they ranged from 45s. to 65s. One prime lot bought for Newcastle-upon-Tyne, fetched 70s.

GLASGOW, (Wednesday last.)—The arrivals of cheese not large for the week, but the stock lying over keeps the market full. About 13 tons passed the weigh-house scales. Prices of secondary qualities in favour of buyers, but good Dunlop keeps firm. Dunlop old, 56s. to 59s.; ditto new, 458. to 50.; Cheddar-made, 50s. to 55s.; Skim milk, 17s. to 19s.

per cwt.

CORK BUTTER EXCHANGE, (Saturday last.)—The supplies continue heavy, but the demand is equal to the supply. This week the average was about 2,000 daily. Firsts remained unaltered at 101s., seconds more steady at 978., and thirds fell from 84s. to 83s. The quality of the Butter arriving is deteriorating, there being a remarkable falling off recently in first and second qualities, while the proportion of inferior qualities is increasing. In light salt, the average daily receipt is about 20 firkins. Its price remains steady at 110s. and 102s. for firsts and seconds, but thirds fell from 928. to 878. The severity of the weather is against its make, and the supply will diminish for the rest of the season.

SCOTCH WOOL SALES-The fourth series of these sales has just been concluded, having extended over three days. The quantity offered was as under: About 1,600 bales white Cheviot and half-bred; 2,700 bales laid Cheviot; 600 bales white Highland; 600 bales laid Highland; 550 bales sundries; 6,100 bales in all, being more than was generally expected, owing to the active demand prevailing since the September sales, and the comparatively small stock of wool believed to be remaining in first hands. The attendance was not so large as at former sales this season, and biddings less spirited. At this period such holding back is not unusual, as buyers generally prefer to run their stocks low towards the close of the year, consequently a considerable quantity of the wool on show had to be withdrawn. Prices ruled much the same as at the September sales, with the exception of laid Cheviot, which was improved in price, and is now in better demand than formerly. bred hogg 383. to 44s. per stone; white Cheviot 34s. to 38s.; white Cheviot hogg 388. to 41s. 6d., laid Cheviot, washed, 248. to 30s. 6d. : laid Cheviot, unwashed, 21s. to 25s.; white Highland, washed, 23s. to 26s. 6d.; white Highland, unwashed, 21s. to 248.; laid Highland, unwashed, 158., to 17s. 6d.-CRAWFORD, Cree, and Co,

Half

ANNUAL SALE OF STOCK AT MALAHIDE

CASTLE.-On Wednesday, Oct. 29, the annual sale of agricultural stock took place at Malahide Castle, the ancient seat of Lord Talbot de Malahide. The pure short-horned stock brought tolerably remunerative prices. The first set up was the celebrated prize bull Priam, which brought but 29 gs., which was very much under his lowest value, even for the butcher. Victor Emmanuel, little over two years old, a winner of four first prizes, was sold cheap at 70 gs. ; the coWS and heifers ranging from 17 to 34 gs., and the fat and store stock brought very handsome prices. Though the shorthorns did not produce anything very wonderful during the contest, the sheep were very keenly contested for, two and three-year-old Leicester breeding ewes bringing £4 4s. per head on the average for 25; one lot of 5 going for £5 per head. Hogget Leicester ewes brought from £3 to £4 18s. each, Leicester ewe lambs 55s. to £4 each, and ram lambs from £3 12s. to £3 17s. 6d. each. Half-bred Leicester ewe lambs brought, on the sale of the first lot, 44s. each, and the buyer made a clean sweep of the entire lots, consisting of 39 animals, at that price. The day was beautifully fine, and the sale, as usual, intrusted to Messrs. Ganley, Sons, and Parker.-Irish Farmers' Gazette.

SALE OF THE WEST RASEN HERD.--This herd of shorthorns, which has had some success at the Lincolnshire shows, was sold by Mr. Wetherell, on Wednesday, Nov. 12, by order of the assignees of Mr. William Smith. Mr. Booth's Harbinger, Prince George, Windsor, Windsor 2nd, Highthorne, and General Hopewell, had all been used in it, but the last sale had been too recent to lead to the expectation of anything like high prices. Edith by Monzani, and now upwards of fifteen years old, was not sold; but her white calf, Evelina by General Hopewell, proved the hignest lot (100 gs.)

at the sale, and was knocked down to Mr. Eastwood. Capt. Spencer bought Gipsy Girl, a combination of Highthorne, Prince George, and Hamlet, for 54 gs.; Sir A. de Rothschild gave 27 gs. for Vesta of the same tribe; and Messrs. Ambler, Ashton, Lamb, Roberts, Smith, Bromett, Trotter, Took, Davy, Moss, Dudding, and Baker were purchasers. The highest bull price was 82 gs., given by Mr. Woodward for the calf Viceroy by General Hopewell. The 43 female lots averaged about 27 gs., and the bulls 33 gs.; and the sum total of the sale was 1,422 gs.

SALE OF HEREFORD STOCK.-Castor (1900) has left the herd of Mr. Duckham (where he has done good service for two seasons) for the far west: he is now the property of Mr. R. Davy, M.P. for West Cornwall. Castor was by the celebrated bull Sir Benjamin (1387), dam Spot by Cholstrey (217), g. d. Spot by Hope (439), and combines in a peculiar degree the best of the red with white face, the light and dark grey and mottled-faced blood. Although in appearance rather short, yet his great substance, heavy flesh, and depth of rib, enabled him to weigh down 17 cwt. when leaving the abode of the past two years, and only three years old. Mr. Bedford's prize steer, after winning at Leominster, Hereford, and Bromyard, is gone to the stalls of the Earl of Shrewsbury, to be trained on for the New Hall at Islington in 1863. Mr. Turner's Percy (2155), second winner at Battersea and Hereford, and first at LeoMaes-Mawr, for £80. minster, is gone to Breconshire, to the herd of Mr. Downes,

MOUNTBLANEY SALE OF SHORTHORNS.-Mr. Morrison's sale averaged as follows: The ten cows realized £277 48., the average of each being about £27 78. The twoyear olds averaged £28 78. 6d.; the one-year-olds, £23 31.; the five heifer calves, £19 28. odd, and the three bull calves £20 68. Altogether, the amount realized by the shorthorned cattle was £585 18s. The sheep was a very brisk sale, and fetched high prices. The Leicester ewes were bought by Mr. Murray, Methlic, at prices from 26s. to 32s. 6d. each, 29s. 6d. being the average. Forty Southdowns sold at from 30s. 6d. to 35s. 6d. each. The purchasers were Mr. Murray, five at 32s.; Mr. G. Hadden, Coburty, five at 35s. 6d., and at 31s. 6d.; Mr. H. A. Rannie, of Greenlaw, five at 31s. 6d.; Mr. Cruickshank, Comisty, five at 30s. 6d., and five at 32s.; and Mr. Ronaldson, Little Gight, five at 30s. 6d., and five at 33s. 6d. Mr. Murray had five shearlings at 20s.; Mr. H. A. Rannie, five at 22.; Mr. Cruickshank, Comisty, five at 29s.; and Mr. Williamson, Newton, four at 28s.

A MODEL COW.-Mr. Charles Howard's shorthorn cow, Leeds, and one of which took the first prize, produced on Lady Selina Spencer, the dam of the twin bull calves shewn at Wednesday evening last another pair of bull calves, of good colours, so that at under four years and four months old she has brought five live calves. Lady Selina took a prize at the recent show at Leighton Buzzard, and thus admirably combines good pedigree, breeding qualities, and fashionable ap

pearance.

THE NUMBER OF HORSES TO BE EMPLOYED ON A FARM.-REPLY TO E. S. H.-Local customs as well as different modes of farming render it difficult to give a decisive reply to the question. Two hundred acres of arable land of the description given of his friend's farm by S.H." will require at least three ploughs, with such a number of horses to each as the custom of the country renders necessary. In Norfolk, where the soil is light or mixed, three ploughs, drawn by two horses each-say six horses and a supernumerary one-would be amply sufficient for the ordinary work on two hundred acres. But the strong clay soil of Kent, especially if not drained, requires more tillage, and is more difficult to till, than light or even well-drained clay land. Much also depends on the mode in which it is intended to farm-whether on the four, five, or six-shift husbandry, and whether the clover leys will stand two years or be broken up and sown the first, which latter increases the labour. Improvements, also, on first entering upon a farm, increase the amount of work for horses. But if three and four of these are employed in each plough, there ought to be quite a sufficiency of horse-power attached to three ploughs to do all the work of the farm of 370 acres, of which only 200 acres are arable land-say from ten to twelve horses.

With a double allowance of rain in October, a dry November was of the utmost importance to complete the autumnal sowings in England, and the gatherings in Scotland and Ireland. With some exceptions in the second week, this blessing has been granted, and we have had the super-addition of a smart frost, helping the condition of the samples and pulverising the intractable clays. Some unfortunately low and sodden districts yet remain unsown, but they will probably be soon ready for seeding, and the whole work done before Christmas. We are now more in condition to estimate the crops of the United Kingdom, but our better acquaintance with the subject only brings us to more unfavourable conclusions. English farmers are less satisfied, but those in Scotland and Ireland are very badly off. There is no crop but oats comes near the mark in the north, while the whole produce of the sister-island is inferior and defective, including that great staple of the country" potatoes."

Yet all corn has been declining in value, foreign importations continuing on such an unprecedented scale as to make the procuring of granary room for the surplus stores a difficulty. The month has brought a reduction in wheat in the port of London of about 3s. per qr., but country markets have scarcely yielded in the same proportion, and even in Mark-lane the last Monday showed symptoms of the lowest point being reached. Under the idea that England would again be largely in want, the Baltic and Black Sea markets, as well as those of the Mediterranean, at first kept up former rates; but with American supplies constantly pouring in, they have eventually given way somewhat, but not so as to meet English prices, or to recompense importers. In fact, the whole corn trade has of late been a losing concern, and though growers here may have reason to complain both of their yield and the prices realised, the competition among importers has left the public alone to reap the benefit of their enterprise. This suits the present distress in the north and the general state of trade; but for one class to profit to another's injury is to be lamented.

What of the future? is the question to which all minds turn; and though mental vision, like the human eye, is unfitted for long distances, we cannot but think present appearances indicate a probability of higher prices. With an early frost here, we find it equally so in the Baltic, with every expectation of a speedy closing. New York, the great emporium for Europe, has been so free in exports that much less will be stored, and prices there, notwithstanding the irritating captures of the Alabama, have lately been improving, and partly from orders from Chicago, the great store-house of the west, on speculation. The disastrous withdrawal of labour by the present reckless war can

|

not fail to leave much field-work permanently in arrears, and in vain shall we look for plenty from uncultivated wastes. Peace may yet ward off the threats of local famine, and as the bulk of the wheat crop is of spring growth in the west, there is time to resume cultivation, though with diminished hands; but if the mad spirit of revenge and wounded pride is to continue in the ascendant, we shall have to revert to the resources of Europe as in former days. And as every market there is regulated by telegraphic reports from London, so there can be no advance here which is not instantly followed by its equivalent abroad. Odessa has had supplies from the interior later than expected, but these must now have ceased, and there, as well as in the Danubian Principalities, prices have lately hardened. Moreover, we are now 10s. 6d. per qr. lower than last year.

The following rates have been recently quoted for wheat at the several places named: Fine white wheat at Paris was worth about 56s. per qr., American red at Havre 54s., and some cargoes off the coast here have been taken for this port. At Amsterdam fine Polish was worth 58s. to 59s. per qr., at Brussels 58s.; native wheat at Cologne 50s.; Saale and Mecklenburg at Hambro' 48s. to 50s.; new nigh-mixed at Danzig 50s. to 53s.; new at Straubing 46s.; good soft wheat at Galatz 37s. per qr.; prices at Odessa ranged from 27s. to 41s.; Banat at Trieste 44s. Extraordinary fluctuations had obtained at New York, from the state of the exchanges and the activity of the Alabama, rates closing higher from speculative inquiry. Good amber spring was last quoted at 1 d. 36 c per bush., say at 144 exchange (36s. per qr.), red winter, 1 d. 46 c. (38s. 6d. per qr. of 480lbs.), at Milwaukie spring samples were to 95 c. per bush. (258. 2d.), winter to 104 cents (27s. 5d.-all per qr. of 480lbs.) The telegraphic wires influencing perpetual change.

The first Monday in Mark-lane opened on a moderate English supply, but the foreign arrivals were very heavy, over 40,000 qrs. being from America alone. But little during the morning was sent up by the Kentish and Essex farmers, and its poor condition kept millers aloof. The few lots that were fine and dry went off slowly at former rates, but the rest were passed by. The quantity of foreign pressed on the market lowered the rates of red American 1s. per qr., but the higher qualities and such as were in granary were not offered at less money. Floating cargoes were, however, no cheaper. The week having been damp and foggy, the country markets were but thinly attended, the weather affecting the condition of samples and increasing the difficulty of sales. Hull, Birminghiam, Gloucester, Newark, and several other places noted a decline of 1s. per qr.; and Rochester was down 1s. to 2s. per qr. Liverpool on Tuesday

made sales of American red at a decline of 3d. to 4d. per cental, and other sorts were rather in buyers' favour, but the week finished without further change.

The second Monday had about the same moderate quantity of home-growth, and though the foreign supply was diminished by 10,000 qrs., it was still heavy, though only about half the previous quantity came from America. Few samples were sent up from the near counties, and these in but poor order. The best dry lots, though exceedingly scarce, were about 18. per qr. lower, and the average decline was 1s. to 2s. on the rest, with very little done. A further fall on foreign red wheat was also noted, the best sorts being 1s. per qr. lower, and low qualities were down 2s. per qr. The entire business done was quite on a small scale. Cargoes afloat not being numerous, were held on previous terms. The country as by a necessity followed the town decline in many important places: among them were Hull, Barnsley, Bury St. Edmunds, Ipswich, Newbury, and Rochester. At Manchester, Sheffield, Stockton, and most of the Lincolnshire markets the fall was only 1s. per qr., and the last markets of the week varied from 1s. to 2s. per qr. Liverpool was firmer than other places, no alteration being noted in either market. Wheat was dull at Edinburgh, and 1s. lower at Glasgow; but Dublin, from the smallness of the homesupply and its inferior quality, preserved the price of foreign.

On the third Monday was the heaviest foreign supply of the month, over 83,000 grs. being reported, chiefly from the Baltic. Very little was sent up this morning from the near counties, but with some overleft there was about the usual show of samples. To sell on such foreign arrivals was found impossible without a further reduction of 18. to 2s. per qr., and even then buyers were very leisurely in their operations. A good portion of the foreign being from Dantzic and Konigsberg, these sorts, which hitherto had kept out pretty well from the downward tide, were influenced 2s. per qr., while the red sorts, which had been constantly in it, had a further reduction of 1s. per qr. Still there being a demand for cargoes off the coast, these commanded about former rates. The immense arrivals, and reports of a further fall in London, again brought about a similar result in the outports, and some leading markets of the interior. Hull and Market Rasen noted a reduction of full 2s. per qr. Bristol, Gloucester, and several Lincolnshire markets were only down 1s., but more generally the decline was equal to that of London, say, 1s. to 2s. per qr. Liverpool on Tuesday was only 1d. to 2d. per cental cheaper, with no subsequent change. Glasgow again fell 18. per qr., and Edinburgh about as much; but the scarcity of dry samples at Dublin enabled holders to obtain former rates for such, the rest being utterly rejected.

The last Monday, though still overdone with foreign samples, was in amount about 20,000 qrs. less, the English supply being about as much as all through the month. But less was sent up for sale from Kent and Essex, farmers apparently being tired of such unprofitable results. The weather

having been clearer and frosty, the samples were in improved condition, and as the opinion seemed gaining ground that about the lowest point was reached, a better demand was experienced, though it was far from brisk, at former rates for everything good. During the week previous some low sales of American red were made ex ship; but buyers on this day found the market rather against them for such qualities. There was, indeed, a fair attendance from the country, and a good amount of business transacted at previous rates, though not enough demand to prevent the necessity of landing the bulk arrived. Prices this week were generally supported in the country, Hull, Ipswich, and some other places being 1s. per qr. dearer.

The imports for the four weeks into London were, in English qualities 21,386 qrs., in foreign 253,159 qrs, against 28,961 qrs. English, 109,544 qrs. foreign for the same period last season, showing the imports to be more than doubled. The averages show little change, and that in advance, say from 48s. 4d. to 49s. 4d., but these are always much behind real transactions from long deliveries and clerical delays. The exports were small, viz., 2,364 qrs. wheat, and 1,887 cwts. flour.

The flour trade has been very dragging all through the month, the damp weather as well as large wheat importations being against prices. Norfolks have fallen about 2s. per sack, barrels 6d. to 1s., and the top price of town-made was lowered 48. on the last Monday, viz., from 51s. to 47s. per sack. The imports for four weeks were 68,171 sacks country sorts, 2,396 sacks 54,657 barrels foreign, against 67,792 sacks English and 7,155 sacks 33,852 barrels foreign. So, though there is an excess in the month's imports of flour, it does not equal wheat. There is, however, a good stock, though little is fine.

Barley, which was showing an upward tendency at the close of last month, has been excessively dull, and going down constantly. The fact is, the low price of wheat has induced farmers to send more of this grain to market, as relatively producing more money, till the markets have been replenished beyond the consumptive demand. Very little, however, this season is of choice quality, and the malt made of it has not given satisfaction. Rates have receded 2s. to 3s. per qr. during the month, and medium descriptions have been of uncertain value. Grinding has not lowered in an equal proportion, not being more than about 1s. to 1s. 6d. per qr. cheaper. The imports into London for the four weeks were 20,613 qrs. English, 39,159 qrs. foreign, against 18,218 qrs. English, 34,096 qrs. foreign in

1861.

The malt trade was very steady till overdone with new samples, the quality of which not being much approved, the prices of such have been rather easier.

We have had immense imports of foreign oats this month, the anticipation of which for some time kept markets dull, as well as the goodness of the English crop, and since their arrival prices have gone down 18. 6d. to 28. per qr., excepting for very choice parcels of old, which have become scarce. Fair old Rigas, 38 lbs. per bushel weight, have been selling at 20s. per qr., and new Konige

Foreign

100s. to 1203. per ton. 1358. to 150s.

100s, to 130s. 100s. to 120s.

70s. to 80s. ................ COUNTRY POTATO MARKETS.-DONCASTER (Saturday last.): A good supply of potatoes, which were well bought up at the following prices: Wholesale 8s. to 9s. 6d. per load, retail 10d. to 1s. per peck.-MANCHESTER (Saturday last): Potatoes 7s. to 11s. per 252lbs.-YORK (Saturday last): A moderate supply of potatoes, the retail price for which was a little higher than it has been for some weeks past. They sold at from 10s. 6d. to 11s. per tub of 280lbs., and 9d. to 9 d. per peck retail.

Do. Do.

Per sack of 240 lbs.

Fleeces Do. Do.

Southdown Hogs
Half-bred Hogs ............ 20 0
Kent......

£20 0 to £20 10

20 10

20 0

20 0

19 0

...... 19 0 Southdown Ewes & Wethers 19 10 Leicester do............... 18 0 Sorts-Clothing,picklock............ 20 10 Do. Prime and picklock.......... 19 10 Do. Choice....................... 18 0 Do. Super 16 10 Do. Combing-Wethermatching.. 20 10 Do. Picklock .......................................... 18 10 Do. Common .................... 15 10 Do. Hog-matching .................................. 22 0 Do. Picklock matching 19 10 .......... 18 10 Do. Superdo..... 16 10 ....................... 15 10 LIVERPOOL WOOL MARKET.-Nov. 22. SCOTOH.-There has been little doing in any kind of Scotch during the week; holders will not give way in price, and consumers will only take at the present high rates for their im mediate wants.

Laid Highland Wool per 24lbs..... 17 0 to 18 0 White Highland do...... 0 21 0 ... 20 Laid crossedi do..unwashed.... 21 0 22 0 do..washed ...... 22 0 do..unwashed.... 22 0 do..washed...... 24 0 White Cheviot do..washed...... 34 0 42 0 FOREIGN.-There has been more enquiry during the week for all kinds of middle and long-stapled Wools, at full rates. The little lull in the market during our public sales has not affected the views of holders, who remain firm in their demands. The London public sales are going off with some spirit, at an advance on last series, which give a tone to the market.

FOREIGN AND COLONIAL WOOL MARKETS. Per lb. 8. d. 8. d. 1st and and Elect............ 3 2 to 4 6 Prima ...................... 2 2 Secunda.................... 1 10 Tertia.................................................. 1 6

German, Saxon, and Prussian.

a.....

30

2 6

1 10

20

2 3

1 3

17

1 7

2 3 3 0 1 4

1 8 1 10 1 11

Locks and Pieces............ 1 0 S. AUSTRALIAN-Lambs...................................... 1 6 Scoured do. ............................... 1 5 Unwashed..

MANURES.

PRICE CURRENT OF GUANO, &c.

Peruvian Guano,direct from importers' stores, £13 58. to £13 10s. p. to.
Bones, £5 158. to £6; crushed, £6 5s. to £6 10s. per ton.
Animal Charcoal, (70 per cent Phosphate) £6 58. per ton, very scarce.
Coprolite, Cambridge, (in London), whole 45s., ground 60s.; Suffolk
whole 35s., ground 46s. to 48s. per ton.

Nitrate of Soda, 14 10s. to £15 10s. per ton.

Sulphate of Ammonia, £16 to £16 108. per ton.

Sulphuric Acid, concentrated 1-845 1d. perib., brown 1.712 oid.
Superphosphate of Lime, £6 58. per ton. Hide Salt, 24s.
Blood Manure, £6 5s.to £7 10s. perton. Dissolved Bones, £610s.do.
Dissolved Coprolites, £5 per ton.
Linseed Cakes, best American, £11 7s. 6d. to £11 12s. 6d. per brl.,
ditto £1 per bag; English, £10 108. to £10 15s. per ton.
Rape Cake, English, £6 108.; German, £6 10s. per ton.
Cotton Cake, £5 108. to £6 10s. per ton.

E. PURSER, Loudon Manure Company,
116, Fenchurch Street, E.C.