Technology and Global ChangeTechnology and Global Change describes how technology has shaped society and the environment over the last 200 years. Technology has led us from the farm to the factory to the internet, and its impacts are now global. Technology has eliminated many problems, but has added many others (ranging from urban smog to the ozone hole to global warming). This book is the first to give a comprehensive description of the causes and impacts of technological change and how they relate to global environmental change. Written for specialists and nonspecialists alike, it will be useful for researchers and professors, as a textbook for graduate students, for people engaged in long-term policy planning in industry (strategic planning departments) and government (R & D and technology ministries, environment ministries), for environmental activists (NGOs), and for the wider public interested in history, technology, or environmental issues. |
Contents
Introduction | 8 |
12 Approach | 8 |
13 Structural Overview | 8 |
WHAT IS TECHNOLOGY? | 17 |
Technology Concepts and Definitions | 19 |
21 From Artifacts to Megamachines | 20 |
22 Technological Change | 38 |
23 Sources of Technological Change | 75 |
65 Environmental Impacts of Industrialization | 227 |
66 Industrial Metabolism and Dematerialization Strategies | 229 |
67 Energy | 248 |
Services | 291 |
Time Budgets and Consumer Expenditures | 293 |
73 Lifestyles Services and the Environment | 312 |
Growing Demands and Emissions | 316 |
75 Transport and the Environment | 330 |
Technology Models | 91 |
Technology History | 117 |
Some Suggestions for Further Reading on Part I | 127 |
TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT NATURAL AND HUMAN | 129 |
Agriculture | 131 |
51 Introduction | 132 |
52 Technology Agricultural Land and People | 133 |
53 Three Clusters of Change in Agricultural Technologies | 134 |
Productivity | 154 |
LandUse Changes | 161 |
Other Global Changes | 170 |
57 Global Changes in Human Occupations and Residence | 181 |
58 Environmental Problems of Urbanization | 186 |
Industry | 195 |
61 Introduction | 196 |
63 Clusters | 204 |
64 Socioeconomic Impacts of Industrialization | 223 |
Some Suggestions for Further Reading on Part II | 337 |
THE BALANCE OF EVIDENCE | 339 |
Conclusion | 341 |
82 Technology Productivity and the Environment | 345 |
83 Patterns and Rates of Change | 352 |
TechnologyEnvironment Paradox | 355 |
85 A Manifesto | 364 |
Postscript From Data Muddles to Models | 367 |
92 Modeling Technological Change | 374 |
93 A Model of Uncertain Returns from RD and Learning | 381 |
94 Environment | 389 |
95 Next Steps | 392 |
Appendix | 395 |
| 409 | |
| 441 | |
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Common terms and phrases
activities additional agricultural America applications areas average become capita carbon cars century Chapter coal compared consumer continued costs countries demand diffusion discussion early economic effects efficiency electricity emissions energy environment environmental estimates Europe example existing expenditures factor Figure final fuel function future global global change growth historical human illustrates impacts important improvements increases individual industrial innovation inputs institutional intensity introduced investments knowledge labor land lead learning less levels materials measure million natural needs organization output overall particular patterns period pollution population possible productivity railways rates reductions regions remain resource result rise scale sector share shows social Source standards steam structural Table technological change technology clusters tion tons transport uncertainty unit urban waste World
References to this book
Bibliographic information
| Title | Technology and Global Change |
| Author | Arnulf Grübler |
| Edition | illustrated, reprint |
| Publisher | Cambridge University Press, 2003 |
| ISBN | 0521543320, 9780521543323 |
| Length | 464 pages |
| Subjects | › Science / Environmental Science Technology & Engineering / History |
| Export Citation | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |