Note. 1 gallon. 1 peck. 1 bufhel, land measure. 1 comb, or half quarter. I chaldron. i wey. 1 laft, or 10 quarters. 1 chaldron. That in wheat flour there are always five bufhels to the fack: and falt and fea-coal are heaped, or else there are Eve pecks to the bushet. So poles in length, and 2 in breadth 1 acre. 40 poles in length, and 4 in breadth 1 acre. 4 poles in length I chain. The 10 chains in length, and 1 in breadth 1 acre 13 months, 1 day, and near 6 hours 1 folar year. In a Year there are, 13 months, 1 day, 6 hours. 52 weeks, 1 day, 6 hours. 365 days, 6 hours. 8,766 hours. 525,960 minutes. 31,557,600 feconds. Note. The folar year is divided into 12 unequal months, called calendar months, according to the ancient verfe, which may ferve to imprefs the number of days each month con tains, on the memory: Thirty days hath September, And all the reft have thirty-one. SECT. III. OF SUBTRACTION. SUBTRACTION, Vulgarly called Substraction, teacheth how to take a lefs number from a greater; and fheweth the remainder, excefs, or difference. Thus, if I take 7 from 9, there will remain 2. Rule. Place the lefs number under the greater; obferving, that the figures of each denomination in the lefs number stand directly directly under the figures of the fame denomination in the greater number; that is, the units under units, tens under tens, and pounds, fhillings, pence, ounces, drams, &c. &c. directly under the fame, as in addition. Then, beginning at the right hand, or the least denomination, take the value of each figure in the lefs number from that in the greater number, which stands directly over it; fetting down the remainder underneath. Proceed in this manner till the work be finiflied. But if, as it frequently happens, any fingle figure in the lefs number be greater than that in the greater number, from which it is to be taken; an unit is to be borrowed from the next figure towards the left hand of the greater number, and added to the uppermoft figure, that the bottom figure may be taken therefrom; which borrowed unit must be paid, or added to the next figure of the lefs number on the left hand. To fhew the ufe of this rule, I fay-Suppofe a merchant owed 69541. whereof he has paid 54437.: to know what remains to be paid, the fums are to be fet orderly one under the other, according to the foregoing rule, and as feen in the examples: then, beginning with the unit figures, in the first example, I fay, take 3 from 4 and there remains 1, which I fet under the line; next take 4 from 5 and there remains 1, which is alfo fet under the line; again, take 4 from 9 and there remains 5, which must be fet down as before; and, laftly, take 5 from 6 and there remains 1: thus there remains due 15111. Subtraction is proved by adding the remainder to the lefs of the two given numbers, and if the total of these two numbers amount to the exact sum of the greater number, the work work is right; otherwife not: thus, in this example, I add the remainder 1511% to the lefs number 5443. and the amount is 69547.; the fame as the greater number. as In the fecond example, I begin with the units, as before: saying, take 7 from 6 I cannot, but by borrowing 1 from the next figure 8, and which added to the 6 makes 16 (the 8 being the next fuperior number), I fay, 7 from 16 and there remains 9; then, for the 1 that I borrowed, I carry 1 in return to the next figure of the lefs number, faying, 1 that I borrowed and ois but 1, therefore, 1 from 8 and there remains 7; again, 9 from 8 I cannot, but borrowing before from the next figure, I fay, 9 from 18 and there remains 9; then for 1 that I borrowed, I must add 1 to the next figure 8, faying, 9 from 9 and there remains o (which may always be done when the two figures are the fame); again, 9 from 2 I cannot, but 9 from 12 (borrowing 1 from 7) and there remains 3; then 1 that I borrowed, added to the o, and taken from the 7, there remains 6: thus the work is finished. The proof demonftrates it right. I Proceeding in the fame manner in the third example, I fay, 2 from o I cannot, but 2 from 10 (borrowing one from the 7), there remains 8; then 1 that I borrowed and 9 is 10, 10 from 7 I cannot, but 10 from 17 and there remains 7; again, 1 that I borrowed and 4 is 5, 5 from 3 I cannot, but 5 from 13 (borrowing 1) and there remains 8; then, 4 from o (or nothing) I cannot, but 4 from 10and there remains 6; again, I, that I borrowed, from 9 and there remains 8; and 4 from 12 and there remains 8; and I that I borrowed and 8 is 9, from 10, and there remains 1; and 1 that I borrowed and 2 is 3 from 7 and there remains 4; lastly, 1 from 3 and there remains 2. |