graduated as completing the full and liberal course, such as is not surpassed in any institution for women. Meantime, five large buildings have been erected, and three taken down after they became old and useless. All this, and the purchase of twelve acres of land, has been accomplished by the economical use of school income, with no other contributed outside aid than $10,000 to furnish one building and $4,000 for needed additional land. And now the property thus earned is appraised to the Regents of New York University at $125,000. All this property is held at this time, not for private ends, but for the benefit of women, and of that class who most need such advantages of education. For many years the founders of this institution have been seeking that stability and permanence secured to nearly five hundred colleges and professional schools for young men, all endowed by State or private benefactions at the rate of from half a million to two and three millions each. In order to do this the two sisters several years ago transferred their large property to a Presbyterian Synod, on condition that they would raise an endowment not so large as one-tenth of what is given to most of our colleges. They gave up their control to the Synod and to Dr. Cox as the head, hoping thus to secure influence and endowment. But in a short time it was found that no endowment came; the new management failed, and the sisters took back the institution and restored its prosperity and usefulness. Since that time hundreds of thousands have been bestowed on several colleges in the near vicinity, while this noble seminary still is seeking for a pitiful endowment. Among my most valued counselors and co-laborers' should be placed Dr. and Mrs. Parsons and Miss Mary Mortimer, who for twenty years, with faith and patience, have labored with me to bring into existence at least one college for women, with endowments to support women professors. Why our success has been so long delayed appears in other chapters of these Reminiscences, and which finally resolves itself into the want of pecuniary means at the control of competent women. [Miss Beecher makes warm and honorable mention of the labors of Mrs. Emma Willard and her sister Mrs. Lincoln Phelps, and of Miss Z. P. Grant (daughter of Deacon Grant of Colebrook, Conn., and afterward known as Mrs. Banister of Newburyport), and Mary Lyon, an account of whose educational work will be found in the volumes of the American Journal of Education, and in Barnard's Educational Biography. Vol. IV.—Female Teachers and Educators.] THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. 4 PRE-ACADEMIC CAMBRIDGE. THE original Cambridge was a small settlement in what is now the least academical and fashionable part of it, on the left bank of the river Granta or Cam, forty-eight miles northeast of London. A hill rises above the plain, and on that hill stood the Roman Camboritum. The walls of the old camp or stronghold can now be traced, and Roman coins from the time of Vespasian downwards have been found there. In the earliest Anglo-Saxon period it was known as Grantchester, and a little later as Grantabrydge. With the ascendancy of Cam as the name of the stream, the town became known as Cambridge-derived from the ancient Camboritum, or else from the bridge over the Cam-the earliest structure of the kind in this region. Its position on the river, commanding the fen country, invited the ravages of the Danes and its almost extinction by them in 871, but secured its renewal and resettlement afterwards, as well as the gradual foundation of religious houses and commercial Fairs, as a center of population, traffic, and local influence. The oldest ecclesiastical structure is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, erected in 1001; the castle was built by William the Conqueror about 1009; Pot Fair, so called from the quantity of earthern ware brought to it, and Stourbridge Fair held in a field near Barnwell, and anciently one of the largest in the kingdom, both antedate the foundation of Peterhouse, the first college; and the guild of merchants, afterwards recognized in the charter of the town, was in existence in 1109, when Joffrid, Abbot of Croyland, sent over to his manor of Cottenham, near Cambridge, Gislebert, with three other learned monks, who first taught their sciences in a hired barn, the germ of what is now the University; and now an Oxford poet thus muses over the grounds, courts, and buildings of seventeen Colleges and Halls on the Cam: Were ever river banks so fair, 7 -F. W. Faber. (97) REESE LIBRARY CF THE UNIVERSITY Cambridge Town and Gown in 1575. In a brief account of Famous Cities by Braunius (George Braun) published at Cologne in 1576, there is a plan of Cambridge with the 16 colleges and halls, the castle, river, and streets, and accompanied by a letter (historical and descriptive) from William Soone-who proceeded to Master of Arts in 1561, and subsequently LL.D., and became Regius Law Professor by appointment of Queen Elizabeth. Adhering to the old faith, he was forced to resign, and about 1576 became Professor of Civil Law in Louvain. On application from Braun he writes this letter as a small return to his alma mater (institutrici mec) and to rescue her from persons debased by this new super. tition, and commend her to one so attached to our most holy religion :' The university is now [after divers and great devastations by the Cimbri and the Dane] arrived at such a pitch of splendor as to have 19 houses of students, but only 14 colleges, which for magnificence and wealth deserve the name of royal palaces rather than of houses for scholars. The common dress of all is a sacred cap (I call it sacred, because worn by priests; a gown reaching down to their heels, of the same form as that of priests. None of them live out of the colleges in the townsmen's houses; they are perpetually quarrelling and fighting with them; and this is more remarkable in the mock-fights which they practice in the streets in summer with shields and clubs. They go out in the night to show their valor, armed with monstrous great clubs furnished with a cross-piece of iron to keep off the blows, and frequently beat the watch. When they walk the streets, they take the wall, not only of the inhabitants, but even of strangers, unless persons of rank. Hence the proverb, that a Royston horse, and a Cambridge Master of Arts, are a couple of creatures that will give way to nobody. (Royston is a village that supplies London with malt, which is carried up on horseback.) In standing for degrees, the North-country and South-country men have warm contests with one another; as at Oxford the Welsh and English, whom the former call Saxons. In the months of January, February, and March, to beguile the long evenings, they amuse them-elves with exhibiting public plays, which they perform with so much elegance, such graceful action, and such command of voice, countenance, and gesture, that, if Plautus, Terence, or Seneca, were to come to life again, they would admire their own pieces, and be better pleased with them than when they were performed before the people of Rome; and Euripides, Sophocles, and Aristophanes, would be disgusted at the performance of their own citizens. The officers of the University which are perpetual, are, the Chancellor, who is now William Cecill, Lord Burghley, Principal Secretary of State; High Steward, Robert Earl of Leicester; Syndic, a person well versed in the common law, George Gerard, Chancellor of the Exchequer; the Chancellor's Commissary, John Ithell, LL.D. These offices are held only by persons of the highest rank, who by their influence can protect the rights of the University. The annual officers are, the ViceChancellor, to whom all matters are referred; the Proctors, who moderate in the school, take care of the watch, and of the meat, to see that it is wholesome; the Taxers, who take care of the corn; the Serutators, who collect the votes in the senate house; the Professors, who give lectures extraordinary in divinity, civil law, physic, Hebrew, and Geeek, and have each a salary of £140 per annum. The Apparitors, commonly called Bead/es, have all titles, except one, who is the Vice-Chancellor's Mar hall. In short, though I went to Paris as soon as I left England, thence to Dol, thence to Freiburg, thence over the Alps to Padua, was many years Professor at Lorrain, disputed in the assembly of the learned at Rome, and read lectures at Cologne, and have gone through many other vicissitudes, if any regard is due to experience founded on so much seeing, hearing, reading, and actual use, I may venture to affirm, with a degree of certainty, that the dignity of this form of school government consists in its extensiveness. When the different ranks are assembled in the enate house, which is done by the Marshall going round to all the colleges and halls, and standing in the court with his gilded staff in one hand and his hat in the other, and with a loud voice proclaiming the day and hour of the congregation, you would think the wisest and gravest senators of some great republic were met together. To conclude, the way of life in these colleges is the most pleasant and liberal; and if I might have my choice, and my principles would permit, I should prefer it to a kingdom. The plan of Cambridge in 1575 is reproduced in the Gentleman's Magazine for April, 1776, p. 201. THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. The University of Cambridge existed in the form of a conventual school in the seventh century, but was not organized on the academical system, partially at least independent of all local ecclesiastical control, until 1109, and received its final charter from Henry III., fifty years before the founding of Peter House, the oldest endowed College. The following is a list of University Officers, Examiners, Professors with the date of the foundation of each professorship, and the College organization for 1873-4: OFFICERS-EXAMINERS-PROFESSORS. UNIVERSITY OFFICERS. Chancellor, His Grace the Duke of Devon- High Steward, the Earl of Powis, LL.D, St. Vice-Chancellor, H. W. Cookson, D.D., Peter Public Orator, R. C. Jebb, M.A., Trinity. Counsel, Sir R. Baggallay, M.A., Caius; J. COUNCIL OF THE SENATE. H Dr Parkinson, St. John's; E Ivery University Grace must pass the Sex Viri, Dr. Phelps; Dr. Kennedy; Dr. Auditors of the Chest, J. Lamb, Caius; E Pro-Proctors, F Whitting, M.A, King's; E. EXAMINEES. Mathematical ripos, W. D. Niven, MA., Classical Tripos, H.. G. Moule, M.A., Trin- Moral Sciences Tripos, T. W. Tevin, Cathe- Law and History Tripos, Dr. Abdy, Prof. Date. 1707 Anatomy, G. M. Humphrey, M.D., 1652 Arabic, W. Wright, LL D., Queen's. 1851 Archæology (Disney), Rev. C. Babing- 1749 Astronomy (Lowndes'), J. C. Adams, M.A., Pembroke. 1704 Astronomy (Plumian), Rev. J. Challis, M.A., F.R.S. Trinity. 1524 Botany, C. C. Babington, M.A., St. John's. 1702 Chemistry, G. D. Liveing, M.A., St. John's. 1540ivil Law (Regius), E. C. Clark, M.A., Trinity. 1860 Divinity (Hulsean), Rev. J. B. Lightfoot, D.D. Trinity. 1502 Divinity (Margaret), Rev. W. Selwyn, D.D, St. John's. 1768 Divinity (Norrisian), Rev. C. A. Swainson, D.D., Christ's. 1540 Divinity (egius), Rev. B. F. Westcott, D.D., Trinity. 1871 Experimental Physics, J. C. Maxwell, 1866 Fine Art, S. Colvin, M.A., Trinity. 1510 Greek, Rev. B. H. Kennedy, D.D., St. 1540 Hebrew, Rev. T. Jarrett, M.A., 7rinity. Hulsean Lecturer, S. Leathes, M.A., Jesus. Lady Margaret Preacher, B. H. Kennedy, D.D., St. John's. 1869 Latin, J. E. B. Mayor, M. A., St. John's. 1800 Law (Down), W. LI. Birkbeck, M.A., Trinity. International Law, Sir W. G. G. V. Vernon Harcourt, M.A., Q.C., M.P., Trinity. 1663 Mathematics (Lucasian), G. G. Stokes, M.A., Pembroke, 1801 Medicine (Down), W. W. Fisher, M.D., Down. 1808 Mineralogy W. H. Miller, MD, F.R S. 1724 Modern History, J. R. Seeley, M.A., Christ's. 1683 Moral Philosophy, Rev. T. R. Birks. M.A, Trinity. 1684 Music, Sir W. S. Bennett, M.A., Mus.D., St. John's. 1783 Natural Philosophy (Jacksonian), Rev. R Willis, M., F.R.S, Caius. 1540 Fhysic (Regius), G. E. Paget, M.D., Caius. 1863 Political Economy, H. Fawcett, M A., MP, Trinity Hall. 1863 Pure Mathematics, A. Cayley, M.A., Trinity. 1867 Sanskrit, E. B. Cowell, M.A., Trinity. 1866 Zoology, A. Newton, M.A., Magdalene. The Cantab Language.* To appreciate a description of Cambridge University, and University life, it will be well to understand the phrases which enter into it. Gownsman.-A student of the University. Snob.-A townsman as opposed to a student, or a blackguard as opposed to a gentleman; a loafer generally. Cad.-A low fellow, nearly snob. Reading. Studying, A reading man.-A hard student. A rowing man-(ow as in cow).—A hard case, a spreer. Mild, Shady, Slow.-Epithets of depreciation, answering nearly to the phrases, "no great shakes,' and 'small potatoes.' Fast.-Nearly the French expansif. A fast man is not necessarily (like the London fast man) a rowing man, though the two attributes are often combined in the same person; he is one who dresses flashily, talks big, and spends, or affects to spend, money very freely. Seedy.-Not well, out of sorts, done up; the sort of feeling that a reading man has after an examination, or a rowing man after a dinner with the Beefsteak Club. Bumptious.-Conceited, forward, pushing. Brick.-A good fellow; what Americans sometimes call a clever fellow. Hang-out.-To treat, to live, to have or possess (a verb of all work). Like bricks, Like a brick or a bean, Like a house on fire, To the nth. To the n+1th. Intensives to express the most energetic way of doing any thing. These phrases are sometimes in very odd contexts. You hear men talk of a balloon going up like bricks, and rain coming down like a house on fire. No end of-Another intensive of obvious import. They have no end of tin, i.e., a great deal of money. He is no end of a fool, i.e., the greatest fool possible. Pill, Rot.-Twaddle, platitude. Bosh.-Nonsense, trash, pλvapía. Lounge.-A treat, a comfort (an Etonian importation). Coach.-A private tutor. Team.-The private tutor's pupils. Subject.-A particular author, or part of an author, set for examination; or a particular branch of Mathematics, such as Optics, Hydrostatics, &c. Getting up a subject.-Making one's self thoroughly master of it. Flooring a paper.-Answering correctly and fully every question in it. Book-work-All mathematics that can be learned verbatim from books-all that are not problems. Cram. All miscellaneous information about Ancient History, Geography, Antiquities, Law, &c.; all Classical matter not included under the heads of Translation and Composition. Composition.-Translating English into Greek or Latin. Original Composition.-Writing a Latin Theme, or original Latin verses. Spirting.-Making an extraordinary effort of mind or body for a short time. A boat's crew make a spirt, when they pull fifty yards with all the strength they have left. A reading man makes a spirt, when he crams twelve hours daily the week before examination. Commons. The students' daily rations, either of meat in hall, or of bread and butter for breakfast and tea. Sizings.-Extra orders in hall. Don. A Fellow, or any College authority. Little-Go.-The University Examination in the second year, properly called the Previous Examination. Tripos-Any University Examination for Honors of Questionists or men who have just taken their B.A. (The University Scholarship Examinations are not called Triposes.) Posted.-Rejected in a College Examination. Plucked.-Rejected in a University Examination. Proctors.-The Police Officers of the University. Bull-dogs.-Their Lictors, or servants who attend the Proctors when on duty. Wrangler, Senior Optime, Junior Optime.-The First, Second, and Third Classes of the Mathematical Tripos. Senior Wranglers.-The head of the First Class in Mathematics. Bristed's Five Years in an English University-1840-44. |