MIDDLETON, DANIEL W. Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United

States, n. 197.

MILITARY arrest. Persons under, to be tried without delay, n. 276, p. 282, § 4.

MILITARY Commission. During the war could not try citizens in the loyal States, n. 260, p. 264. The sentences of, in the rebel States, how to be approved, n. 276, p. 282, § 4.

p. 252, § 1.
p. 284, § 2.
Their power
p. 286, § 1

MILITARY districts. Five created in the ten rebel States, n. 276, Duties of the commanders in the same, n. 276, 1 Supplementary Act, pp. 284, 255, § 3, 4. over the governments (2 Supplementary Act), Powers in, subject to the supervision of the commanding general, p. 286, § 2. The acts of the officers already done, certified, p. 287, § 4.

MILITARY law defined and classified, n. 260, p. 265. Congress can give the power to try those connected with the army and navy by military law, n. 254.

MILITARY and naval offenses may be punished in the manner practiced by civilized nations, n. 254.

MILITIA. Congress shall have power to provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions.....

Militia defined, notes 130, 135. The acts for calling them forth, n. 130, p. 134. The President must judge when he has the authority, Id. The militia is of the States, Id. Not subject to martial law until in actual service, n. 184. Declared national forces, n. 134, p. 136. Differences of opinion as to the constitutionality, Id. When called out they are subject to the articles of war, n. 135.

MILITIA. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States, respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress

These terms defined, n. 134. Acts of Congress upon the subject and its history, n. 185.

MILITIA. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States

The power of the President commences when that of the governors ceases, n. 175.

MILITIA. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments

This clause defined, n. 249. President Johnson's action,
n. 249.
MILITIA. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or
otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising
in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in
actual service, in time of war or public danger. Amend-
ments...

MINISTERS, public. (See Appointments--Ambassadors.).......
Public ministers defined, notes 180, 181.

MINISTERS, public. The President shall receive ambassadors and
other public ministers

MINISTERS. (See Ambassadors Consuls-Judicial Power.) MINNESOTA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of representatives, n. 24. Population in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to sixth judicial circuit, n. 197. Adinitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; the 14th, 275.

MISDEMEANORS. All civil officers shall be removed from office

32

on impeachment for, and conviction of misdemeanors, &c. 2

5

86, 185

Misdemeanors defined and distinguished from crimes and felony, n. 194. MISSISSIPPI. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of representatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70, Assigned to fifth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274. Rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the rebel States, n. 276, p. 282, § 1. Its government subject to military rule, Id. p. 286, § 1. Number of registered voters, n. 278. MISSOURI. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17. Number of representatives, n. 24. Population of, in each decade, n. 24. pp. 69, 70. Assigned to eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 18th amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.

MONARCHICAL government, as contradistinguished from republican governinent, n. 233, p. 243.

MONEY. Congress shall have power to borrow money on the credit of the United States.

Money defined, notes 83, 84. This carries the right to issue treasury notes and to make them legal tenders, n. 83. MONEY. Congress shall have power to coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin...

To coin money defined, n. 97. Money defined, n. 98. A history of regulating the value, n. 99. Legal tenders considered, n. 100.

MONEY. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall bo for a longer term than two years

(See Appropriations, n. 126.)

.....

MONEY. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in con-
sequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular
statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of
all public money shall be published from time to time....
MONEY. No State shall coin money.
MONROE, JAMES. President, n 166.
MORRIS, ROBERT, of Pennsylvania.

Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21. Signed the Con-
stitution, p. 42.

MORRIS, GOUV., of New York. Signed Articles of Confederation,
Of Pennsylvania. Signed Constitution, pp. 42,

P. 21.
252.

MORTON, JOHN, of Pennsylvania. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
NAMES of the members. The yeas and nays of the members of
either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of one-
fifth of those present, be entered on the journal..
NAMES of the signers of the Dec. of Ind. pp. 7, 8. Of the Articles
of Confederation, p. 21. Of the Constitution of the United
States, pp. 41, 42, 252. Of the States of the Union,
notes, 17, 24, 274, 275. Of the Speakers of the House of
Representatives, n. 26, p. 73. Of the presiding officers of
the Senate, n. 38. Of the Presidents of the United States,
n. 166, p. 163. Of the Vice-Presidents of the United
States, n. 37, pp. 77, 78. Of the Chief-Justices, n. 197, p.
192. Of the Associate Justices, n. 197, p. 193. Of the new
States admitted, n. 230, pp. 236, 237. Of the States which
ratified the Constitution, n. 243. Which ratified and re-
jected the 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274. And
14th amendment, n. 275. Of the ten rebel States, n. 276.
NATIONAL bank. The States have the right to tax the interest of
the shareholders, n. 74. The power of Congress to incor-
porate, notes 80, 138.

NATIONAL forces. All the citizens of the United States declared,
n. 135, p. 136. The constitutionality of this denied and
affirmed. Id. and n. 125, p. 132.

NATIONAL government. (See Government.)

NATIONAL securities.

A statement of, n. 78, p. 99. The States
have no right to tax them, n. 84.
NATIVE born of Louisiana became citizens, n. 220, § 3. All born
in the allegiance of the United States are native born,
n. 274.

NATURAL born citizens. No person, except a natural born citizen,
or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption
of this Constitution, shall be eligible to office of President.
Not made by law or otherwise; born, n. 169. Every
person born in the country is at the moment of birth
prima facie a citizen, notes 169, 274, p. 224. (See Citizen
notes 220, 274.
NATURALIZATION. Congress shall have power to establish an uni-
form rule of naturalization

Naturalization defined, n. 98. Its effects, Id. The power in Congress is exclusive, Id. Who may be naturalized, Id. p. 113, and note 274, pp. 274, 275, All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside (see Citizens), Art. XIV. pp. 1, 48.) NAVAL forces. Congress shall have power to make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces... (For these rules, see n. 129.) This power under the Confederation, Art. IX., p. 14.

NAVAL forces. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, &c. Amendments.

This compared with the last recited power and the navy, n. 254. Congress may punish offenses in the army and navy, n. 254. Such sentences are beyond the jurisdiction of the courts, Id. Congress may fix the promotions in, n. 184, p. 181.

NAVIGABLE waters. The entire, of the United States, covered by
the admiralty jurisdiction, n. 203. Without regard to the
ebb and flow of the ocean, Id. Congress may regulate
bridges over, n. 89, p. 108.

NAVIGATION. Included by the term commerce, notes 86, 89, 274.
NAVY. Congress shall have power to provide and maintain a navy.
To provide and maintain defined, n. 127. Navy defined,
n. 128.

NAVY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army
and navy

(See Commander-in-chief, n. 175.)

NEBRASKA. Rule of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62. Number of inhabitants in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th constitutional amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.

NECESSARY. Congress shall have power to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper

...

Necessary defined and criticised, n. 188, p. 139. Compared with appropriate, n. 274. Compared with absolutely necessary, notes 138, 162.

NECESSARY. The President shall, from time to time, recommend to Congress such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient

NECESSARY. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses
shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this
Constitution, &c..

NECESSARY. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the secu-
rity of a free State, the right of the people to keep and
bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments...
(See Militia.)

NELSON, Jr., THOMAS, of Virginia. Signed Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
NEVADA. Rule of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62. Number of inhabitants
in 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Assigned to ninth judicial circuit,
n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the
18th constitutional amendment, n. 274. The 14th, n. 275.

One of the Con-
Signed the Con-

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7.
federation, p. 9. Signed the same, p. 21.
stitution of the United States, p. 41. Rule of suffrage in,
n. 17, p. 62.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Entitled to three representatives in the first
Congress.

Three by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population
under each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70, 71. Assigned to the first
judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ratified the 18th amend-
ment, n. 274. The 14th, n. 275.

NEW JERSEY. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7. One of the Con-
federation, p. 9. Signed the Articles of Confederation,
p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United States, pp.
41, 252. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 62.
NEW JERSEY. Entitled to four representatives in first Congress..
Three by the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69. Population
under each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70, 71. Assigned to the
first judicial circuit, n. 197, p. 192. Ratified the 13th
amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275

NEW States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union....
New States defined, n. 229. Under the Articles of Con-
federation, Art. XI. p. 19. The Confederate States Consti-
tution prepared, n. 229. A list of new States, and the con-

secutive dates of their admission, n. 230. The effect of
enabling acts and of the Constitution, n. 230,

NEW YORK. Signed the declaration of Independence, p. 7. One
of the States of the Confederation, p. 9. Signed the articles
thereof, p. 21. Signed the Constitution of the United
S ates, pp. 42, 252. Qualification of voters in, n. 17., p. 63.
NEW YORK. Entitled to six represent atives in first Congress...

To th rty-one under the census of 1860, n. 24, p. 69.
Population under each decade, pp. 69, 70. Assigned to the
second judicial circuit, n. 197. Ratified the 13th consti-
tutional amendment, n. 274; the 14th, n. 275.

NOBILITY. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United
States..

Nobility defined, n. 150. The reason given, Id.
NOBILITY. No State shall grant any title of nobility..
NOMINATE. The President shall nominate, and, by and with the
advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint ambassa-
dors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States,
whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided
for, and which shall be established by law

Nominate defined, n. 179.

NULLIFICATION and secession have the same poisonous root, Pref. p. vii.

OATH or affirmation. Senators when sitting to try impeachments shall be on oath or affirmation...

The oath in Chase's trial, n. 39.

OATH of the President of the United States. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear or affirm, that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States."

This constitutes the President, above all other officers, the guardian, protector, and defender of the Constitution, n. 74. OATH or affirmation. The senators and representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution, but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States...

The oath prescribed by the act of 1789, n. 242. May be enlarged, Id. and n. 46. It binds the citizens and the States to support the Constitution, Id. The test oath of 1862, Id. Declared unconstitutional as to attorneys in certain cases, n. 242. Required of members from the rebel States, n. 274, p. 283, § 5. The oath explained, Id. p. 287, § 6

OATH or affirmation. No warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation. Amendments... OATH of voters in the rebel States, n. 286, p. 284, § 1.

(See Affirmation.)

OBJECTIONS of the President to bills. OBLIGATION of contracts. No State the obligation of contracts

Remark upon this, n. 152. What laws enter into the obligation of the contract, n. 157. (See Contracts, notes 157, 158, 159, 160, 161.)

OCCASIONS. The President may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses of Congress, or either of them.. OFFENSE. Nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. Amendments... (See Jeopardy.) Offense defined, n. 194.

OFFENSES against the law of nations may be defined and punished by Congress....

Some of these offenses are not crimes, n. 115. The term criticised, Id. and n. 194. (See Law of Nations, n. 116.)

OFFENSES. The President shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States....

(See Reprieve-Pardon.)

OFFENSES against the laws of war must be dealt with by the same laws, n. 115........

OFFICE. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit, under the United States...

OFFICE.

OFFICE.

It has been doubted if it should fall short of removal from office, n. 40.

No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time..

The acceptance of an incompatible office vacates the seat, notes 62-63. As a collector cannot also be an inspector, n. 63.

No person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house of Congress during his continuance in office..

The acceptance of an incompatible office vacates the
first, n. 63.

OFFICE of the government. Congress shall have power to make all
laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers
vested by this Constitution in the government of the
United States, or in any department or officer thereof...
OFFICE. No person holding any office of profit or trust under the
United States, shall, without the consent of the Congress,
accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any
kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State....
This does not extend to private citizens, n. 151.
OFFICE. The President shall hold his office during the term of
four years, and the Vice-President chosen for the same
time...

It was argued that the office being for a term of years,
the President could not be subject to the rule of good
behavior applicable to judges, n. 194.

OFFICE. No person holding an office of trust or profit under the