The city laws are the same as the State laws. The tuberculin test is used, and the Commissioner of Health is notified in the case of sick cows.

We must provide by law that the milkers and cows shall be clean; that no preservatives or coloring matter shall be used; milk shall not be removed from one can to another; that we shall have a standard of contents, and, finally, special legislation recognizing buttermilk and skim milk; also that we must have samples of all milk taken and analyses made.

At present the law provides for three milk inspectors, one chemist and assistant and one inspector of cow stables. This, with the chief, gives a force of seven men. Six additional inspectors are asked for, and it is proposed to license dealers and dairymen.

The dealers are prosecuted for preserving with formaldehyde, while really the producers did it. A committee of two has been appointed to look into the matter.

The proposed ordinance provides:

I. Milk dealers to apply to Commissioner of Health for permit. 2. Result of inspection to be satisfactory for issue of permit. 3. Dealers to send to Commissioner of Health list of the consignors of the milk they handle.

6. Milk not to be transferred from can to can in milk wagon. The producers must be taught how to fulfil conditions of the above and then prosecuted for wilful neglect. It is proposed to inspect farms and stables in the counties and instruct the owners. Then if it is found that the producer cannot and will not meet requirements, exclude his milk from the market. Thus both mortality and morbidity will be lowered. The consumer must be educated by physicians and nurses, and thus even more good will be done.

DISCUSSION.

Dr. Knox: At the Wilson Sanitarium milk is produced under ideal conditions, often showing under 100,000 bacteria to cubic centimeter; yet with a defective refrigerator in one of the wards, in from 16 to 24 hours on warm days the milk ran up to 1,000,000 bacteria to cubic centimeter. Refrigeration is important, especially immediate cooling. This applies even more particularly to the poor. Low-count milk (1000 to 5000) will be unsuitable in from. 16 to 24 hours for infant feeding in going to the poor. It has been noted that pasteurized milk stayed sweet, while raw milk did not. A low temperature is important in pasteurization. From 110° to 170° used to be the temperature; now 55° to 60° for 20 to 30 minutes is used. The poor should be taught to pasteurize the milk. Boiled milk is not good for infants.

Dr. Watson: Does Dr. Rosenau advocate the general pasteurization of the milk supply at farms and dairies?

Dr. O'Donovan: Producing pure milk is expensive, and we must pay more for milk. Individuals must insist on getting pure milk. We get as good milk as we demand and pay for.

Dr. C. U. Smith reported two cases of infantile scurvy with pasteurized milk and several cases with sterilized milk.

Dr. Jones: The details of cooling were purposely avoided in the paper. A movement is now on hand looking to city cooling. The city will try to get the milk to the consumer at 50° F. The dangerous milk is not railroad milk, but suburban milk. The city milk situation is somewhat controlled. The wagon-brought milk is the worst, and an effort is to be made to wipe out some suburban dairies. Rural milk is high in bacteria count, but good. It is to be wished that rural milk could be tested before going to the consumer. It is thought that dirty methods often are in the house. In Baltimore there is milk that a physician can recommend. Pasteurization cannot be done by the city, but must be done by the distributer. The worst milk is not pasteurized.

Dr. Rosenau: The quality of milk in Baltimore is not much better than in Washington. In Washington the physician can point to no safe milk, i. e., certified as to proper dairy methods. Therefore, since we have no milk to be relied upon, and much dirty, stale milk, the physician must heat the milk and destroy, at least, some of the poisons. Milk is best heated just before it is used; next best thing is to heat the milk at the farm and then keep it clean.

Pasteurization is a difficult business technically. In Washington, with a good Pasteur plant and poor help, the milk contains more bacteria after the operation than before. If the help is pretty good, 98 per cent, of bacteria are removed; if the labor is skilled, 99 per cent. of bacteria are removed. The best plan is to pasteurize, under the Health Officer, at different central points in the city. If done at the farm, the operation is too spread-out. There are other factors in scurvy besides heated milk. In French dispensaries there is very little scurvy with highly heated milk; in Germany none at all. Perhaps scurvy is not recognized there. Lately some cases have been reported in France. At 60° 20 minutes gives no physical chemical change, though the bacteria are killed.

THE Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland is watching a sum of money grow. The word passes round continually, "WATCH IT GROW," for by concentrating the interest of the profession on the gradual accumulation it is possible to arouse a common desire to MAKE IT GROW. The amount to be raised is $50,000, a sum which must seem rather large, for the average physician knows hardly anything about joint enterprises, and when he goes into them, does so, as a rule, on the advice of someone whom he trusts, without informing himself about the particulars. The MARYLAND MEDICAL JOURNAL is by no means a guide to investors; its opinion would in general be worth less than the cost of stating it in print. But the present undertaking of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty is so sound that even the JOURNAL may recognize and proclaim its merits.

FOR OUR OWN GOOD.

FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS, they say, are needed for a building fund. If the present building does not afford space enough for the regular meetings of the Faculty or of its local constituent societies, that circumstance alone would justify the call for whatever sum is needed to provide adequate space. Since the business of the Faculty is the business, not of a chosen few, but of all the members, it would seem a prime essential that the concern should guarantee to every member room to sit comfortably at every meeting. Inadequate space curtails the power of the Faculty to deal with its current problems, it discourages attendance, it checks growth, it prevents expression of the society's will, it favors poor administration of the Faculty's affairs. The Faculty outgrew its present quarters years ago and now depends on the hospitality of its friends, not only for the annual meetings, but for many of the meetings of local societies. The meeting at which the

election of officers takes place is so severe a tax on the physical endurance of the members that many men absent themselves on that account. It is a physical impossibility for more than one-third of the membership of the Faculty to cast their ballots at an annual election. A business association in like case would provide adequate quarters by means of an assessment or a loan. An assessment of $50 or an annual tax of $3 would bring the money which the Faculty needs.

SEEKING THE GOOD WHICH IS NOT OUR OWN.

In the past 10 or 15 years a good many enterprises of public moment have been started by the medical profession, their inception having been prepared in our own building. But it has not been possible to bring any of these things definitely into the field of public discussion from the Faculty's own forum. The plan to give the work of the Sewerage Commission an open discussion and a strong impetus was prepared in the Faculty Hall, but the meeting at which Mr. Mendes Cohen and Col. George E. Waring spoke did not take place in the Faculty Hall. The medical inspection of schools, the public baths, State care of the insane, the antituberculosis campaign, the movement to repress the social diseases, the milk campaign and other beneficent schemes were incubated in the small building on Hamilton terrace. Many of these enterprises grew to be permanently self-supporting and some of them now have houses of their own. But they did not see light in the Faculty rooms and the records do not trace them to the humble locality where they actually became viable. Perhaps someone may say that we have done well enough both for ourselves and for the public, and should be congratulated whenever the good that is born of us outgrows us; but, on the other hand, we can be sure that whatever we bring forth for the public good ought to be nourished by us at least through its infancy. Not all of our offspring have done well. Moreover, it is of some concern to us that what we have generated shall be commonly acknowledged as ours. Our house is so small that we cannot brood all our chicks at home, but we want to, or we ought to want to, and we will if normal instincts prevail over material difficulties.

OUR TRUSTEESHIP.

THE call for a sum of $50,000 expresses much more than a need of the medical profession, but we are immediately concerned with the need of a new building, and our argument is limited to the medical man's interest in this investment. The vision of a new, commodious and comfortable home is of itself sufficiently alluring, but this prospect does not reveal the economic merits of our present effort. Above considerations of physical comfort and of social propriety we have found spheres of public and pro

fessional utility, in which, for want of house room, we are less efficient than we should be. We need this money in order to liberate our moral, social and civic powers as well as our technical abilities. We shall not try to compute, much less to state, in units of value the equivalents of these energies. Having only narrow ends in view, it would pay to scatter coin for the sake of increasing the productiveness of such assets.

But beside these two considerations, and as good as the better of them, we owe at least $50,000 on account of our actual material holdings. When we say that we have realty worth $15,000 we have said as little as possible about our material resources. We are trustees of the property accumulated during more than a century by our fathers. The contents of our house on Hamilton terrace are literally invaluable. If destroyed, as they might easily be by fire, the loss would be irreparable and beyond calculation. Three thausand dollars a year would be well spent to guarantee its preservation on account of its historic value. Fifty thousand dollars would afford us very poor consolation if this collection were lost.

Rich as they are in historic and sentimental value, the contents of our building are chiefly valuable as live material for working-day use. Here is a living, growing collection of books, unfavorably planted, suffering from insufficient sunshine, not able to send roots downward or to bloom upward as a well-housed, well-tended library should. By unfavorable surroundings potential wealth is restrained in the development of actual wealth.

The story of our unwise hoarding is not yet complete. We have some $20,000 which have come to us as expressions of affection for two men of our day, one passed on forever, and the other living, but absent. To this we should add the cash equivalent of the moneys paid into the treasury each year. A payment of $7 signifies a proprietary interest in the concern amounting to about $116; a payment of $3 means a permanent interest worth about $50. Figuring on a stable membership (it is really a growing one), we should find that a practical capitalization of our business would run into figures which outrun the sober experience of the average physician. Here, then, is what the call for $50,000 means: It means that we are dealing with our valuable concern, not as a going concern, but rather as an unconcern; it means that we of our day have not paid any inheritance tax. We have put our heritage away in a napkin. We are idle toward our greater tasks, though good enough for an ordinary day's work. We have not realized our worth nor realized upon our worth. The call for $50,000 means no more than to raise our working power from 45 pounds to 50 pounds, adding 11 per cent. to power and quadrupling our output. It means the conversion of potential wealth into actual wealth; and this is an appeal, not so much to the man who can afford to leave capital idle, as to the man who must make every dollar work. These are the great majority, and it it to them especially that the call comes on its merits as profitable investment, enabling them to realize on potential capital which belongs to them, and needs only to be unlocked in order to assume its proper function as a live asset.