indulgent, in Barbarorum naturam degenerasse videntur." After confuting the two virtues ascribed to it, the wise HEYLIN continues-"But Tobacco is by few taken now as medicinall: it is growne a good fellow, and fallen from a physician to a complement:" a folly which he thinks would not have "spred so farre," if pipes had been thrust through the noses of the English, as was done with the Turks found taking tobacco. In doubt as to its use, he jumps at the following, in conclusion: "It may be an antidote for the immoderate use of drinking, which our Belgian souldiers brought with them, three years before, from the Low Countries, before which time, of all northerne people, the English were deemed most free from that swinish vice, wherein it is to be feared, they have now out-gon their teachers, the Dutch. The idea of the "bellish weed" being an antidote to drinking is certainly opposed to the modern condemnation of it as a strong provocative of thirst and a longing for strong liquors. Another writer, some years previous, argues the use of Tobacco because, among other reasons, the English were great drinkers. A tract was published in 1602, entitled "Work for Chimney Sweepers, or a Warning for Tobacconists," with this motto: "Fumus patriæ igne alieno luculentior-as much as to say, Better be chokt with with English Hemp than poisoned with Indian Tobacco." This called forth a reply in the same year, called "A Defense of Tobacco; with a friendly Answer to the late printed book, called Work for Chimney Sweepers," in which Tobacco is recommended as wholesome to Englishmen, "on account of their being great eaters and drinkers, and thus requiring a pipe as a drain for their superfluous moisture." HYLIN probably took a cue from this, but was not willing to accord an immoderate thirst to his country men until they had been initiated into its cravings by contamination with the Dutch. JOSHUA SYLVESTER was one of the poets who, from being a partial patron of the pipe, sought the favor of the monarch by a poem entitled "Tobacco battered, and Pipes shattered (about their ears that idly idolize so base and barbarous a weed, or, at leastwise, over-love so loathsome a vanitie;) by a Volley of Holy Shot thundered from Mount Helicon." Guns and tobacco pipes he ascribes to the inventive genius of the devil, and believes they were two plagues foretold in the Revelations. "Two smoky engines, in this latter age, (Satan's short circuit, the more sharp his rage,) Having demolished the pipes, he thus pours his holy shot into tobacco: "Of all the plants that Tellus' bosom yields, In groves, glades. gardens, marshes, mountains, fields, As is tobacco, saving hemp alone. Most opposite to God's good Herb of Grace, Further on, he removes the doubt here expressed, and shows that none but graceless men love it: "If then tobacconing be good, how is't It is needless to say that the lives of some of the most eminent men flatly contradict the assertions in the concluding lines. The truth is, SYLVESTER was very needy, and sought to make his account in his "holy shot," as well as by a sonnet to Prince CHARLES in which he very bluntly asks for aid. It does not appear, however, that he made much by either, or captured the king by his diplomatic wisdom in taking up his views. A stanza of his own striking poem, "The Soul's Errand" long attributed to Raleigh, might be suggestively addressed to himself at this juncture: "Tell wit how much it wrangles And when they do reply, Straight give them both the lie." Sir WILLIAM VAUGHAN, a writer also of the reign of JAMES I, though embracing the early Turkish idea, that Tobacco produced impotency, yet was of opinion that a pipe taken fasting in a raw and rainy morning, in those months which want the letter R, was a "singular and sodaine remedy against the megrim, the toothache, the fits of the mother, the falling sickness, the dropsie, the gout, and against all such diseases as are caused by windy, cold, or watrish humours." Tobacco is historically connected with one of the last theological executions which took place in England. What is calied in Herefordshire The Kemble pipe, signifying the last smoke at a sitting, had its origin in it. The tale is not without interest. The Rev. JOHN KEMBLE, great-grand uncle of ROGER KEMBLE, father of Mrs. SIDDONS and the KEMBLE players, was one of the last martyrs for the sake of his religion. At the time of his death he was in his eightieth year, and of which period he had officiated as a Catholic priest for fifty-four years. CAMPBELL in his life of SIDDONS gives a graphic account of his end. The poor old man was apprehended at Pembridge Castle, in the parish of Witch Castle, in Herefordshire. He was apprised of his pursuers but refused to abscond, saying that in the course of nature he must die ere long, and that it would be better for him to die for his religion. He was committed to Hereford jail, but was cruelly and unnecessarily ordered up to London on pretence of implication in TITUS OATES plot, and from thence sent back again to take his trial at Hereford. * * He was put on horseback for the journey, but his infirmities permitting him only to ride sideways, he was compelled to perform the greater part of it on foot. He suffered on the field of Wigmarsh, close by Hereford. His last words from the cart were as follows: "It will be expected I should say something; but, as I am an old man, it cannot be much. I have no concern in the plot, neither indeed do I believe that there is any. OATES and BEDLOE, not being able to charge me with anything when I was brought up to London, makes it evident that I die only for professing the old Roman Catholic religion, which was the religion that first made this kingdom Christian; and whoever intends to be saved must die in that religion. I beg of all whom I have offended, either by thought, word, or deed, to forgive me, as I do heartily forgive all that have been instrumental or desirous of my death." He then turned to the executioner and said, "Honest Anthony, do thine office; thou wilt do me a greater kindness than discourtesy." He was executed on the 2d August, 1679. ** The old man's fortitude is still a traditional by-word in the place. On his way to execution he smoked his pipe and conversed with his friends; and in that country it was long usual to call the last pipe that was smoked in a social company, a Kemble's pipe.* In this connection the remarks of a French Protestant refugee, M. MISSON, in the memoirs of his travels over England-(1697), are appropriate in one respect, even if they afford a theological contrast in another. He thinks the perpetual use of Tobacco makes the generality of Englishmen thoughtful, taciturn, and melancholy; and he seems to be convinced that smoking "makes men profound theologists--for no man in the world will smoke a pipe better than an English clergyman; and all the world knows that the English theology is the most profound theology of all." Concluding his remarks, he says "Tobacco not only breeds profound theologists, but also moral philosophers." In proof of which he quotes a sonnet embracing these lines: "Tobacco, charmer of my mind, When, like the meteor's transient gleam, What else but lighted dust am I? Thou show'st me what my fate will be; And when thy sinking ashes die, I learn that I must end like thee." The writer of these lines is not the only poet who has seen a type of human life in a pipe of tobacco. The author of "A Paper of Tobacco directs our attention to the following: "The Indian weed withered quite, Thus think, then drink tobacco. "The pipe that is so lily-white, * Life of Mrs. SIDDONS. BY THOMAS CAMPBELL, N. Y., 1834; pp. 15-17. "And when the smoke ascends on high, Thus think, then drink tobacco. "The ashes that are left behind Thus think, then drink tobacco." The same clever cicerone who points these lines out to us also corrects a most erroneous statement made by Dr. ADAM CLARKE, to wit: that the Church and State have conjoined to sanctify and legalize the use of Tobacco from the time of the Grand Prior and CATHERINE DE MEDICI down to his own time. A more egregious error could not be made, as we have shown. No Christian Church ever sanctified its use, unless indeed the term be allowed to every congregation of independents who, in the Cromwellian era assumed the name. "In this sense the use of tobacco might be said to have been sanctified by several churches; for many active beaters of the drum ecclesiastic,' were also powerful as pipe performers, in which latter exercise their strength of lungs enabled them to inhale deeply; and lay elders in buffwho, having gained their coats in the service of the state, wore them out in the service of their church-were generally addicted to smoking. Some of the latter also sanctified the use of tobacco by smoking in the choir of more than one of our cathedrals, after stabling their horses in the nave." In a dramatic production of very considerable excellence recently issued we have a capital scene, in which a pipe of tobacco helps to illustrate the character of the men and times. It is a night scene in the camp of CROMWELL; troopers by a bivouac fire, eating, drinking, or smoking, while the sentinel on watch takes, by the fire light, an occasional glance at his Bible. CROMWELL mixing with the soldiers, often partaking of their food and drink, calls To 1st trooper "Hand me a pipe of Trinidado! (Takes a few quick puffs, rises, passes behind 3d trooper and strikes the pipe on the rim of the corselet, the blazing ashes falling down his back.) 3d trooper. (Leaping up.) Now may the devil- Cromwell. Ho! swearest thou? To 1st trooper. Write Hezekiah Sin despise, five shillings For swearing. Thou shalt never more be known Our discipline must be preserved: I hate The vice of swearing, utterly, yea! utterly! But some share of the fault was mine herein, And verily I will pay the fine myself. To 3d trooper. Tush! tush! twist not thyself, man, to and fro, Methought my ironsides were proof 'gainst fire, As well as steel!"* *Oliver Cromwell: a Tragedy in Five Acts, by T. SEATON DONOHо; author of "Ivy wall," etc. Washington, D.Č. 1860. * * In the sparkling comedies of Farquhar, Tobacco is made to illustrate the manners, customs, and characters of the day, by several brief but suggestive allusions. In the "Beaux Stratagem," Old Will Boniface describes the general run of country gentlemen in those times in his character of Squire Sullen, who "says little, thinks less, and does--nothing at all, faith; but he's a man of great estate, and values nobody. Yes, sir, he's a man of pleasure; he plays at whisk, and smokes his Pipe eight-and-forty hours together, sometimes." The manner in which officers of the guard got through the still hours of their watch in the days, or nights, of the Restoration is graphically indicated by Duretete in "The Inconstant:" "I'll fairly stroll down to the guard, and nod away the night with my honest lieutenant over a flask of wine, a rakehelly story, and a pipe of Tobacco." To him, however, this was a last resource of ennui, as well as a refuge not without its terrors, if we are to be guided by his dialogue with the whimsical Bisarre, whom he desires to detach from him by propositions he deems no lady will accede to. She however, most perplexingly agrees will all. At last he cries: "'Sdeath woman will you go to the guard with me and smoke a pipe?" Bisarre." Allons,. done!" Duretete."The devil's in the women;-suppose I hang myself?" The contempt of the aristocracy for the city merchants who, by having money or other circumstance set up for beaux, is found in the ironical exclamations of Wildair, in "The Constant Couple," when he hears that Clincher has " whip'd from behind the counter" and affected the fashionable. Wildair." Ha, ha! ha! how many pound of Pulvil must the fellow use to sweeten himself from the smell of hops and Tobacco ?" And in Lucinda's description of Mockmode, in "Love and a Bottle," we are instructed how the young sparks spent their days at college, and the esteem in which fat ale and Tobacco was held by the ladies. Lucinda.-* * "He's newly come to Town from the University, where his Education could reach no farther than to guzzle fat ale, smoke Tobacco, and chop Logick-Faugh! it makes me sick." Miss LUCINDA's distaste for ale and the weed has unfortunately not been shared by all her sisters. It has become almost national in some countries for women to indulge in the cigarette, while it is a matter of histrionic history that among other female notabilites of the stage the angelic MALIBRAN was devoted to a pot of half-and-half, and that Mrs. SIDDONS' predilections for a "pint of beer" on one occasion produced a very novel and ludicrous stage effect; the boy who was hurriedly despatched for the beer, bringing the foaming pewter on the stage, and presenting it to the SIDDONS while in the sleeping scene of Lady MACBETH. Apropos of the stage in connection with Tobacco one of the most ardent writers against the use of the latter, especially in the shape of snuff, was Dr., afterwards Sir JoHN HILL; a strange and belligerent compound of talent, industry, and charlatanry; who wrote voluminously-fiction and philosophy-newspapers and natural history, lampooned the Royal Society, dealt in patent medicine, produced some light dramatic pieces, and inspired this epigram from GARRICK: "For physic and farces his equal there scarce is ; |