Contemporary Physical Geology

accumulation amount areas atoms basaltic bedrock beds beneath calcium called cause cent chemical clay color composed composition continental continents core Courtesy crystals debris deep-sea deposits depth develop dissolved dolostone dunes earth earthquake eroded erosion eruptions example fault feldspar Figure floodplains flow folds formation fossils geologists glacial glaciers gradient grains granite gravity groundwater igneous rocks ions iron island Lake land lava layers limestone lithosphere located magma magnetic mantle margins mass wasting material melting ment metamorphic rocks meters mid-oceanic ridges minerals mountain move movement occur ocean floor oceanic crust origin oxygen particles plagioclase plane plate plate tectonics pressure quartz reef regions relatively result rhyolite rise River S-waves sand sandstone sea floor sea level sedi sediment sedimentary rocks seismic shale silicate slope soil strata stream structures tectonic temperature texture tion transport trenches tures U.S. Geological Survey valley velocity volcanic water table waves weathering wind