French Rural History: An Essay on Its Basic Characteristics

agrarian history agricultural revolution Ancien Régime ancient arable aratrum Arch areas assarters Béarn Beauce Brittany Burgundy Carolingian Cartulaire civilisation collective grazing collective obligations communal grazing corn countryside crop rotation custom d'histoire demesne economic eighteenth century enclosed enclosure estates example fact farming fields followed forest France Frankish French Gaul Guérard harvest herd historian Historique Hubert-Folie labour laboureurs land clearance landlords Languedoc less long-furlong lord Lorraine Lucien Febvre Magny-sur-Tille manse Marc Bloch meadows medieval ment Middle Ages Montbéliard Normandy Notre-Dame de Paris open-fields origin parcels Paris Parlement peasants period permanent plots Poitou population practice proprietors Provence provinces quartiers recognised regime regions rents Revue Roman rule rural seigneurial serfdom serfs settlement siècle sixteenth century slaves social soil sometimes sown strips stubble tallage tenants tenures thirteenth century tion twelfth century village villein wheeled plough whole