A. WATER OAK THE SECOND YEAR AFTER PLANTING. SUCH HEAVY TOPPING
ENTIRELY ALTERS THE NATURAL SHAPE OF THE CROWN IN MANY SPECIES AND
RETARDS GROWTH SEVERAL YEARS.

B. STAG-HEADED TREE. THE TRUNK IS TOO LONG FOR THE SIZE OF THE
CROWN. THE CROWN SHOULD BE LOWERED BY PRUNING AS INDICATED BY LINES.
THIS TREE IS ALSO SUFFERING FROM GENERAL NEGLECT AND REQUIRES THE RE-
MOVAL OF MANY DEAD LIMBS AND SWAYS, THE FILLING OF MANY CAVITIES AND
THE REMOVAL FROM THE STEM OF THE LOWEST ADVENTITIOUS SHOOTS.

Slender trees, especially evergreens, should be firmly tied by means of leather thongs to stakes deeply driven into the ground. If it is necessary to protect the tree from animals or there is danger from sun scald, the tree should be boxed as is described on page 21. The necessary pruning of the tree should be done before it is planted. It should be examined several times during the first season to determine whether the specimen is suffering from drought, whether the stake support or guard is secure, whether there is rubbing of the fastenings, and whether there are present any insects like scales, which are very injurious. The subsequent health and vigor of the tree will amply repay such care bestowed upon it for the first few years after planting.

GENERAL SUGGESTIONS FOR STREET PLANTING.

In selecting trees for street planting the following points should be considered:

Width of walks and width of street.

Size of tree and shape of crown.

Ability to stand pruning where the tree cannot be permitted to attain full size.

Age the tree attains under the local conditions.

Freedom from disease; objectionable insects; fruit, either large or stony or attractive to birds; dropping of twigs; objectionable odors. Suitability of tree to the local conditions of

Drainage or water supply,

Depth and quality of soil,

Available root area, space and shape of root system,

Smoke and chemical gasses from reduction plants, fertilizer factories, etc.

Date of leafing, of defoliation and winter habit.

Ornamental characters, flowers, color of autumn foliage.

The following trees are selected as being the most desirable for general street planting in towns and cities of North Carolina. When a tree is suited for only one or two sections of the State, the section or sections for which it is adapted are indicated by E. for eastern, M. for middle, and W. for the western portion; otherwise it may be considered as adapted to any part of the State. Trees having very large nuts, pulpy or juicy fruit or very objectionable qualities, have been excluded from this list, but will be found in the general list of shade trees. On account of the superiority of the trees in this list over other trees suitable for planting in this State, they will be referred to as standard shade trees.

Of this number the following are adapted for planting only on very wide streets, on parking strips or along avenues, and are not recommended for general sidewalk planting on account of their large size, and spreading crowns, unless it is expected to trim them to keep them in bounds: white oak, live oak, red oak, black oak, swamp chestnut oak, southern red oak (Spanish oak), tulip poplar, sycamore, oriental plane, sweet gum.

ORNAMENTAL TREES.

Partly in addition to the above, there are a number of species having showy flowers, some of which admit of use alone as standard shade trees as indicated by being included in the above list; most of them, however, are not well suited for use alone, but are preferably used in alternation with standard shade trees, or for centre planting.