the party is referred to his local library or school. As time goes on each city or village comes to have its local institution thru which full service can be received. The local school or library is not compelled to cooperate with the state bureau. It is, however, supported by the local community and has an obligation, usually recognized, to the public from which support comes. The local school or library is regarded, not as doing the work of the state bureau, but rather as receiving from the state an important aid in carrying out its own efforts to render the community larger service. A plan that is carried out in some states is to route pictures, usually films or lantern slides, in fixt sets. Such a plan is inconsistent with the fundamental conceptions now underlying the preparation and circulation of the New York State collection. It means that all borrowers receive the same combinations of pictures, tho evidently the purposes and immediate needs of different borrowers should, and actually do, vary; it means that the pictures are received by a particular community at a time determined by the routing order, when generally it would be better to have them at a time chosen by the borrower. Under the routing plan, having pictures for use tends to become an end in itself, while under the arrangement above described, they are selected and used as a means to an educational purpose locally determined. Routing gives a partial service, is less universal in its adaptation, and fails to respond to a scientific and orderly plan of instruction. Pictures intended for use with school classes or with larger groups of persons are most advantageously studied when projected upon a screen. For this purpose certain apparatus is required. It would seem to fall properly within the functions of a state bureau to determine the relative adaptability of various types of projection apparatus for the purposes it regards as most important to subserve. The bureau should possess the facilities and trained employes to make such a determination of the most suitable types of apparatus and to aid the establishment of proper standards. Too much projection apparatus now in the schools has been procured with the proceeds of candy sales and various entertainments, or earned in voting contests conducted by fairs or newspapers, and has been selected to satisfy the inexperienst judgment of an individual, or has been purchast on the advice of the sales agent. The apparatus feature of visual instruction will be satisfactory only when projection apparatus is purchast by the board of education the same as other equipment intended for the serious work of the institution. To proceed in any other way is to admit at the outset that visual instruction is without official recognition. Potentially, pictures are a very important educational agency. They may be made a remarkably interesting, accurate, and effective means of expressing ideas and material facts. Much needs yet to be done to develop judgment in selecting them and to establish a pedagogical method for their use. DISCUSSION CLARENCE M. ABBOTT, assistant secretary, Nation Board of Review of Motion Pictures, New York, N.Y.-It will be well for me, I believe, to speak very briefly concerning the work of the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. The National Board is composed of a very large number of men and women, many of them chosen from church, civic, and social organizations in New York City, who voluntarily pass upon the product of film-manufacturers. The Board views the motion pictures made by all American companies making regular releases. It estimates that it sees 99 per cent of all pictures exhibited in this country. Such pictures as it sees, it passes as a whole, or condemns, or passes subject to eliminations. Most pictures are of such character that they can be past without any change, but in a considerable number eliminations requested by the National Board are made by the manufacturers, and the films are then circulated for public use. In addition to this criticism of pictures, the National Board also does constructive work thru its children's department and in connection with the "Better-Films Movement." Altho computations show that 85 per cent of the individuals attending motion-picture performances are adults, it is important to provide amusement for children in motion pictures of a kind which can be subject to no criticism. In furthering this object the National Board selects pictures which are especially valuable for children, and also stimulates the organization of special performances for them. In order that there might be adequate reason for the selection of pictures for children, the National Board sent a questionnaire to over two hundred child psychologists, educators, and others working with children, asking them definite questions with reference to the reaction of motion pictures upon children, and invited their discussion of the general subject. The replies received were then condenst by the National Board into what it calls "Principles for the selection of children's pictures." These principles are elaborate, but explicit, and every picture viewed by the review committees of the Board is voted upon with reference to its availability for children. In addition, fifty members of the review committee are specially charged with the selection of these pictures. As the Board is in a very strong position to make both a wide and a wise selection of pictures, its recommendations are of value. The pictures which are chosen are listed in a monthly bulletin which is available for use upon request to the National Board. The "Better-Films Movement," which is being sponsored by the National Board, means the selection of pictures which are especially good for the family circle of father, mother, and children. These pictures are also chosen by committee members and are listed monthly. In addition, the National Board has printed a catalog called A Garden of American Motion Pictures, which contains a very wide selection of films of especially fine character. Included among them are many educational pictures. The National Board will be very glad to supply these pamphlets upon request and to correspond with any person or organization who may be interested in educational, or especially fine, films. DEPARTMENT OF CHILD HYGIENE SECRETARY'S MINUTES OFFICERS President-LINNAEUS N. HINES, superintendent of schools.... Crawfordsville, Ind. Vice-President-LEWIS M. TERMAN, associate professor of education, Leland Stanford Junior FIRST SESSION-THURSDAY FORENOON, JULY 6, 1917 The meeting was called to order by the president at 9:30 A.M., in the Sage Foundation Building. Papers were presented as follows: "The Work of the New York City Bureau of Child Hygiene"-S. Josephine Baker, M.D., director, bureau of child hygiene, department of health, New York, N.Y. "Social Aspects of School Hygiene"-Donald B. Armstrong, director, department of social welfare, New York Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, New York, N.Y. "A Practical Course of Study in Hygiene"-Francis M. Walters, State Normal School, Warrensburg, Mo. 'Child Hygiene, First Aid to the Uninjured"-Woods Hutchinson, president, American Academy of Medicine, New York, N.Y. The session closed with the appointment by the president of a committee on nominations. SECOND SESSION-SATURDAY FORENOON, JULY 8, 1916 A joint meeting with the American School Hygiene Association was opened in the Sage Foundation Building, at 9:30 A.M., by President Hines. The following themes were presented: Mass. "Schoolhouses and the Fire Hazard"-Frank Irving Cooper, architect, Boston, "The Teaching of Home Nursing and the Care of Children to Elementary and High-School Pupils"-Isabel M. Stewart, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. "The Physical Care of Rural-School Children"-Taliaferro Clark, surgeon, United States Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. "Cooperation in Health Administration"-Willard S. Small, principal, Eastern High School, Washington, D.C. "The New York System of School Hygiene"-I. H. Goldberger, M.D., assistant director of educational hygiene, Department of Education, New York, N.Y. President Hines then appointed the following committee to cooperate with similar committees of other organizations to prepare a report on the "Minimum Essential of Physical Education": Walter S. Cornell, M.D., director of medical inspection in the public schools, Philadelphia, Pa.; Lee L. Driver, county superintendent of schools, Winchester, Ind.; Francis M. Walters, professor, State Normal College, Warrensburg, Mo.; Willard S. Small, principal, Eastern High School, Washington, D.C.; Thomas A. Storey, M.D., College of the City of New York, New York, N.Y. Upon recommendation of the Committee on Nominations, the following persons were re-elected for the ensuing year: President Linnaeus N. Hines, superintendent of schools, Crawfordsville, Ind. Vice-President-Lewis M. Terman, associate professor of education, Leland Stanford Junior University, Stanford University, Cal. Secretary C. Ward Crampton, director, physical training, city schools, New York, N.Y. The meeting then adjourned. C. W. CRAMPTON, Secretary PAPERS AND DISCUSSIONS THE WORK OF THE NEW YORK CITY BUREAU OF S. JOSEPHINE BAKER, DIRECTOR, BUREAU OF CHILD HYGIENE, The New York City Bureau of Child Hygiene was the first to be establisht in the United States. It was created in 1908, and stands as a recognition of the policy that health in childhood is a government function, ranking in importance with compulsory education during childhood. This policy is no longer an isolated one, for at the present time at least five states and a large number of cities and towns have organized bureaus of child hygiene, under control of boards of health. The fundamental policy of the New York City Bureau of Child Hygiene has been, since its inception, (1) that it should include supervision of all activities relating to the health of all children of the city, from birth to adolescence, in so far as a municipality can control such conditions; (2) that these activities be so coordinated and correlated as to provide continuous and adequate supervision of child life and child health; (3) that the fundamental basis of all efforts of the bureau must be educational and preventive, that its prime object must be not only to keep children well, but to assure to them such vigorous health that they may become healthy adults; consequently corrective measures must be used only as temporary expedients; (4) that the social aspect of public-health work, in relation to children, is of primary importance and must be developt to the utmost extent. In all health work for children there are two points which must be emphasized: First, the recognition that we are dealing with an age group. Until such children were dealt with in a class by themselves, practically all health activities had a specialized object; that is, certain organizations were devoted to the control of tuberculosis, others to the reduction of infant mortality, and still others to the supervision of food-supplies or the |