for the year ending December 31, 1893, was about $4,559,000. For the census year 1880 it was $1,340,000, and for the census year 1890 it was, for the entire State, $5,767,687.

The output for 1893 came from 323 lumber-mills, including shingle-mills, with an aggregate capital of $4,690,000. The capital reported by the census, for the entire State, in 1890 was $5,319,500, invested in 688 establishments.

The capital engaged respectively in the manufacture of shingles and board cannot be separated, since the manufacture of shingles is largely engaged in by mills producing other lumber products. The number of mills engaged in the manufacture of lumber was 281, with an output in 1893 of 455,865,000 feet, board measure, valued at about $3,745,000. The number of shingle-mills was 65 (42 exclusively shingle-mills), with an output of 166,180,000 shingles, valued at about $813,280.

OUTPUT OF LUMBER AND SHINGLES.

The output of lumber and shingles and the capacity of the lumber and shingle-mills in operation in each county for the year ending December 31, 1893, was as follows:

Output of Lumber and Shingles, Eastern North Carolina, 1893.

The figures show the quantity of lumber manufactured in each county rather than the amount cut in each. In some cases logs were carried to large mills from several adjoining counties, and are here credited to counties where sawn. *Partly estimates made by lumbermen.

No reports made.

Mills destroyed before the end of

The output is at least one-tenth less than it would have been under normal trade conditions, since 107 mills, with an output of 230,000,000 feet, board measure, reported an average idleness of seven weeks. Many mills also that did not shut down considerably reduced their output during a part of the year. The unprecedented freeze during the month of January, 1893, caused many mills dependent upon the water-courses for their supply or operation to shut down for several weeks. The output would otherwise have been over 500,000,000 feet.

In the preceding statement the output for the respective counties does not necessarily mean that the timber was produced in them, but merely that it was manufactured in these counties. Camden, Chowan and Perquimans counties now produce but a small proportion of the timber manufactured in them; it comes from Bertie, up the Chowan river, and the counties lying on the southern side of Albemarle sound.

The proportion of timber produced by individual counties is more nearly represented by a subsequent table showing the amounts of timber and timbered lands held by logging and milling companies in each county, though there are given no actual figures of the production of timber by counties. There are only a few towns in the State which have a large annual output, the mills in general being scattered through the timbered districts.

The relative rank, capital invested, yearly capacity, output and value of output of the three producing points, for 1893, were as follows:

Capital, Output, etc., at Different Lumber Markets in Eastern North Carolina, 1893.

*Not full, partly based on a bulletin of the U. S Census of 1890.
Partly taken from the custom-house records of Wilmington.
Includes James City, a village on the opposite side of the Trent river.

The apparent disproportion between capital and value of output in the various statements is due to the different extent to which remanufacturing is carried at different places. Wilmington, too, largely increased during 1893 the capital engaged there in milling, but not sufficiently early in the year to increase the output in like ratio. The output of no shingle-mills or remanufacturing establishments except such as are connected with lumber-mills is included. in the above. Elizabeth City and Edenton, with twelve mills, had a combined output of 38,000,000 feet, board measure, and 21,000,000 shingles. The shingles made in these places were largely from juniper or white cedar; the lumber was chiefly made from the loblolly pine. All except a small part of the output of Wilmington was from long-leaf pine, that of Newbern and Washington was largely loblolly pine, less than five per cent. being long-leaf. The Aberdeen district in Moore county, and the western part of Cumberland county produced in 1893 over 31,000,000 feet of long-leaf pine.

LUMBER PRODUCT FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF TREES.

The output in eastern North Carolina, 1893, of lumber and shingles was distributed according to kind of tree as follows:

*The savanna and short-leaf pine were sawn along with the loblolly and not distinguished from it, so there was no way of getting any accurate information about the quantity of these that was sawn. The savanna pine formed a large part of the material sawn at some mills in the extreme east, but there was no appreciable amount of short-leaf pine sawn except along the western boundary of the pine belt. Loblolly pine was reported as being sawn in thirty-three counties, and in twenty of these no long-leaf pine was sawn. Long-leaf pine was sawn in twenty-one counties and entirely sawn to the exclusion of the loblolly pine in six counties. The counties which produced the most loblolly pine were Beaufort, Bertie, Columbus, Craven, Dare, Gates, Halifax, Hertford, Jones, Lenoir, Martin, Onslow, Perquimans and Washington. Those which produced the most long-leaf pine were Cumberland, Moore, Richmond, Sampson and Robeson counties.

Including small quantities of persimmon, sweet-gum, oak and dogwood.

Of the above amounts of lumber sawn there were 138,420,000 feet remanufactured at the mills, of which 101,420,000 feet were of loblolly pine and 37,000,000 feet were long-leaf pine. Besides this it is estimated that there were 45,000,000 feet of both kinds remanufactured at separate establishments in Moore, Richmond and Perquimans counties.

The amount of lumber used locally, including that shipped to other points in North Carolina, was 79,200,000 feet, of which 52,000,000 feet was long-leaf pine lumber. It seems that long-leaf pine lumber is much more widely used in the State than that made from the loblolly pine. This is because the long-leaf pine timber lasts so much longer than that of other pines when used in exposed situations, as is generally the case in this State. Most of the loblolly pine used in North Carolina is sawn in the counties where it is used. What is exported goes to the Northeastern States, about the same amount going by rail as by water. The long-leaf pine lumber, except that from Wilmington, goes to Virginia, Pennsylvania, and other interior States. That from Wilmington goes to coastwise ports and to the West Indies.

LUMBER SHIPMENTS FROM WILMINGTON.

The total shipments of lumber, the foreign exports and the value of the latter, from Wilmington for the years 1873, 1883 and each year of the past decade were as follows:

Quantity and Value of Lumber Shipped from Wilmington, 1873-'93.

*From the records of the Wilmington Board of Trade. For the compilation of these figures and others obtained from these records the Survey is indebted to Col. J. L. Cantwell, Secretary of the Wilmington Board of Trade. These figures indicate the number of feet in board measure. +From the custom-house records.