the city the opportunity to know what semi-public services cost and to hold those who perform them responsible for adequate service at reasonable rates. C. A. III, 1. M. C. A. II, 10. c. Municipal powers. The city need not permit the private control of public privileges. It may, if it deems proper, acquire or construct, and may also operate on its own account, and may regulate or prohibit the construction or operation of railroads or other means of transit or transportation and methods for the production of transmission of heat, light, electricity, or other power, in any of their forms, by pipes, wires, or other means." M. C. A. The proposed Municipal Program has taken democracy for granted, and has attempted to organize municipal government in relation to this great fact. There are those who hold that the future experience of the world will discredit democracy as a method of government, and in particular that democracy will prove itself inadequate for the solution of city problems. But at present, with the history of the past before us, the hope of humanity seems to lie in the perfection of democracy rather than in any retrogressive step, in exalting rather than in lessening popular responsibility. INDEX PAGE Abattoirs, powers of cities as to, in Program Actions by citizens in Program Action to restrain violations of civil-service law in Program Administration, distinction of, from legislation, 74, 83; not political... cities provided by Program. Administrative problems, new, in United States 193 222 207 47 138 148 Ballot, form of, in Program, 176; secrecy of, under Program. 164, 176 Baltimore Board of Town Commissioners 6 Bicameral system, evils,of, 167; introduced .8, 12 Boards, establishment of, 18; increase of, 21; of estimate and apportion- ment 26 Bonds issued for profitable enterprises 115 Boroughs, colonial, 1; in New Jersey, 1; in Pennsylvania, 1; powers of. Cities, increase of, 27; powers of in Program, 141, 182, 192; frame Citizens may bring actions when, in Program City, accounts of, in Program, 199; agent of State, 38, 130; in Program, City, see Municipality. City charters, colonial, I; in Europe, permanence of, 60; theory of, 62; City indebtedness, limitations of, under Program City officers, what elected, under Program, 155; nomination of by peti- Civil service of city in Program PAGE 157 7 161 .176, 224 .170, 204 Civil-service commissioners, in Program, 204; powers of investigation 207 Civil-service regulations, in Program, 139, 204; penalties for violation of 211 Close corporations abandoned, 8; in colonies Coler, Hon. Bird S.: "The Power to Incur Indebtedness Under the ..... Colonial boroughs, 1; difference between them and English boroughs, Colonial municipal charters, I; not granted after 1746 . Constitutional Amendments, in Program, 176; table of contents of, 174; 24 2 III 5 7 III 55. Constitutional limitations of indebtedness, effect of, in New York.... III Contracts of cities, in Program ... Control over receipts and expenditures Controller, how elected, term of, powers of, in Program, 96; elected by Corruption, official, evil of Council in colonial boroughs, 2; in England, 82; in Program, 167, 182, 196 87 220 228 PAGE necessity of, 151; powers of, in Program, 234; powers of appro- Croton aqueduct, provision for Debt limitations 14 ..68, III, 178, 197 Deming, Horace E.: The Municipal Problem in the United States," Evils in government of cities in United States Executive departments, establishment of (see Departments). 146 152 Finances of cities, early unimportance of. Financial reports Fire department, origin of Franchises, see Municipal franchises. General ticket, election of Council by, in Program Goodnow, Frank J.: "Political Parties and City Government Under Grantees of municipal franchises, accounts of, in Program Harbor powers in Program Heads of departments, in Program, 169; at Council meetings, 202; per- 74 178 193 Illinois, general municipal corporations, act of, 135; special legisla- tion in 136 Individualism, evil of ... ...... PAGE 227 Injunction to restrain violation of civil-service law in Program... Judicial functions of colonial boroughs Lack of municipal public spirit in United States, reasons for Legislation, distinction of, from administration Legislative control of cities in United States, 147; evils of Legislative powers of colonial boroughs . 207 227 3 147 74 .47, 134 4 43 94 177 Legislature. a political body, 134; should not discharge administrative Local accounts, State examination of Local bills, under Program Local self-government, effect of Market powers in Program Mayor, colonial, 2; elected by people, when, 12; formerly elected, by 84 193 202 74 165, 182, 204 .155, 165, 180, 219 Municipal accounts, 72; under Program, 163; advantages of uniform, 93 Municipal bonds for profitable enterprises, in Program 178 Municipal civil service, in Program (See Civil service) 170 Municipal corporations act, in Program, 190; table of contents of..... 187 164 Municipal functions, early, 10; growth of, 14, 17, 27; exercise of, under 162 Municipal indebtedness, in Program .68, III, 178, 197 Municipal industrial enterprises, accounts of, in Program. .89, 97 79 |