General System Theory: Foundations, Development, ApplicationsAn attempt to formulate common laws that apply to virtually every scientific field, this conceptual approach has had a profound impact on such widely diverse disciplines as biology, economics, psychology, and demography. |
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Page 54
... elements considered in isolation . In case 3 , not only the elements should be known , but also the relations be- tween them . Characteristics of the first kind may be called summative , of the second kind constitutive . We can also say ...
... elements considered in isolation . In case 3 , not only the elements should be known , but also the relations be- tween them . Characteristics of the first kind may be called summative , of the second kind constitutive . We can also say ...
Page 55
... elements as known in isolation . Constitutive charac- teristics are those which are dependent on the specific relations within the complex ; for understanding such characteristics we therefore must know not only the parts , but also the ...
... elements as known in isolation . Constitutive charac- teristics are those which are dependent on the specific relations within the complex ; for understanding such characteristics we therefore must know not only the parts , but also the ...
Page 67
... elements . We may call such behavior physical summativity or independence . We may define summativity by saying that a complex can be built up , step by step , by putting together the first separate elements ; conversely , the ...
... elements . We may call such behavior physical summativity or independence . We may define summativity by saying that a complex can be built up , step by step , by putting together the first separate elements ; conversely , the ...
Contents
Introduction | 8 |
On the History of Systems Theory | 10 |
Trends in Systems Theory | 17 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example existence experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation function game theory growth curves homeostasis homeostatic important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences sociology specific steady structure symbolic system concept system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion Unity of Science universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture York
References to this book
The Roots of Modern Environmentalism David Pepper,John W. Perkins,Martyn J. Youngs No preview available - 1984 |