view. In 1605 he reconstructed a set of rooms and a bursary out of the old bursary and vestry below the library; in 1616 he put the Lodgings in good order. In 1618 he commenced digging a large cellar under the old refectory, which proceeded to collapse; he then set to work to collect subscriptions for rebuilding it; and by 1620 had completed the present Hall at a cost of about £700. Of course he built sets of chambers over it, some of which were approached as at present and others by a staircase leading past the door of the Common Room. The windows were originally surmounted with ogee gables like those at University or Oriel; the north face of the entrance screen appears to be older than_the building. Among minor works may be mentioned the dials, one next the library windows in the E. range, which was made by Henry Gellibrand in 1623; the other (shown in Loggan) on the north range was constructed after Samminitiatus by Francis Potter. Potter also painted the copy of the Founder's portrait now in the Hall. In 1612-3" the Foundrs and the Foundress pictures" in the Hall cost £3 and £2, and were covered with a curtain; there was also "the Foundrs old picture" in the chapel with a curtain of greensay. Timber was often obtained from the estates for the repairs, esp. from Holcombe Grange, to which the bursars paid many visits in 1607-8, sometimes by water; "sol. vehenti nos per rivum in schaphis ijd."

The Library was largely increased partly by annual purchases mostly of classics, but especially by a gift of £100 from Lord Craven; Hyndmer's bequest was sufficient to finish the new bookcases, etc.; and a librarian was first appointed in 1629. About 1615-20

Kettell obtained a long lease from Oriel College of Perilous Hall which adjoined the College on the S.E., and proceeded to build the fine house which bears his name. There is no certainty that Kettell himself ever inhabited it; there is a blocked up doorway at the bottom of the garden, which led into the College grounds; and in bequeathing it in reversion to his nephew, Fanshaw Kettell, he seems to regard the 'chiefe house ground and appertinances' simply as an investment. Wood Wood says that plays were acted there secretly during the Puritan domination. After the Restoration it was certainly used for the reception of commoners, for Bathurst in 1665 speaks of "both the College and Kettell Hall" being brim full and running over. In 1675 a charge occurs for Mr. GILBERT BUDGELL'S (Sch. 1668, Fell. 1677-84) "chamber supervisour" at Kettell Hall, and the house continued to be used by the College during some part of the 18th century.

In Kettell's time the revenues began to increase, not only from the rents from the rooms and the numerous new musaea or studies, but from the falling in of the long leases of the Great Waltham and Dumbleton tithes in 1606-7. The increments were used to increase the commons and stipends1 under 18 Eliz. c. 6; and the fines on renewal of the new beneficial leases were distributed between the foundation and the general fund or Domus in the proportion of and, corresponding roughly to the Founder's apportionment of the original revenue. Room rents seem to have been treated similarly, a fixed sum of 6s. 8d. per occupant going into

1 £1 per week went to commons; of the balance the President had, the fellows and the scholars each.

the general account, together with the total rents of all studies, etc., if recently erected by the College; the assignment of a third to Domus began in 1809.1

Another source of revenue was a perpetual voluntary subscription invented by Kettell, 12 Dec. 1602, when he carried the Decretum de Gratis Collegio rependendis, which was often reprinted as a fly-sheet. The decree provided that any Fellow or Scholar inheriting property of the annual value of £5 or £10 should make a present to the College of £1 or £2 or so on in proportion; a benefice of £8 or £16 per annum should pay a similar tax of £1 or £2 or so on; while the acquisition of £100 or £200 of capital should make a man mindful to bequeath the College 5 per cent. of that sum in his will. An oath to observe this resolution was added to the statutes; Kettell started the "chest" with 40s. on account of the rectory of Garsington. This fund disappeared with the other spare cash in the civil wars; but the principle initiated by Kettell has done much to compensate the College for the absence of external benefactions, such as built up many of the wealthier corporations.

Another invention was the plate fund, to which every commoner was expected to contribute 20s. This sum was excused or returned if he gave a tankard or bowl with his name and arms, as was commonly done by the wealthier. Many lists have survived, but none of the plate so given, except two fine silver communion flagons,

1 The subject of the distribution of increased revenue is very obscure, since it was not all brought into account. These points are taken from an elaborate paper on Increments" drawn up by President Wilson in 1858.