This is not all the provision which the importance of the case demands; but it may be of great use till a more disinterested tribunal can be established for the settlement of national controversies. As the Constitution now stands

in regard to making war, it is difficult to perceive one feature of either christianity, precaution, impartiality of civilization.

HORRORS OF WAR AT LEIPZIG, 1813.

THE nearer you approached to the Ranstadt gate, the thicker lay the dead bodies. The Ranstadt causeway, which is crossed by what is called the Muhlgraben (mill dam,) exhibited a spectacle peculiarly horrid. Men and horses were every where to be seen, driven into the water, they had found their grave in it, and projected in hideous groups above its surface. Here the storming columns from all the gates, guided by the fleeing foe, had for the most part united, and had found a sure mark for every shot in the closely crowded masses of the enemy. But the most dreadful sight of all was that which presented itself. in the beautiful Richters garden, once the ornament of the city on that side where it joins the Elster. All along the bank, heads, arms, and feet appeared above the water. Numbers in attempting to ford the treacherous river, had there perished.

The smoking ruins of whole villages and towns, or extensive tracts laid waste by inundations, exhibit a melancholy spectacle, but a field of battle is assuredly the most shocking sight that eye can ever behold. Here all kinds of horrors are united; here death reaps his richest harvest, and revels amid a thousand forms of human suffering. The whole area has of itself a peculiar and repulsive physiognomy, resulting from such a variety of heterogeneous objects as are no where else found together. The relics of torches, the littered and trampled straw, the bones

and flesh of slaughtered animals, fragments of plates, a thousand articles of leather, tattered cartouch boxes, old rags, clothes thrown away, all kinds of harness, broken muskets, shattered waggons and carts, weapons of all sorts, thousands of dead and dying, horribly mangled bodies of men and horses, and all these intermingled! I shudder whenever I recall to memory this scene, which for the world I would not again behold. Such however was the spectacle that presented itself in all directions; so that a person who had before seen the environs of Leipzig, would not have known them again in their present state. Barriers, gardens, parks, hedges and walks were alike destroyed and swept away. The appearance of Richters garden was a fair specimen of the aspect of all the others. Among these the beautiful one of Lohr was particularly remarkable. Here French artillery had been stationed towards Gohlis; and here both horses and men had suffered most severely. The magnificent buildings, in the Grecian style, seemed mournfully to overlook their late agreeable, now devastated groves, enlivened in spring by the warbling of hundreds of nightingales, but where now nothing was to be heard, save the loud groans of the dying. The dark alleys, summer houses and arbours so often resorted to for recreation, social pleasures, or silent meditation, were now the haunts of death, the abode of agony and despair. The gardens, so late a paradise, were transformed into the seat of corruption and pestilential putridity.

The French hospitals which we had constantly had here. since the beginning of the year, and which had increased to such a degree as to contain upwards of 20,000 sick and wounded-may be considered as a malignant cancer, that keeps eating farther and farther, and consuming the vital juices. It was these that introduced among us a dreadfully destructive nervous fever, which had increased the mortality of the inhabitants to near double its usual amount.

Previously to the battle of Leipzig the state of the inmates of these pestilential dens, these abodes of misery, (hospitals) was deplorable enough, as they were continually becoming more crowded and enlarged. Many of the persons attached to them, and in particular many a valuable and experienced medical man, carried from them the seeds of death into the bosom of his family.

The distress had arrived at its highest pitch, when the thousands from the field of battle applied there for relief. Not even bread could any longer be dispensed to these unfortunates. Many wandered about without any kind of shelter. Then did we witness scenes which would have thrilled the most obdurate cannibals with horror. Thousands of ghostly figures staggered along the streets, begging at every window and at every door; and seldom indeed had Compassion to give. These, however, were ordinary, familiar spectacles. Neither was it rare to see one of the emaciated wretches picking up the dirtiest bones, and eagerly gnawing them; nay, even the smallest crumb of bread which had chanced to be thrown into the street, as well as apple parings, and cabbage stalks, were voraciously devoured. But hunger did not confine itself within these disgusting limits. More than twenty eye-witnesses can attest that wounded French soldiers crawled to the already putrid carcases of horses, with some blunt knife or other contrived with their feeble hands to cut the flesh from the haunches, and greedily regaled themselves with the carrion. They were glad to appease their hunger with what the raven and the kite never feed on but in cases of necessity. They even tore the flesh from human limbs, and broiled it to satisfy the cravings of appetite; nay, what is almost incredible, the very dung-hills were searched for undigested fragments to devour!

The preceding sketches have been collected by a friend, from the "Narrative" o; FREDERIC SHOBERL, who was a resident at Leipzig and an eye-witness of the horrors he

describes. It is by producing scenes like these that warriors obtain renown! Let the inhabitants of our cities remember, that to such horrors they or their children will ever be exposed so long as war retains its present popularity. Let the advocates for a war policy ponder and pause and tremble at the thought of encouraging a custom which thus fills the abodes of men with the horrors of hell. And let every friend of peace resolve, that he will withhold no expense or exertion which may be necessary to diffuse the principles of peace through every country inhabited by

man.

LOSS OF LIVES IN THE LATE WAR.

IT has been recently stated in Congress, that at the close of the late war we had in military service 34,000 men ; that the number who died in the service or were killed in battle was 17,000-making an aggregate of 51,000—one third of whom perished during the war!

The apathy with which such accounts are stated, read and heard, is truly astonishing. The casual oversetting of a stage or a ferry boat and the consequent death of two or three members of Congress would probably be stated, read and heard with greater emotion and sympathy, except by the near relations of the victims of war. The 17,000 perhaps does not include those who perished in the navy, and certainly not those who perished on the part of Great Britain. Whether their loss was greater or less than ours I have not the means of ascertaining.

That we may have a more impressive view of the loss of 17,000 men, let it be supposed that this havoc of lives had fallen on the adult males in Boston, Chelsea, Charlestown, Cambridge, Brighton, Brookline, Roxbury and Dorchester; how many males above 16 years of age would have been left alive in these towns? Probably not one!

Again, suppose that the 17,000 had comprised the Pre

sident of the United States, the several Heads of Department, the members of the two Houses of Congress, the Governors and the members of the Legislatures of the several States; what then would have been thought of the sacrifice of 17,000 lives? What did we gain by the war to place in the balance against the loss of so many brethren ? Having said that we occasioned as much loss to Great Britain as they did to us, and proved "in the face of the world" that, according to our age and numbers, we possess as much of the spirit of war and revenge, as even Great Britain herself-what have we to add which will balance the loss of a single life? Let the reader imagine his own life to be the one, and then answer the question.

Still I believe that the late war was as just, as necessary and as profitable as wars in general. The preceding observations have not been made to represent the people of this country as more unwise than their brethren of other nations; but to excite such attention to the effects of the late war as shall be adapted to prevent another, and to prolong the blessings of peace.

It is within the memory of man, that the small pox made terrible ravages in Europe and America. Seldom however, we believe, did it carry off 17,000 of 51,000 in any place where it prevailed. Inoculation for the same disease was introduced as less dangerous than taking it the natural way. For a long time this remedy was opposed as wicked and dangerous; at length prejudice yielded to the evidence of truth and facts. At a period still more recent vaccination has been substituted as better than the former mode of inoculation. This also had to encounter strong opposition from the united forces of ignorance, prejudice and interest; but it maintained its ground, and has finally triumphed. But neither the small pox, nor the yellow fever, nor the plague, nor all these maladies together, have occasioned half so much havoc of human life as the moral disease called the war spirit. An attempt is now