General System Theory: Foundations, Development, ApplicationsAn attempt to formulate common laws that apply to virtually every scientific field, this conceptual approach has had a profound impact on such widely diverse disciplines as biology, economics, psychology, and demography. |
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Page 39
... closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are considered to be isolated from their environment . Thus , physical chemistry tells us about the reactions , their rates , and the ...
... closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are considered to be isolated from their environment . Thus , physical chemistry tells us about the reactions , their rates , and the ...
Page 98
... closed systems : The " evolution " of the computer is one toward disappearance of differentiation and establishment of maximum homogeneity ( analog to the second principle in closed systems ) ; Shannon's Theorem similarly concerns closed ...
... closed systems : The " evolution " of the computer is one toward disappearance of differentiation and establishment of maximum homogeneity ( analog to the second principle in closed systems ) ; Shannon's Theorem similarly concerns closed ...
Page 125
... closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A closed system must , according to the second principle , eventually attain a time - independent state of equilibrium , defined by maximum entropy and minimum free energy ...
... closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A closed system must , according to the second principle , eventually attain a time - independent state of equilibrium , defined by maximum entropy and minimum free energy ...
Contents
Introduction | 8 |
On the History of Systems Theory | 10 |
Trends in Systems Theory | 17 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
allometric animals appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics defined differential equations dynamic elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example existence experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation function game theory growth curves homeostasis homeostatic important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine mathematical means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological possible present principle problems processes protein psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations scientific sense servomechanisms similar so-called social sciences sociology specific steady structure symbolic system concept system theory teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion Unity of Science universe vitalistic Volterra whole world picture York
References to this book
The Roots of Modern Environmentalism David Pepper,John W. Perkins,Martyn J. Youngs No preview available - 1984 |