66

gladly greet you in this glorious summer, sunny land. There are a lot of tin can tourists" here, and more reported on the way, so there will be many of your class here for you to "chum" with. There is another class here called "Crackers," who are about on an equality with the "tin canners.". They associate together very much, and the writer comes under this head. So far as tin cans are concerned there is a great demand for them for your

CANADIAN

purpose, but I am going to endeavor to have you a lot of nice ones saved up. And about fishing, we will see that you catch up completely, and not have any more of the fever to trouble you in some time. Swimming is fine here. The writer, in company with some other "bee-cranks" the other day, was strolling along the beautiful shell beach. When we had reached a point some distance from a residence, a surf bath was suggested, and you know the rest.

BEEDOM

66

"Away Up North" Out of the Snow While Ohio and other central States were treated to an old-fashioned blizzard early in November, away up North in Ontario " we have had no snow until today, Dec. 8. We are getting our first light fall of the beautiful. Editor Root made us open our eyes at the Toronto convention, when he told us of digging bees out of banks 9 feet deep, and for once at least we were thankful to be so far north as to escape such rigorous weather.

The vagaries of the weather are indeed wonderful, and our observatory at Toronto reports the mildest November on record. The first week of December was without a frost, and at that date pansies were still in bloom in some gardens. But it is cold today with a miniature northwest blizzard, so things will likely be normal from now

Ontario Convention Cleaning Entrances of Snow

The 1913 convention of the Ontario Beekeepers' Association is past. As anticipated, the attendance broke the records, and the interest was maintained until the close of the last session. From over the line we had Messrs. House and Clark of New York State, and Editor E. R. Root. of Medina, Ohio. Considerable attention was given to the subject of co-operation, and while little actual work was done in the way of devising plans for a more effectual organization for selling our product, yet the discussion on the subject cannot help but be educational. Even if no immediate steps are taken, the work done may bear fruit in the future. The great question to solve in undertaking work of any extent in the line of co-operation, is

the financing of the scheme. That question must be settled before any effective work can be done.

Some notes of the proceedings of the convention were taken by the writer, and at some future time I hope to give a brief synopsis of some of the best things at the meeting. Most of the discussions were along the lines of actual work in the summer time, and thus most of the good things can be given at a more seasonable time.

This reminds me that the month of January is a month above all others in which there is "nothing doing" with the bees in our northern latitudes. If one has warm honey houses to work in, comb scraping and all like work can be done at this time; but as we have no stoves in any of our bee buildings, that work is left until warm days in April, when we always have time to get the work done before the rush of the season starts.

The snow problem will present itself in many localities in January. In my own case I let all pile around the hives that chooses to drift there. We have quilts over the frames, and all winter the cases have an air-space between packing and cover of outside case. If I used sealed covers over the frames, possibly we would have to be more careful

of the snow, but as I do not want the sealed covers, I let the snow go, and can see no bad results from it. On the contrary, I often wish for snow, for in the counties bordering on lake Ontario our snowfall is very often light, while north 100 miles, where we have another yard, the hives will be completely covered. But I want the snow away in time for the first flight in March, and after that period I consider it dangerous to have the hives covered again for any length of time. Snow falling in spring is heavy and wet, and with brood-rearing going on it is dangerous.

66

Dr. Miller's Crop

It will now be in order for Dr. Miller to get out a new edition of his book, so as to tell us how that big crop was harvested. Really, though, that great yield is only described by one word, 'magnificent." After making all allowance for the very best management, good bees, good supplies, etc., what a wonderful flow there must have been! While Ontario is a fine honey country one year with another, yet I never get any of those prolonged flows like they do in Illinois and some other States. Very often our best crops are harvested inside of two weeks, and rarely do we get a flow of four weeks from clover. In some sections of Ontario the yield was prolonged this year, but with us, although the crop was good, clover yielded less than four weeks. Congratulations Doctor, and may you get 366 sections per colony next year.

And while congratulating the Doctor on his great crop, let us not forget that in Miss Wilson he has an able helper. Who knows just how much of the credit of this big yield must be attributed to her? Personally, "the woman in the case" deserves a lot of credit for the crop we harvested, and I suspect a great many other beekeepers would have to confess the same thing.

Shall We Encourage Beginners ? One thing was very much in evidence at our late convention in Toronto. This was that at present there is a lot of extracted honey still unsold in On

tario. One remedy proposed is that more produce comb honey. While this advice is excellent, the change will not be made in a hurry. The writer feels that while all efforts should be made to organize and in other ways assist the present producers, it is time, if ever, for a more conservative program when influencing more to go into the business. In other words, a curtailment of production should be the slogan rather than efforts to produce more honey. This is not selfish, but only common "horse sense," and I be

CONVENTION

Glimpses from the New York State Beekeepers' Convention

BY F. GREINER.

An animated beekeepers' convention, which was well attended, was held in Rochester, N. Y., on Dec. 2 and 3. The reader might be interested in some of the discussions held and addresses delivered, and if I may be allowed, I will here mention some interesting features as they occurred.

As to setting and maintaining the price of honey, it was stated by Mr. S. D. House, that in Canada they had successfully settled that question. Crop reports were gathered all over the land by the beekeepers' society, and a special committee then decided what the price should be for the season. So successful had they been that even the wholesale dealers had been abiding by these decisions. The association voted to give this method a trial.

In a general discussion about capping melters, it was brought out that it was best to allow cappings to drain for a day or more, and then use a capping melter.

a

Mr. E. R. Root said that honey should not be left long in contact with hot wax. Some used water-jacketed boiler to melt the cappings, the same being provided with a spout allowing honey and wax to escape as fast as it had melted sufficiently. Mr. Baldridge, from Kendaia, uses such a one at the close of the day's work.

That it is a necessity for the extensive beekeeper to keep a record of each colony is disputed by few. Mr. Case utilizes broken sections for the purpose. A piece of tin is nailed to the side of each hive, forming a pocket, as it were; this receives the piece of section and protects it from the rains, etc. This pocket must be of the right depth so as to leave the piece of section protruding just a trifle.

Why so much difference in the yields of different colonies was explained by Mr. G. S. Demuth, from the Department of Entomology at Washington, D. C., in a very novel way. Four factors, he said, were responsible for the differences in honey yield in different seasons and with different colonies. First, source of the nectar; secondly, weather conditions; thirdly, number of

lieve the rank and file of the producers are a unit with me on this matter. Without our western market where would we be this year? And it is well to remember that much as we appreciate honey as food, yet after all it is not considered a necessity by the great mass of consumers. There is such a thing as over development of any industry, and I honestly believe that the honey business here in Ontario is dangerously near that point just at present. Don't be afraid to criticize if you don't agree with me.

PROCEEDINGS

workers in the hive; fourth, public sentiment for storing (storing instinct must be dominant). Mr. Demuth compared the conditions to a game of dice. Imagine, he said, each condition to be represented by one of the little cubes, the six sides of each numbered from one to six; cast them on the table; you may imagine that the aces may come up on all four, but it is rarely to be expected. When it happens in beekeeping you have a bumper crop.

Only the third and fourth factors enumerated are under the control of the apiarist, and the more successful he is in keeping the conditions right the better the results. It is probable there will always be a lack of uniformity in results with most beekeepers. The breeding of a bee which has the storing instinct to an intensified degree, he recommended.

In the following discussion Mr. House and Mr. Dines, from Camillus, N. Y., championed their sectional hive, asserting that with such a one it was much easier to manage to bring about that contentment within the hive necessary for storing the greatest amount of surplus.

Shall extracted honey be retailed in the granulated form was the next subject, and Mr. C. B. Howard held that granulated honey should be so sold, kept for sale in the manner as cheese is sliced off from blocks in quantities wanted.

Mr. E. R. Root showed granulated honey put up for retail trade in paper cartons, weighing about 14 pounds, something which would fill the bill it would seem. He stated that to cut up granulated honey into squares of the desired size, the tin was stripped from the honey, or, if in barrels, the staves were taken down, then by means of tightly stretched wires the block of solid honey was cut up. Mr. Root said: "You cannot cut honey, soap, tallow, etc., with knives, but taut wires will do it. When the honey is in proper shape the cubes are wrapped in paraffine paper and slid into the cartons. It may be called honey-spread or honey-butter. Comb honey may also be put up in cartons, but must be left to drain for 24 hours after being cut up into squares."

In the question-box a standard for goldens was demanded. It was con

ceded by the majority that the workers of such a strain should be golden all. over except the extreme tip end of the body. A few others held that a bee possessing three or four golden bands might claim the distinction "Goldens as against the leather-colored strain of Italians.

Markings of other bees were discussed. It was shown that there was very little difference between brown or black bees (Carniolans, Banats and Caucasians). Mr. Root said even experts were often puzzled.

Before adjournment it was decided to hold a special meeting at Cornell farmers' week in February, and the next regular meeting in Syracuse during December, 1914. Naples, N. Y.

Quebec Meeting of Beekeepers

The annual meeting of the association of beekeepers of the province of Quebec. took place in the Government offices at Montreal, Nov. 2. About a hundred members were present. Dr. Emery Lalonde presided.

After the reading of the minutes the following officers were elected: Honorary Chairman- J. E. Caron, Minister of Agriculture.

Chairman-Dr, Emery Lalonde. Vice-Chairman-A. L. Beaudin. Secretary-Treasurer A. O. Comiré. The financial statement showed receipts from the Government grant $200, and from membership dues $126. After paying the year's expenses there was a balance in the treasury of $37.61.

Statistics concerning the production of honey in the province were furnished by the Minister of Agriculture. The latter complained that the association had failed to furnish such full information as was necessary concerning crops. To this it was replied that the association covered too large a territory to be able to furnish full statistics.

A request was made to the Government for a continuation of the annual grant, and that it be increased to $300. The Government was also asked for an allowance of $1000 for the purchase of Italian queens.

It was decided to ask for a change in the inspection law to increase the power of the inspectors, to forbid the keeping of bees in hives with immovable combs, to prevent the importation within the province of infected bees or implements, and to increase the fine for infractions of the law concerning the spraying of fruit trees during bloom.

Lectures were afterwards given by Mr. Morley Pettit, Provincial Apiarist of Ontario, L. M. Grignon, Chas. Péloquin, and Mr. Beaulne, Assistant Entomologist of the Ottawa Experimental Farm.

On the second day, lectures were given by J. C. Magan, Michel Dufault, and J. F. Prud'homme.

An exhibit of honey, both comb and extracted, was made, and prizes given to the following_exhibitors: L. J. Comiré, Vincent Benoît, and A. L. Beaudin.

In the afternoon, Mr. Harry Jones exhibited cages for shipping bees by the pound. Mr. Beaulne gave a con

ference on outdoor wintering, such as is practiced at the Ottawa Experimental Farm. Mr. J. A. Vaillancourt, of Montreal, gave a talk on the sale of honey and the best methods of packing it.

The meeting ended with a report of A. O. Comiré, inspector, on the work of inspection during the past season.

A vote of thanks was offered to the different speakers, and the meeting adjourned.

Minnesota State Beekepers' Meeting

Increasing interest in the art of producing honey by the Minnesota beekeepers could be readily recognized on entering the hall occupied by the Minnesota Beekeepers' Association on Dec. 3. About 100, which included many ladies, was the average attendance of the sessions for two days. Beekeepers of the fair sex took prominent part in the meeting.

Both the small beekeeper and specialist were there to profit by the numbers on the program, which were all ably presented. That one can learn to produce honey in carload quantities with a few years' experience and persistent effort, was shown by Mr. E. L. Hoffman, of Janesville, who held the attention of the convention, telling "How My Bees Produced 30 Tons of Extracted Honey this Season." In about 600 colonies of bees, swarming was almost entirely prevented by proper manipulation, and some 4000 sheets of Langstroth size foundation drawn out. The energetic and intelligent beekeeper can get the crop, but a vast amount of work is required to produce results, and actually prevent swarming with the use of the Langstroth and smaller sized hives.

Beekeepers are eager to see sweet clover grown in their locality, but it is only by being tactful that they can induce their neighbor farmers to grow it. Let the farmer know its value as a fertilizer and forage crop. After interesting his neighbor and distributing Farmers' Bulletin, No. 145, on

Sweet Clover, of the United States Department of Agriculture, R. F. Hall, of New Auburn, Minn., was enabled to sell all the sweet clover seed that he could produce. Sweet clover seems to be more valuable in the central States than alfalfa. It is still on the list of obnoxious weeds in Minnesota, but this will soon be rectified, and with a new bulletin on clovers, which will soon be out, sweet clover will be officially placed where it belongs, above both timothy and red clover in value as a forage.

Minnesota beekeepers, and beekeepers in general throughout this country, have been leading a movement for education and experimentation in their respective States. Those in charge of the State Agricultural Station recognize this, and are making every effort to respond to the demands of the people. Quarters to house the new department of apiculture in beekeeping are being prepared. Announcement is made by Prof. Francis Jager, that the week beginning Jan. 19, is scheduled for the first free short course in beekeeping in the Farm School. This is open to persons of any age wishing to broaden their knowledge of beekeeping, and every one can be assured in advance of useful instruction to be given by Father Jager, whose apiary is a model one and whose ideas are progressive.

The Experiment Station will take immediate steps for the improvement of the races of bees, particularly with the Carniolans. Best wishes for your efforts, Prof. Jager. Your idea of too small quarters usually afforded the Carniolan queen is well taken. About 40 years ago Charles Dadant threw aside the Langstroth sized hive for one with 40 percent larger brood-chamber to accommodate the capacity of the Italian bee, which saved him excessive manipulation and double decked bodies.

An experimental bee-cellar arranged to absorb and evaporate the moisture which collects in the form of a heavy frost inside the cellar, will be tried this winter by Dr. L. D. Leonard, of Minneapolis, the present secretary-treasurer of the Minnesota Beekeepers' As

sociation. Information concerning the best methods of wintering in Minnesota would be of benefit to its beekeepers.

The State Fair exhibit as an advertising and educational medium is probably quite as valuable as the contest for prizes. A larger allowance for prizes has been recommended by Mr. Scott La Monte, Superintendent of the Apiary Department of the State Fair Board. The large and first-class exhibits this year deserve more recognition in the way of bigger prizes.

The organization of a Honey Exchange is urged by L. F. Sampson, of Excelsior, whose experience in selling his fruit crop in that way has been very satisfactory. Honey, however, does not appear to the consumers in general as almost a necessity, so the demand for honey is lighter than for fruits. The producer with a retail trade of his own will not turn over his crop to a Honey Exchange, even though it may be a properly conducted cooperative association..

Minnesota beekeepers appreciate the services of their State inspector, J. A. Holmberg, 1241 Edgerton St., St. Paul, His last report may be secured by sending to the above address.

Mr. P. J. Doll, President; Mr. Scott La Monte, 1st Vice-President; and Mr. L. V. Rodecker, 2d Vice-President, were re-elected as officers of the association. Dr. L. D. Leonard was elected Secretary-Treasurer.

Executive Committee: P. J. Doll, C. A. Palmer. L. F. Sampson, L. V. Bodecker, and L. C. Pilcher.

Meeting of Michigan Beekeepers' Association

The Michigan Beekeepers' Association held their meeting at the Y. M. C. A. Building in Detroit on Dec. 10 and 11. This was an enthusiastic meeting, and the excellent program arranged by the President and Secretary left nothing to be desired.

In his address, Pres. Jenner E. Morse urged the convention to take steps to secure more members for the association. There is no doubt that the greatest progress can be made only by the co-operation of all the beekeepers in the State.

Mr. L. S. Griggs, of Flint, talked on how he produced and sold comb honey. Mr. Griggs produces both comb and extracted honey, and is as successful a beekeeper as can be found in the State. Many subscribers will recog nize Mr. Griggs' address as that of our old friend, W. Z. Hutchinson. In fact, Mr. Griggs purchased Mr. Hutchinson's apiary shortly after his death, and is meeting with great success.

The convention was entertained by lantern slides on the subject of "Pollenization." Prof. R. H. Pettit, of Lansing, gave views of the bees at work on different flowers. The process of carrying pollen from one flower to another, either on the abdomen or back of bees, was plainly shown.

Mr. E. B. Tyrrell, Secretary of the National Beekeepers' Association, gave an address on "Imagination as Applied to the Bee Business." Mr. Tyrrell's

pictures were for the beekeeper who was in the least inclined to build air castles. Migratory beekeeping was especially mentioned in his talk.

The association was especially fortunate in having with them Mr. J. P. Munson, of the Michigan Horticultural Society.. Mr. Munson, in his talk, showed plainly the difficulties that beset the fruit grower when spraying his trees, and in return asked that the beekeepers teach why the fruit grower should have consideration for bees. There was no room left for doubt that the bees cannot puncture fruit, and that they were necessary for the pollenation of fruit flowers.

Michigan is especially fortunate in

A. H. GUERNSEY, OF IONIA, MICH., With a runaway swarm. The swarm was found on a limb 134 inches through, 40 feet from the ground. It had combs 2 feet long and 13 inches deep. The bees were safely captured and taken to a photograph gallery and afterward exhibited on the streets for several hours.

having secured the sevices of Mr. F. E. Millen as State Inspector of Apiaries. His address to the convention on the subject of "Cause, Treatment and Eradication of Foul Brood" was excellent. Mr. Millen has had considerable experience with foul brood, and we are sure that if the beekeepers give him the required assistance the war on foul brood in Michigan will succeed.

Mr. A. G. Woodman, of Grand Rapids, in showing various beekeepers' appliances, gave a description of his new combined section folder and foundation fastener. This little machine gives promise of being a winner among beekeepers who produce comb honey. Mr. Woodman showed how top and bottom starters could be put in a section all at one operation. Most foundation fasteners put the foundation on one side of the section only, but this machine places it on two sides, top and bottom, with exactness.

Beekeeping in the colleges was the subject of the address by Prof. Morley Pettit, of Guelph, Ont. As Michigan is

just starting on this subject, the address was listened to with great interest. The Ontario Beekeepers' Association has nearly 1500 members, and the audience was told how these members were secured, and what the work at the Ontario Agricultural College was doing for the students in college.

It was very much regretted by the beekeepers present that Mr. Ira D. Bartlett could not be at the convention, but a short paper by him was read on "Wintering Bees Out-of-Doors." The subject assigned to Mr. Bartlett was "Wintering Bees on Summer Stands," but Mr. Bartlett's experience has been wholly with wintering bees in clusters of four, and not simply on the original. summer stands.

Mr. D. Running, of Filion, Mich., gave a very interesting talk on his method of wintering bees in cellars, and also gave a description of a cellar he has built for the express purpose of wintering all his colonies. There is no doubt that in his location cellar wintering is the best method of carrying bees through the winter.

The editor of the Beekeepers' Review, Mr. Townsend, talked on "The Production of Extracted Honey." As stated in the Review a few months ago, Mr. Townsend and his sons practice wintering their bees with a shallow super full of honey just above the brood-chamber. This extra super is for the purpose of ensuring plentiful stores up until apple bloom, and even until white clover yields in the spring.

The meeting of the association will be held at the Michigan Agricultural College in Lansing, Mich., next year.

The Missouri Meeting at Excelsior Springs

The meeting of the Missouri beekeepers at this famous resort, on Dec. 16 and 17, 1913, proved very_efficient. Important steps were taken. The membership fee has thus far been only 50

cents, but it was decided that more funds were needed both for paying expenses and with a view to incorporate so as to form a permanent organization similar to the Agricultural and Horticultural associations. The fee was raised to $1.00. A committee was appointed to consider incorporation and securing an appropriation from the State Legislature, for the purpose of publishing the proceedings and all important information in the fight against diseases, also for co-operation in securing better prices for honey. A revision of the constitution was also contemplated.

Interesting papers were read by E. E. Lawrence, Clay Foley, H. C. Gadberry, Dr. A. D. Wolfe, W. T. Cary, and C. C. Clemons. The latter gentleman terrified his audience by facetiously producing an enormous roll, which purported to be an address, but turned out to be blank paper. His address, which was excellent, treated of the experiences of the commission merchant and of the best methods of grading honey for the market.

The editor of the American Bee Journal gave a half hour talk on beekeeping in Europe.

The president, J. W. Rouse, gave considerable information concerning foul brood and the failure to secure a law by only one vote of minority. He urged the beekeepers to do as was done in Illinois in a similar circumstance, write to their representatives individually and demand their support of the measure. The attitude of the convention indicated that very strenuous efforts will be made in this direction at the next session of the Missouri Legislature.

A resolution was passed granting to the secretary 25 percent of the membership dues as an indemnity of his labors. The association nominated the city of Columbia as the next place of meeting, subject to the decision of the executive committee. Resolutions were passed in favor of a course in beekeeping at

the Agricultural College of Missouri.

At the suggestion of Mr. Gadberry, a committee was appointed to ask the Board of Agriculture for an increase of the present premiums at the State Fair, to at least $500: in view of the fact that the State of Minnesota gives over $1000 for that purpose.

The election of officers resulted as

NOTES FROM

follows: President, J. W. Rouse; VicePresident, H. C. Gadberry; SecretaryTreasurer, J F. Diemer.

Such meetings are very pleasant and exceedingly useful. But they should be more fully attended. Instead of 25 or 30, there should be 150 beekeepers in attendance. Those who fail to attend do not realize how much they miss.

ABROAD

W

BY C. P. DADANT.

E left Paris on July 14, which, as explained before, is the same as our American 4th. We wanted to avoid the crowds and get a good night of sleep. The streets were filling, the flags swinging, and the soldiers marching towards the field of Longchamps, for the annual parade. We turned our backs on all this and took a train, via Reims, for Grandpré, in northeastern France. The surroundings of Paris are beautiful, and on the way we admired the avenues, the gardens, the groves, which show training beyond our American ways. Wife had no idea of the curious shapes into which trees may be trained and trimmed, and of the possibility of having shaded avenues in which not a single limb is allowed to extend farther than the others to the distance of 6 inches.

The trip from Paris to Reims, 98 miles, was made in 2 hours. But beyond that, we were in a local train which made 20 stops, and took exactly 21⁄2 hours to cover 40 miles. This was

commented upon by an American traveler, who remarked that if they had kept on at the same rate as at first, they would have run clear out of France, into Belgium, before the time

was up.

Grandpré (see the cuts) is on a hillside, crowded together as are most European villages, with the church in the center and the inevitable castle on the hill overlooking the village. The church, of the 16th century, contains the tombs of the dukes De Joyeuse.

At the station house a limping old man, pushing a wheelbarrow in front of him, offered to guide us to the hotel. As there are two hotels in this small place, there is a little competition, and our porter secured a glass of wine as a reward from the landlady, for guiding us to the hotel Didion, the farthest house in the rear of the picture below the castle. The old lady, a kindly looking, bearded woman, informed us that the price of her best room, with two beds was 1 franc 50, or 30 cents. The meals were 50 cents each. This we thought rather high in a country place, but when dinner was served, with six courses, in a quaint dining-room all to ourselves, we thought it cheap enough.

If the reader will refer to the September account of our voyage, he will see that our trip to Grandpré was for

of my wife's mother, and if possible ascertain whether there were any relatives of hers still living there. So, after our meal, we called the hostess and began asking questions. She directed us, at our request, to one of the oldest ladies in the village, and we were soon informed that we still had in this village two second cousins. All doubts were removed when, upon further enquiry, we were told by the cousins in question that they had heard their grandmother say that she had relatives in America who kept a large lot of bees. The family pictures were brought out; we exhibited some which we had brought ourselves, and this made matters clear. It was over 20 years since any correspondence had been exchanged, and the old folks were all dead. But the acquaintance was joyfully renewed, with much wonder on their part that any one should come so far to see relatives.

The rest of that day was spent in meeting French peasants, visiting their homes, their pretty gardens, narrow lanes, green paths and white roads.

When evening came, our expected restful night was apparently jeopardized by a ball on the public square shown in the picture, right in front of the hotel, exactly in the same fashion as the free-for-all balls of the Paris celebration. We realized then that the whole of France had a dancing floor

that night wherever a smooth public square was found. But at 11 o'clock it rained, and this put an end to the ball, so we had a peaceful night after all.

I reported in the September number visiting a beekeeper, who is also a candle-maker in that village. His skill is remarkable in making .beautiful white wax candles, with fine wax ornaments that resemble leaves and blossoms, mouldings, etc.; the whole thing with the help of only a few tools of his own devising. But is this any more wonderful than the hand carving of the magnificent stone sculptures so delicate and gauze-like that we saw everywhere in the Old World?

This man's bees are in his back lot, a pretty vegetable garden surrounded, as usual, with old mossy walls. Every inch of available space is in use, the walls even being latticed, and fruittrees trained and fastened to the trellis. The production of extracted honey is almost universal there, and he uses our half-story method of extracting supers. Our name was very familiar to him, since he uses our hive. Their crops are not large, the yield being confined to some varieties of centaurea, basswood, a little alfalfa and white clover. In reply to my questions concerning the May disease, our so-called paralysis, he called it vertigo, and ascribed its existence to the honey of the "centaurea jacea." As this disease exists in different countries with entirely different flora, I believe that opinion

erroneous.

His method of fastening foundation is rather remarkable. He uses in the brood frames a horizontal wire within a quarter inch (5 millimeters) of the underside of the top-bar. He holds very rationally that, since the greater part of the strain is supported by the upper portion of the sheet, it is this part which must be strengthened. As a rule, we place the top wire too low in the frame. He and most other manufacturers work their foundation at home with a Rietsche press. It uses about twice as much wax as the cylinders. It does not seem profitable.

After another day partly spent in this pretty village, and a visit to the old