lysis of the lungs." By this unusual, but not inapt term they intended to designate that complete obliteration of function. which we see in such lungs as these; and the emperor's illness was of the same nature as I am quoting three examples of today, namely, inflammation-a partial death-of the bronchial mucous membrane resulting in obliteration of function. It arose too under the same circumstances of exposure to severe dry frost during a catarrh.

People were surprised at the rapid sinking of a man so remarkably muscular and strong as our gallant enemy. But I happened at that very time to be called to see a country clergyman of large frame and great height, who sank in the same way from fatal bronchial catarrh, brought on by exposure during a cold on the chest. So that I felt less surprise than others. And I am rather disposed to think that big burly people, once severely smitten, yield to the disease with more than ordinary rapidity.

I have noticed in the second case, how anxious I was to prevent the man from going out in the cold after we had once got him up into the ward. My reason was a feeling of the extreme danger not only of the extension of the catarrhal state which is brought about by cold air, but also of the penetration of the inflammation to the tissue of the lung (lobular or catarrhal broncho-pneumonia). Of the two ways by which inflammation penetrates to the lungs, from the inside or the outside, the former is much the worst. I have no doubt but what it was the unfortunate independence of control, which is a necessary part of sovereignty, that destroyed the emperor. He was determined to go on with his duties, come what might, and nobody's will was strong enough to say, "We will not let you."

Any disease which has previously limited the area of available lung increases very much the danger of capillary catarrh. In the patient who is my present text the atrophied state of the lower right lobe, the ancient tuberculosis of the upper, and the possibly prevenient emphysema of parts of the left lung took away her chances of renewed life. Had I been aware of them all, I should have given a still more unfavorable prognosis than even the symptoms made me give.

I applied the epithet "possibly prevenient" to the emphysematous state of the pulmonary tissue. I did this because the patient had given us during life some broken history of shortness of breath affecting her for a considerable period, and it would be difficult to say that this degenerated condition of the lung membrane had not existed as its cause. But I said "possibly," because in fatal cases of capillary catarrh emphysema is so often found, even in patients previously healthy, that it certainly must be a consequence, and not the origin, of the complaint. This is especially the case in infants, whose lungs, when they die of bronchial catarrh or of broncho-pneumonia, are almost invariably highly emphysematous; a state of things which their age and previous good health show to be capable of very apid development.

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lysis of the lungs." By this unusual, but not inapt term they intended to designate that complete obliteration of function which we see in such lungs as these; and the emperor's illness was of the same nature as I am quoting three examples of today, namely, inflammation-a partial death-of the bronchial mucous membrane resulting in obliteration of function. It arose too under the same circumstances of exposure to severe dry frost during a catarrh.

People were surprised at the rapid sinking of a man so remarkably muscular and strong as our gallant enemy. But I happened at that very time to be called to see a country clergyman of large frame and great height, who sank in the same way from fatal bronchial catarrh, brought on by exposure during a cold on the chest. So that I felt less surprise than others. And I am rather disposed to think that big burly people, once severely smitten, yield to the disease with more than ordinary rapidity.

I have noticed in the second case, how anxious I was to prevent the man from going out in the cold after we had once got him up into the ward. My reason was a feeling of the extreme danger not only of the extension of the catarrhal state which is brought about by cold air, but also of the penetration of the inflammation to the tissue of the lung (lobular or catarrhal broncho-pneumonia). Of the two ways by which inflammation penetrates to the lungs, from the inside or the outside, the former is much the worst. I have no doubt but what it was the unfortunate independence of control, which is a necessary part of sovereignty, that destroyed the emperor. He was determined to go on with his duties, come what might, and nobody's will was strong enough to say, "We will not let you."

Any disease which has previously limited the area of available lung increases very much the danger of capillary catarrh. In the patient who is my present text the atrophied state of the lower right lobe, the ancient tuberculosis of the upper, and the possibly prevenient emphysema of parts of the left lung took away her chances of renewed life. Had I been aware of them all, I should have given a still more unfavorable prognosis than even the symptoms made me give.

I applied the epithet "possibly prevenient" to the emphysematous state of the pulmonary tissue. I did this because the patient had given us during life some broken history of shortness of breath affecting her for a considerable period, and it would be difficult to say that this degenerated condition of the lung membrane had not existed as its cause. But I said "possibly," because in fatal cases of capillary catarrh emphysema is so often found, even in patients previously healthy, that it certainly must be a consequence, and not the origin, of the complaint. This is especially the case in infants, whose lungs, when they die of bronchial catarrh or of broncho-pneumonia, are almost invariably highly emphysematous; a state of things which their age and previous good health show to be capable of very apid development.

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LECTURE XX.

PNEUMONIA.

Three cases of pneumonia-1. Frank uncomplicated double pneumonia in a temperate man, with excessive dyspnœa-Cured with venesection, jacket poultice, continuous feeding and wine. 2. Pneumonia of upper and lower lobes of one lung, very slight in the other lung, in a broken-down old man-Cured with cupping, jacket poultice, continuous feeding and wine. 3. Congestive pneumonia of lower lobe in typh-fever-Cured with half-jacket poultice, cutting beneath scapula, continuous feeding, wine and bark. Commentary-Pathology of pneumonia—Importance in proportion to quantity of tissue involved, not to stage of progressHence the value of a ready and quick means of checking its progress-Bloodletting-Action of it- General and local compared-Ill effects of loss of blood-Mode of judging of the necessity for it-Compensation for it-Poultices-their Action -Especially adapted for infants-How to make them-Alcohol, when required—Effect of position in the pneumonia of typh-fever—Bloodletting— Purgatives — Blisters—Antimony and mercury.

(Clinical, St. Mary's, May 10, 1862.)

THERE have been three patients under my care in the Albert Ward this week to whom I have drawn your attention, as illustrative of the most common phases under which we have to treat pneumonia in the adult.

No. 1 is a case of frank uncomplicated inflammation of the pulmonary tissue.

R. G., aged twenty-one, a very steady and temperate police