(a) This resolution is the language of the act of parliament,

(b) The words of grievance are justified, for

(a) Parliament has conceded it by repeal laws, (b) It is conceded by Lord North's Resolution;

3. No means of representation has been devised for the Colonies;

4. The Colonies have legally constituted assemblies
competent to assess and collect taxes for all
public expenses;

(a) The whole tenor of their acts shows this,
(b) The language of their grants shows this,
(c) If they were not competent, the ministers are
impeachable;

5. The Colonies have often made generous grants to
the Crown, which have been accepted; for

(a) The records of the Indian wars show this, (b) The records of foreign wars show it,

(c) Resolutions reimbursing them are on record, (a) April 4, 1748,

(b) January 28, 1756,

(c) Many others,

(d) The journals say nothing on revenue by impo

sition;

6. Experience shows the wisdom of allowing the Colonies to grant us supplies and aid instead of our imposing them :

H. Every alternative to allowing the Colonies their share in our constitution is removed, and

(Conclusion) 1. You must abandon theory and abide by ex

perience;

2. They must be granted the full right of legisla

tion;

3. Peace must be secured by conciliation.

II. Corollaries :

1. The Boston Port Bill — and like obnoxious legis

lation must be repealed;

(a) It is a dangerous precedent,

(b) It was passed irregularly;

2. The charter of Massachusetts Bay Colony must be restored;

3. The Act for bringing Americans to England for trial must be repealed.

4. It will be proper to secure to the Colonies fair courts of law;

5. It will be proper to regulate the Courts of Admiralty; for

(a) They are incommodiously situated,

(b) They partake in the fruits of their own condemnation.

III. Objections refuted:

1. The Resolutions prove too much, and go to the whole matter of legislation;

Answer: (a) The grievance is expressed in the words of an act of parliament, not mine,

(b) The inferences drawn are not mine,

(c) The grievance coincides exactly with the case
of the Colonies,

(d) The colonists demand only what is reasonable,
(e) Government is founded on compromise,
(f) Possible loss as well as gain must be considered,
(g) Colonies will respect our legislation when it is
their security;

2. This concession to the Colonies would dissolve the

unity of the empire;

Answer: (a) This unity is an unheard of thing,

(b) Any subordination of parts excludes unity,
(c) England cannot be head and members too,
(d) There will still remain the same unity as is
present with England, Ireland, Wales, Ches-

3. Lord North proposed to free from taxation any

Colony which should guarantee an amount satis

isfactory to the mother country, &c., she being judge;

Answer: (a) This proposition is a mere project, lacking (a) reason, (b) experience, (c) analogy, (d) root in the Constitution,

CONCLUSION.

(b) It will be fatal to the Constitution,

(a) Lord North must still settle the quota of each Colony,

(b) You can neither add nor alter,

(c) It does not satisfy the complaint of the Colonies,

(a) It gives the same grievance for a remedy, (b) You would object to some sources of rev

enue,

(d) It will plunge you into great difficulties,

(a) Colony agents could not have general power, and

(b) Attempts at settlement would end in confusion,

(c) You must burden the innocent with the guilty or for them,

(d) If you settle a permanent contingent, you have no revenue,

(e) If you change the quota, you have a new

quarrel,

(e) The object of the proposal is destruction to
the Colonies, not advantage to ourselves,
(ƒ) A comparison of Lord North's proposal with
the proposal of conciliation by conceding to
the Colonies the privilege of taxing them-
selves, shows all the advantages to be on the
side of the latter.

C.

4. The financier objects, that the concession will give us peace, but it will give us no revenue; Answer: (a) It will give the Colonies the power of refusal of

taxes,

(b) This is the mightiest of all sources of revenue,

(a) Our experience proves this,

(b) All men desire the honor and glory of their country,

(c) Government thus becomes the stakeholder of parties,

(d) This encourages instead of destroying generosity,

(e) No revenue can be gotten from America by compulsion,

(f) The strongest of ties is the association of civil rights with the prosperity of

government,

(g) The love of the English people is the life of the English nation,

(h) Magnanimity in politics is the truest wis

dom;

I. An American revenue must be secured as American empire has been secured, by the granting of English privileges.

(Proposition proved).

As the American Colonies have no representation in Parliament, they must be conciliated by conceding to them the privilege of levying their own taxes.

OUTLINE OF HUXLEY'S THREE LECTURES ON

EVOLUTION.

A.

INTRODUCTION.

1. Man's conception of the nature of things has been of slow growth;

2. The constancy of the order of nature is now the dominant

idea;

(a) All events are based on cause and effect,

(b) All notion of chance is excluded,

(c) All human calculations are based upon it,
(d) The basis is completely logical;

3. This notion of constancy does not extend into the past;
4. Whether events always happened in this fixed order, is a
historical question; its answer must be sought in the
same way as the answer to other historical questions.

B.

DISCUSSION.

I. The case stated:

1. There are three hypotheses for the history of nature; (a) The universe has always existed in its present

condition,

(b) The universe came into existence without any precedent condition from which it could naturally have proceeded,

(c) The present universe has been evolved by a natural process, from an antecedent state, that

from another, and so on; no limit can be assigned to past changes.

2. These hypotheses mean :

(a) An observer, no matter how far back, would have

seen the earth as it now is-animals, plants, mountains, plains, waters. This is not inconsistent with uniformitarianism.