tratus indicavit appellatum me a Claudio Eumolpo. Cum Cocceianus Dion in bule adsignari civitati opus cuius curam 2 cocciamis diambulae, Avant. rived, Eumolpus again pleaded want of preparation, and asked for a longer adjournment. § 5. Dio, however, demanded an immediate hearing. After many arguments on both sides, I determined to grant the adjournment, and meanwhile to ask your advice, and I therefore ordered both parties to draw up a memorial of their demands, in order that you might see the case stated in their own words. Dio promised to do so, but Eumolpus, though he was willing to state the claims of the town in a memorial, professed, that in regard to the question of interment, he was merely the advocate of Archippus. § 6. The latter promised to draw up a memorial. At present, though I have waited many days. they have neither of them done so. Dio's memorial I append to this letter. § 7. I visited the spot myself, and saw your statue placed in the library. The spot where the bodies are said to be interred is in an unoccupied space, shut in by a colonnade. I especially ask for your instructions, as the case naturally excites great attention, since the facts are not denied and are defended by precedents. § 1. Prusae ad Olympum. See on Ep. 17. intra hospitium, in the governor's lodgings. A house would be provided for the entertainment of a provincial governor during his stay in any town. eodem die exiturus. Cf. Ep. 67, 'quod ipse proficiscebar in diversam provinciae partem.' appellatum me, i.e. to give a decision in the case. Claudio Eumolpo. The Emperor Claudius had probably in some way assisted the town of Prusa or given it some additional privileges. See Ep. 70, where the name of Claudius is borne by another inhabitant of the town, who also left a house to the emperor Claudius by his will and dedicated a shrine to him. Compare with this the frequency of the name Iulius in Gaul, of Flavius in Spain to which Vespasian gave the 'ius Latii,' and of Ulpius in the towns along the Danube frontier, founded or reconstituted by Trajan. Cocceianus Dion. Dio, surnamed Chrysostomus, seems to have received the name Cocceianus on account of his intimate friendship with the emperor Nerva, of whom he speaks (Or. xlv) as • αὐτοκράτορος φιλανθρώπου κάμε ἀγαπῶντος καὶ πάλαι φίλου. After travelling in Egypt and elsewhere he gave himself up to rhetoric and philosophy in his native city of Prusa, where his father Pasicrates had left him a considerable property, until under Domitian he went to settle in Rome. He was, however, suspected by Domitian, and was included in his sentence of banishment upon all philosophers from Rome and Italy. Suet. Dom. 10, 'philosophos omnes urbe Italiaque summovit.' He then wandered, disguised as a beggar, among the Danubian tribes, and on Domitian's death was the means of winning over the Danubian legions to his friend Nerva. He then returned to Rome; Or. xlv, 'ȧvýew μὲν πρὸς τὸν βέλτιστον Νέρβαν,” by whom and also by Trajan he was held in great favour. Τραιανός γοῦν ὁ αὐτοκράτωρ ἀναθέμενος αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῆς Ρώμης εἰς τὴν χρυσὴν ἅμαξαν ἐφ ̓ ἧς οἱ βασιλεῖς τὰς ἐκ τῶν πολέμων πομπὰς πομπεύουσιν ἔλεγε θαμὰ ἐπιστρεφόμενος ἐς τὸν Δίωνα Τί μὲν λέγεις οὐκ οἶδα φιλῶ δέ σε ὡς ἐμαυτόν. Notwithstanding this, however, when the Prusensians sent an embassy to invite him back to Prusa, he gave up all his prospects of advancement at Rome and returned home. But though he strove to increase the splendour and importance of his native town by public buildings and by inducing Trajan to make it a conventus for judicial proceedings (Or. xl, · εὖ γὰρ ἴστε ὅτι καὶ τοῖς οἰκοδομήμασι καὶ ταῖς ἑορταῖς καὶ τῷ δικάζειν αὐτοὶ καὶ τῷ μὴ παρ' ἑτέροις ἐξετάζεσθαι μήδε συντελεῖν ἄλλοις . πέφυκε τὸ φρόνημα τῶν πόλ εων καὶ μεῖζον ἀξίωμα γίγνεσθαι τὸ τοῦ δήμου, καὶ πλέονος τυγχάνειν τιμῆς καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἐπιδημούντων ξένων καὶ παρὰ τῶν ἡγεμόνων '), and though he spent his own money freely on these and similar objects (Or. xlvi, 'λeλeɩToÚрYNKа dè ὑμῖν τὰς μεγίστας λειτουργίας '), he was never popular, and finally returned to Rome and remained there till his death. in bule. Cf. Ep. 110, 'bule et ecclesia consentiente'; 112, 'eos qui in bulen a censoribus leguntur'; and 116; also buleutae in Ep. 39. adsignari is explained below by tradi. . 2 egerat vellet, tum Eumolpus adsistens Flavio Archippo dixit exigendam esse a Dione rationem operis ante quam rei publicae traderetur, quod aliter fecisset ac debuisset. Adiecit etiam esse in eodem positam tuam statuam et corpora sepultorum, uxoris Dionis et filii, postulavitque ut cognoscerem pro tribunali. Quod cum ego me protinus facturum dilaturumque pro- 3 fectionem dixissem, ut longiorem diem ad instruendam causam I Eumolpus adsistens, Cat. Eumolpus adsistente, Ald. 4 in aedem, Avant. ; in eodem opere, Ald. In the Digest, 18, 162, etc., the word is used of property handed over by the vendor to the purchaser. opus cuius curam egerat. We learn from Dio's speeches what_this was. Having succeeded in getting Prusa made a conventus, he wished to make it worthy of its position by splendid public buildings. He therefore offered generous donations himself and got his friends also to subscribe towards building an extensive porticus or colonnade. Or. xl., p. 487, ‘λόγον τινὰ εἶπον ὑπὲρ ἔργου τινος, οὐκ αὐτὸς μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἡγεμόνων ἐσπουδακότων βουλομένων ... τὴν πόλιν ἄμεινον κατασκευάζειν καὶ σεμ νοτέραν ποιεῖν ἅπασαν. Of this work he himself voluntarily took charge (curam egit), “ ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀρχὴν ἔλαβεν ὅσα μὲν αὐτὸς ἔπαθον μετρῶν καὶ διαμετρῶν καὶ λογιζόμενος ὅπως μὴ γένοιτο ἀπρεπές μήδε ἀχρεῖον . . καὶ τελευταῖον εἰς τὰ ὄρη φθειρόμενος, οὐκ ὢν ἔμπειρος τῶν τοιούτων οὐδένος οὐδὲ ἀπορῶν ἔργου τινος . . . ἐπ νῦν ἐπεξιέναι. adsistens Flavio Archippo, representing, i.e. as counsel. Cf. Plin. Ep. vii 6, 3, 'adsistebam Vareno,' and Dig. 6, 1, 54. Flavio Archippo. See on Ep. 58. exigendam esse rationem operis. Dio, as having had charge of money subscribed for a public object, would be obliged, if required, to render in his evθύναι. See Schömann, Antiq. of Greece, P. 407. This inquiry would give the opportunity, even if there had been no misappropriation of the money, to criticise Dio's management of the matter from the commencement. The demand being made, though it was probably made maliciously, could not but be allowed by Trajan. See Ep. 82, 'ratio totius operis effecti sub cura Cocceiani Dionis excutiatur,' etc. quod aliter fecisset ac debuisset. In constructing the porticus it was found necessary to pull down a private smithy, 7 ad struendam, Avant. and Ald. and this was seized as an opportunity by Dio's enemies to raise the cry that he was demolishing the city; although as a matter of fact the building pulled down was so mean and low, ὥστε μήδε τοῖς χαλκεῦσιν ἐξῆν διάρασθαι σχέδον, ἀλλὰ εἰργάζοντο κεκυφότες. See Or. xl, p. 487, ‘καί τινες ἦσαν οἱ σφόδρα ὀδυρόμενοι τὸ χαλκεῖον τὸ τοῦ δεῖνος, χαλεπῶς ἔχοντες εἰ μὴ μενεῖ ταῦτα τὰ ὑπομνήματα τῆς παλαιᾶς εὐδαιμονίας. The reading of § 2. in eodem. Avantius 'in aedem,' or even the emendation of Beroaldus 'in aede,' can hardly be correct, because Pliny says (§ 7) that the statue was in a bibliotheca: while the bodies were in the open area. In eodem would be loosely in 'the same building,' by which the accusers wilfully misrepresented the facts. tuam statuam et corpora sepultorum. This under the régime of Tiberius or Domitian might have been magnified into a charge of 'maiestas.' Cf. Suet. Tib. 58, 'statuae quidam Augusti caput dempserat, ut alterius imponeret Damnato reo, paullatim hoc genus calumniae eo processit ut haec quoque capitalia essent; circa Augusti simulacrum servum cecidisse, vestimenta mutasse,' etc. Tac. Ann. i 74; Dio Cass. 57, 24; and 67, 12, yuvǹ yap τις ὅτι ἀπεδύσατο ἐνάντιον εἰκόνος του Δομιτιανοῦ ἐκρίθη τε καὶ ἀπώλετο. Cf. § 3. ad instruendam causam. Cic. pro. Cluent. 6. 'Hoc enim ipsum iudicium, hoc periculum, illa accusatio, omnis testium copia a matre hoc tempore instruitur,' and 'instruit accusatores, instruit testes'; also Tac. Ann. ii 74, 'qui crimina et accusationem tanquam adversus receptos iam reos instruebant.' Cic. Verr. ii 4, 19, 'ad iudicium nondum se satis instruxerat Dig. 22, 4, I, 'Instrumentorum nomine ea omnia accipienda sunt quibus causa instrui potest; et ideo tam testimonia 4 darem utque in alia civitate cognoscerem petiit. Ego me auditurum Nicaeae respondi. Ubi cum consedissem cogniturus, idem Eumolpus, tamquam adhuc parum instructus, dilationem 5 petere coepit: contra Dion ut audiretur exigere. Dicta sunt utrimque multa, etiam de causa. Ego cum dandam dilationem et te consulendum existimarem in re ad exemplum pertinenti, dixi utrique parti ut postulationum suarum libellos darent. Volebam enim te ipsorum potissimum verbis ea quae erant proposita cognoscere. Et Dion quidem se daturum dixit: 6 Eumolpus respondit conplexurum se libello quae rei publicae peteret, ceterum quod ad sepultos pertineret, non accusatorem se sed advocatum Flavii Archippi, cuius mandata pertulisset. Archippus, cui Eumolpus sicut Prusiade adsistebat, dixit se libellum daturum. At nec Eumolpus nec Archippus quam plurimis diebus expectatis adhuc mihi libellos dederunt: Dion 7 dedit, quem huic epistulae iunxi. 2 ubi consedissem, Avant. pertinet, Avant. and Ald. quam personae instrumentorum loco habentur.' ut in alia civitate cognoscerem. Professedly to secure impartiality; really perhaps to prevent the discovery to which Pliny's personal visit to the building in question led. See § 7. § 4. ubi cum consedissem. This is Orelli's emendation for the reading of Avantius ubi consedissem.' The 'cum' may easily have dropped out owing to the following 'con.' Cf. Cic. Verr. ii 1, in 7, § 19, 'quo die primum iudices citati in hunc reum consedistis.' Suet. Calig. 38, Cognoscebat autem de talibus causis, taxato prius modo summae, ad quem conficiendum consideret.' tamquam, on the ground that. Cf. from Furneaux's list, p. 51, Tac. Ann. i 12, 6; ii 84, 3; xii 39, 5; xiii, 43, 8; xiv 41, I. § 5. etiam de causa, i.e. the parties did not confine themselves to the question of adjournment (dilatio). in re ad exemplum pertinenti. Cf. on Ep. 29. libellos darent. Cf. Ep. 59 and 60 and 47, 'exegi ut quae dicebant quaeque recitabant in libello complecterentur.' quae rei publicae peteret, i.e. 'rationem operis exigendam esse.' Ipse in re praesenti fui et 13 qui Eumolpus sicut Prusiade, Avant. cui Eumolpus sicut Prusiade, B. and Ald. 14 At, Schaeffer; Ita, Avant. and Ald. § 6. advocatum Flavii Archippi. Cf. above adsistens Fl. Arch.' sicut Prusiade. Taking Prusiade to be an adjective as in Ep. 58, we must understand conventu or regione. The reading of Avantius is here corrupt, 'qui Eumolpus sicut Prusiade.' The Ald. ed. has 'cui Eumolpus sic ut Prusiade,' probably from a collation of the MS.; but 'ut Prusiade' can hardly be right, as all concerned in the case were citizens of Prusa. It, however, suggests the right reading, 'sicut Prusiade.' At. Ita, the reading of Avantius, can hardly be correct here, because even if, as Döring and Schäffer maintain, it often means tum or deinde, this is not the meaning required here. We rather want 'but' or nevertheless; probably, as Keil suggests, 'at' is the correct reading. § 7. in re praesenti, on the spot. See on Ep. viii 3; and Ep. 61, 1. in bibliotheca positam. The bibliotheca was probably an exedra, which, as Vitruvius says, 'constituuntur in porticibus.' See Suet. Aug. 58, 'addidit porticus cum bibliotheca.' On the custom of placing busts and statues in libraries both public and private, cf. Plin. h. n. xxxv 2, 'si quidem nunc ex auro argentove aut certe ex aere in bibli vidi tuam quoque statuam in bibliotheca positam id autem in quo dicuntur sepulti filius et uxor Dionis in area conlocatum, quae porticibus includitur. Te, domine, rogo ut me in hoc 8 praecipue genere cognitionis regere digneris, cum alioqui magna sit expectatio, ut necesse est in ea re quae et in confessum venit et exemplis defenditur. 2 filii eius et, Avant. 5 sit, Avant and Ald. ; est, Orell. 6 defenditur deliberare. Ald. otheca dicantur illis quorum immortales animae in locis iisdem loquuntur;' and id. ib. vii § 115, 'M. Varronis in bibliotheca quae prima in orbe ab Asinio Pollione ex manubiis publicata Romae est, unius viventis posita imago est.' Suet. Tib. 70, quibus poetis admodum delectatus, scripta eorum et imagines publicis bibliothecis inter veteres et praecipuos auctores dedicavit.' Mart. ix Ep. ad Turanium, Epigramma. ad Stertinium clarissimum virum scripsimus qui imaginem meam ponere in bibliotheca sua voluit.' Plin. Ep. iv 28, 1, 'Herennius Severus magni aestimat in bibliotheca sua ponere imagines municipum tuorum.' in area; see on Ep. 70, 3. § 8. in hoc praecipue genere cognitionis, i.e. in a case of maiestas. ut necesse est. This is Orelli's emendation for ut necesse sit' of Avantius. As this latter reading was evidently incomplete by itself, Aldus added the word deliberare' at the end of the sen tence. Orelli's slight alteration, however, makes the reading of the prima ed. quite intelligible and satisfactory. in confessum venit. Cf. Quint. v 14, 28, 'ad liquidum confessumque perducere omnia'; id. vii I, 48, 'adhuc versamur in confessis'; Vell. Paterc. ii 85, 5, fuitque in confesso'; Tac. de orat. 25, 'dummodo in confesso sit'; also in Seneca and Pliny the elder. Here the reference is either to Dio's libellus, or to common notoriety. Pliny had himself seen that the statue and the sepulchre were in the building, though not under the same roof. et exemplis defenditur. This seems on the whole better than Mommsen's suggestion 'nec exemplis defenditur.' The general expectation which the case occasioned would be better explained by the fact that many others were in the same position as Dio, and that hitherto the propriety of such proceedings had not been questioned. LXXXII [LXXXVI] TRAIANUS PLINIO S. Potuisti non haerere, mi Secunde carissime, circa id de quo r me consulendum existimasti, cum propositum meum optime You could hardly have really doubted, my dear Pliny, about the matter on which you thought it necessary to consult me. You knew it was not my policy to gain respect for my person by fear and terror or charges of treason. Dismissing therefore that side of the question which, even if there were precedents to support it, I should not pursue further, you must exact a full account of the work carried out by Dio, a course required by the public advantage of the town, and one to which Dio neither does nor can with propriety object. § 1. Potuisti non haerere. There is a certain amount of annoyance about the tone of Trajan's answer, which considering Trajan's well-known moderation, his friendship for Dio, and the trumpery nature of the charge, is perhaps not uncalled for. cum propositum meum optime 44 2 nosses non ex metu nec terrore hominum aut criminibus maiestatis reverentiam nomini meo adquiri. Omissa ergo ea quaestione, quam non admitterem, etiam si exemplis adiuvaretur, ratio totius operis effecti sub cura Cocceiani Dionis excutiatur, cum et utilitas civitatis exigat nec aut recuset Dion aut debeat recusare. 4 tua, add. Avant, and Ald. sub cura tua a Cocceiano Dione, Cat. nosses, etc. Pliny certainly professed to know this when he pronounced his Panegyric; see Panegyr. 42, 'Locupletabant et fiscum et aerarium non tam Voconiae et Iuliae leges quam maiestatis singulare et unicum crimen eorum qui crimine vacarent. Huius tu metum penitus sustulisti, contentus magnitudine qua nulli magis caruerunt quam qui sibi maiestatem vindicabant.' Cf. also §§ 34 and 35, on the fate of the delatores under Trajan. etiam si exemplis adiuvaretur. As a matter of fact the exempla were on the other side, et exemplis defenditur.' · sub cura Cocceiani Dionis. The oldest editions have 'sub cura tua Cocceiani Dionis,' which is evidently faulty somewhere. Orelli conjectures 5 ei litis, Avant. civitatis, B. and Ald. 'sub curatura C. D.' which, though ingenious, it is impossible to accept owing to the rareness of the word " curatura. Catanaeus reads 'sub tua cura a Cocceiano Dione,' which implies that Pliny would superintend the examination, which, though possible, is hardly likely. The same objection lies against the reading of the ed. Basileensis, 'sub cura tua Cocceiano Dioni.' On the whole, I have thought it better to cut the knot by omitting 'tua' altogether. utilitas civitatis exigat. This is the reading of the Aldine edition. It is confirmed by a marginal reading in B. The emendations of Beroaldus, utilitas eius exigat,' and of Catanaeus, 'utilitas reipublicae id exigat,' are uncalled for. LXXXIII [LXXXVII] De Nicaeensibus C. PLINIUS TRAIANO IMPERATORI Rogatus, domine, a Nicaeensibus publice per ea quae mihi et sunt et debent esse sanctissima, id est per aeternitatem tuam salutemque, ut preces suas ad te perferrem, fas non putavi negare acceptumque ab iis libellum huic epistulae iunxi. Nicaeensibus, qui intestatorum civium suorum concessam vindicationem bonorum a divo Augusto adfirmant, debebis It will be your duty to give your serious attention to the Nicaeans, who assert that they are entitled, by an edict of Augustus, to claim the property of all citizens of |