This new regulation extends to every place at which an Austrian garrison exists, and will, as is stated, be strictly enforced against English and American travelers. It is, therefore, advisable that those of our countrymen who intend to travel in the interior of Germany or into Italy, should have their passports vised at the Austrian le gation at Washington, or at Paris or London.

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

LIGHT-HOUSES AT PORT MAHON AND DRAGONERA.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, April 7, 1852.

FREEMAN HUNT, Esq., Conductor Merchants' Magazine, New York:

SIR-I transmit to you, inclosed, a translation of two notices, relative to the erection of Light-Houses, recently established by the Spanish Government, at the Port of Mahon, and on the Island of Dragonera, for such use as you may choose to make of them. I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,

DANIEL WEBSTER.

LIGHT HOUSE OF THE ISLAND OF DRAGONERA.

GENERAL DIRECTION OF PUBLIC WORKS.

From the 20th March, 1852, a light will be kindled every night, from the setting to the rising of the sun, in a new light-house established upon the central summit of the Island of Dragonera, called Single de Ginavera, on the same site where there stood an old watch-tower.

Its situation, according to the meridian of Cadiz, is of 8° 37′ 20′′ E. longitude, and 39° 37′ 50′′ of N. latitude. Its apparatus is a catadioptrical, large model, with scintillations at intervals of two minutes. The light is raised 360 m. 19 above the level of the sea; it produces a tangent of 18 miles; but it may be descried from a greater or lesser distance, according to the state of the atmosphere and the elevated position of the observer.

LIGHT-HOUSE OF THE PORT OF MAHON.

From the 20th March, 1852, a light will be kindled every night, from the setting to the rising of the sun, in a new light-house established at the extremity of San Felipe and S. E. angle of the entrance of Port Mahon, upon the remains of an ancient castle of that name. Its distance in a level line from the waters of the sea is of 126 m., and the rocky banks, which produce visible breakers, extend to a distance of nearly 200 feet. The situation of the light-house, in regard to the meridian of Cadiz, is of 10° 40′ 8′′ of E. longitude, and of 39° 50' 28" N. latitude.

Its apparatus is catadioptrical of the sixth order of fixed and luminous light, 270° horizontally.

The light is raised 22 m. 66 above the level of the sea; it produces a tangent of 6 miles, but may be descried at a greater or lesser distance, according to the state of the atmosphere and the position of the observer.

PORT REGULATIONS OF SHANGHAE.

The following regulations went into operation on the 24th September, 1851Buoys will be placed at the northern and southern extremities of the anchorage, in order to establish the line of boundary, and it will be obligatory upon all vessels to anchor within the defined limits.

The harbor-master shall berth all foreign vessels arriving at the anchorage at Shanghae, superintend their mooring and unmooring, and take them safely out when ready to depart, for which he receives ten dollars on all vessels above 150 tons.

No vessel under any foreign flag, having gunpowder or other combustibles on board, shall be permitted to anchor among the foreign vessels or in their near vicinity.

No sailor from a foreign vessel can be discharged or left behind at this port without the express sanction of the consul reporting the vessel.

LIGHT-HOUSE AT THE MOUTH OF THE RIVER LLOBREGAT.
DEPARTMENT OF State, WashinGTON, March 23, 1852.

FREEMAN HUNT, Esq., Conductor of the Merchants' Magazine, etc.

SIR :--The inclosed intelligence, respecting a new light-house, erected at the mouth of the river Llobregat, near the city of Barcelona, is transmitted to you for such use as you may think proper to make thereof.

I am, sir, respectfully, your obedient servant,

W. HUNTER, Acting Secretary.

BUREAU OF LIGHT-HOUSES-GENERAL DIRECTION OF PUBLIC WORKS. From the 1st of March, 1852, a light will burn every night, from the setting to the rising of the sun, in a light-house, which has been established on the projecting point formed by the river Llobregat, where it empties itself into the sea. The light-house is situated on the left bank of the river, and has been constructed upon an old battery, which is put down in the maps and marine charts by the name of Torre de la punta del rio. Its location, in regard to the actual conformation of the shore, is as follows:distance from the mouth 2,520 Castillian feet; distance from the coast 1,803 Castillian feet. The geographical position of the light-house is the following:-latitude 41° 19' 12" N., longitude 8° 26' 30" East of Cadiz. Its apparatus is of the second calioptric order, Fresnel, composed of a revolving light with obscurations at every thirty seconds' interval, the whole revolution being performed in six minutes. The light is of a natural color, it is placed at an elevation of 116 Castillian feet above the level of the sea, producing a tangent of 10.5 miles, but may be descried from a greater distance, according to the state of the atmosphere and the elevation of the observer. As a guide to those navigators who may approach the port of Barcelona from the west, it is necessary to remark, that all vessels that may find themselves two miles south of Punta lirrosa, on the coasts of Garraf, must shape their course 12° to the south of the light of the light-house, as much to avoid the shores on the left bank of the river Llobregat, as to keep watch for a shoal on said bank, situated 0.8 mile westward of the mouth of the river, which stretches out for a distance of 1.5 miles S. S. E. of the light-house. Following the above-mentioned course, said vessels may steer for the port of Barcelona, when the light-house bears 35° west of them.

MADRID, December 11, 1852.

[True copy.]

CONCERNING SABLE ISLAND.

[Signed]

REINOSO.

The information contained in the subjoined extract from a letter of H. W. BAYFIELD Captain Surveying the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is important to our navigation, to Great Britain, France, and the North of Europe; the more so as the English charts, according to G. W. Blunt, with the exception of the admiralty, place Sable Island from fourteen to twenty-two miles too far to the westward, and six miles too far north.

EXTRACTS FROM CAPTAIN BAYFIELD'S REPORT ON SABLE ISLAND-SEPT., 1851. The western flagstaff at the principal establishment in Sable Island is in latitude 43° 56' 33" N., lon. 60° 3' 16.7" W.

The eastern extreme of the Grassy Sand Hills is in lat. 43° 59′ 0.5" N., lon. 59° 45' 59" W.

The east extreme of the Sand Hills alone remains unchanged from comparison with the observations of Admiral Ogle's officers.

No reason to find fault with their determination of latitude and longitude. Two miles of the west end of the island washed away since they were observed in 1828. This reduction and consequent addition to the western bar is reported to have been in operation since 1811, and seems almost certain to continue.

An opinion exists that the island is insensibly becoming narrower.

It is agreed by all that there has been no material change in the east end of the island within the memory of any one acquainted with it.

The western bar can be safely approached by the lead, from any direction, with common precaution.

The length of the N. E. bar has been greatly exaggerated, but it is still a most formidable danger; it extends 14 miles from the island to 10 fathoms, and is 13 miles to

6 fathoms; all within the last named depth being a line of heavy breakers in bad weather. Not far from the extremity of the bar the depth is 170 fathoms, so that a vessel going moderately fast, might be on the bar in a few minutes after in vain trying for soundings. This bar, moreover, is very steep all along its north side, and is on these accounts exceedingly dangerous.

The reduction of this bar from its reported length of 28 miles to its real length of 14 miles, greatly lessons one of the objections to a light on the east end of the island. The people of the island frequently see the mail steamers passing, as well as other vessels, which from their distance were probably unaware of their proximity.

STATISTICS OF POPULATION, &c.

POPULATION OF CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES.

POPULATION OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWNS IN THE UNITED STATES, WITH THEIR DECENNIAL INCREASE PER CENT, FROM 1830 To 1850.

The population of Nicaragua may be estimated at 250,000. The civilized Indians, and those of Spanish and negro stocks crossed with them, constitute the mass of the population. The pure individuals of pure European stock constitute but a small part of the whole, and are more than equaled in number by those of pure negro blood. The entire population may be divided as follows:

Most of these live in towns, many of them going two, four, and six miles daily to labor in the fields, starting before day and returning at night. The plantations, "haciendas," "hattos," "ranchos," and "chacras" are scattered pretty equally over the country, and are reached by paths so obscure as almost wholly to escape the notice of travelers who, passing through what appears to be a continual forest from one town to the other, are liable to fall into the error of supposing the country almost wholly uninhabited. Their dwellings are usually of canes, thatched with palm, many of them open at the sides, and with no other floor but the bare earth, the occupation of which is stoutly contested by pigs, calves, fowls, and children. These fragile structures, so equable and mild is the climate, are adequate to such protection as the natives are accustomed to consider necessary. Some of them are more pretending, and have the canes plastered over and whitewashed, with tile roofs and other improvements; and there are a few, belonging to large proprietors, which are exceedingly neat and comfortable, approaching nearer our ideas of habitations for human beings.

A large part of the dwellings in the towns are much of the same character; the residences of the better classes, however, are built of adobes, are of one story, and inclose large courts, which are entered under archways often constructed with great beauty. The court-yard has generally a number of shade trees, usually orange, making the corridors, upon which all the rooms open, exceedingly pleasant.

The State is divided into five Departments, each of which has several Judicial Districts, as follows:

The population here given is the result arrived at, in round numbers, by a census attempted in 1846. It was only partially successful, as the people supposed it preliminary to some military conscription, or new tax.

The principal towns of the State, with their estimated population, are as follows:

It is a singular fact that the females greatly exceed the males in number. In the Department Occidental, according to the census, the proportions were as three to two!

PROGRESS OF LIVERPOOL IN POPULATION AND COMMERCE.

The model of Liverpool, forwarded to the Great Exhibition in London, is accompanied with the following tabular statement, illustrative of the population of Liverpool under three Queens, namely, Elizabeth, Anne, and Victoria :

This great metropolis of the western seas, built upon more hills than Rome was, and, unlike her, built almost in a “day," contains a population of twenty-three thous and, who, attracted by the sparkling of gold, have come hither from every quarter of the habitable globe. From the sunny climes of Spain and Italy, from the fairy lands of Persia and Arabia, from the regions of snow and ice in Norway and Russia, from the corn and vine lands of pleasant France, from the British isles and colonies, from the green South America, from the imperial dominions of the near relative of the Sun and Moon, and from the golden islands of the Pacific, have they come in myriads to California. In our streets the fair European jostles with the swarthy Kanaka or the darker Hindoo; the pious Mussulman says his daily prayers, as he passes the churches of the Christian, the calculating German drives hard bargains with the volatile Frenchman, and the stiff made Yankee daily deals with the long-tailed Chinaman. Such an omnium gatherum of humanity was never before witnessed in the world's history. The golden charm has spoken the " open sesame to the brazen gates and lofty walls that have