Quintus, Sanctus Acca, viginti quatuor annis.
Sextus, Fredbertus, triginta quatuor annis.
Septimus, Sanctus Alcmundus, tredecim.
Octavus, Tilbertus, octo.

Nonus, Etinebertus, septem.

Decimus, Eadredus, tribus.

Undecimus, Ganbertus, vel Osbertus, tredecim.

Duodecimus, Tydferdus. Sed tempus episcopatus hujus ignoratur.

Itaque episcopatus Haugustaldensis ecclesiæ, incipiens circa sexcentesimum septuagesimum quartum Dominicæ Incarnationis annum, duravit centum quadraginta et quatuor annis, excepto ultimo episcopo cujus tempus ignoratur, scilicet usque ad octingentesimum quartum-decimum annum Dominicæ Incarnationis. Et extunc deficientibus episcopis cessavit dicta sedes ante devastationem provinciæ Northamhymbrorum, quæ octingentesimo septuagesimo quinto anno Incarnationis Dominicæ ab Haleden Dano facta est; et ex fundatione Lindisfarnensis ecclesiæ ducentesimo quadragesimo primo; ab obitu Sancti Cuthberti centesimo octogesimo nono; et ex qua Haugustaldensis ecclesiæ episcopi defecerunt quinquagesimo quarto. Et tunc Eardulphus, episcopus Lindisfarnensis, et abbas ejusdem Eadredus, de insula Lindisfarnensi incorruptum corpus Sancti Cuthberti cum maxima parte thesauri illius ecclesiæ exportaverunt; et ante faciem barbarorum per septem annos de loco ad locum cum illo discurrerunt. Tandem vero redeuntes, ad villam olim Kunchacestram vocatam devenerunt, ibique cum reliquiis quieverunt.

Et multo tempore deficientibus episcopis Haugustaldensis ecclesiæ, dictus Eardulphus episcopalia officia ibidem exercere cœpit; et successores ejusdem, primo apud Konchestre, post apud Dunelmum, usque ad tempus Henrici regis Primi, circiter annos (blank) episcopalia officia agebant. Sed orta dissentione inter Henricum regem Angliæ Primum et Ranulphum Dunelmensem episcopum, dictus rex dictum episcopum ecclesia Haugustaldensi cum regione pertinenti privavit, et contulit archiepiscopatui Eboracensi; licet virtute donationis factæ per reges Cuthredum et Aluredum Deo et Sancto Cuthberto, et sibi ministrantibus, de tota terra inter Tesam et Tynam, ecclesia de Hexham, cum regione adjacente, ex parte australi Tyne sita, inter metas terræ Sancti Cuthberti protunc fuerat comprehensa.

APPENDIX.

1.-ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE NEAR HEXHAM IN WHICH KING CADWALLA WAS SLAIN." [Bedæ Hist. Eccl., lib. iii., capp. i., ii. Ed. Smith.]

Infaustus ille annus et omnibus bonis exosus usque hodie permanet, tam propter apostasiam regum Anglorum qua se fidei sacramentis exuerant, quam propter vesanam Brittonici regis (Ceaduallæ) tyrannidem. Unde cunctis placuit regum tempora computantibus, ut ablata de medio regum perfidorum memoria, idem annus sequentis regis, id est, Osualdi, viri Deo dilecti, regno adsignaretur: quo, post occisionem fratris Eanfridi, super

This was the great victory over the Cumbrian Cadwalla which saved the Christians in Bernicia from destruction. It was won in 634 A.D. I have spoken elsewhere of the battle itself, and of the positions occupied by the contending parties, but a little may here be said of the places in which it began and ended. For several centuries there has been a controversy on these points.

The scene of the fight is called Catscaul by Nennius (Hist. Brit., ed. Stevenson, 51), and Cantscaul in the Annales Cambria (Monum. Hist. Brit., 832), an old word which is thus explained, pugna infra murum."

Bede tells us that the fight began at a place called Hefenfelth, and that Cadwalla was killed at Denisesburn. Now where is Hefenfelth, or Campus Cælestis, as the historian calls it?

Bede says that it was a little to the north of the Roman wall, and that the name Heavenfield was a presage of the victory which was to immortalize the ground. If the name existed before the fight, it points rather to a bleak elevated position, a "heaven-kissing hill." If it were subsequent to it, the origin of the word is an obvious one.

Leland tells us (Itin., ed. 1769, vol. vii., p. 61), "there is a fame that Oswald won the batelle at Halydene a two myles est from S. Oswalde's asche. And that Haliden is it that Bede caullith Havenfeld. And men there aboute yet finde smaule wod crossis in the grounde." The name of Haliden, of which I have early documentary evidence, is now lost, but it may be identified with Hallington, which lies two or three miles to the north-east of St. Oswald's. Among the charters at York, now lost, was one, (In pixide magna cum tribus stagiis in vestiario, tangente archiepiscopum Ebor. In primo stagio), a deed from Richard de Umfravill "super divisis moræ inter Haliden et Babington." Hallington and Bavington are contiguous. Mr. Errington, also, told Smith, the learned editor of Bede, b

veniente cum parvo exercitu, sed fide Christi munito, infandus Brittonum dux cum immensis illis copiis quibus nihil resistere

that Haliden and Hallington were identical, acquiring the information from his own muniment-room.

The place where Oswald set up his standard may be satisfactorily made out. In a metrical life of the sainted king, which is quoted by Gibson in his edition of Camden's Britannia, p. 1082, there occurs the following passage :

"Tunc primum scivit causam cur nomen haberet
Heavenfeld, hoc est, cælestis campus, et illi
Nomen ab antiquo dedit appellatio gentis
Præteritæ, tanquam belli præsaga futuri:
Nominis et causam mox assignavit ibidem
Cælitus expugnans cælestis turba scelestam.
Neve senectentis ignavia posset honorem
Tam celebris delere loci, tantique triumphi,
Ecclesiæ Fratres Haugustaldensis adesse
Devoti, Christumque solent celebrare quotannis.
Quoque loci persistat honos, in honore beati
Oswaldi regis ibi construxere capellam."

In the Nova Legenda Anglia, ed. 1516, fol. 254, the account of the battle and the standard is given in the words of Bede, but there is this variation, “ibi postmodum ecclesia constructa est, et ab ecclesia Hagustaldensi non multum distare noscitur."

Now there is only one chapel or church dedicated to St. Oswald in the neighbourhood of Hexham, and that is at a place about six miles from the town called St. Oswald's, a little to the north of the wall, exactly in the position that Bede describes, and it is just the place in which the king would choose to set up his standard. It seems plain then that St. Oswald's is the place to which Bede refers, and I endorse the view set forth in the Archeologia Eliana, part xvii., 104.

Cadwalla, however, was killed at Denisesburn, and the position of this stream has been entirely unknown. People have endeavoured, without just cause, to place it in the immediate vicinity of St. Oswald's, and, for the most part, behind the chapel. I have already shewn how unlikely that was from the character of the country. The following piece of direct evidence settles for ever this disputed point. This is in a charter made between Thomas de Whitington and archbishop Gray in the early part of the thirteenth century:

:

"Omnibus-Thomas de Whitinton, salutem. Noveritis me concessisse Waltero, Ebor. archiepiscopo, tertiam partem de Hoggesty, quam tenui de dono Ranulphi de Porchet, de qua cartham suam habui. Pro hac concessione dedit mihi dictus archiepiscopus, in escambium, xx acras terræ de vasto suo in Ruleystal, inter istas divisas, videlicet, inter Deniseburn, et Divelis, incipiendo ex parte orientali super Divelis, et ascendendo ad magnam viam quæ ducit usque ad forestam de Lilleswude. Reddendo inde annuatim eidem domino archiepiscopo et successoribus suis xl denarios. Hiis testibus B. Priore de Extold', Petro de Vallibus, Willelmo de Widindon, Adam Bertram, Roberto de Erington, Radulpho Erinton, Ricardo de Ulreme tunc ballivo, Johanne Haring, Willelmo de Haulton, et Reginaldo de Stowa, clerico, et aliis" (MSS. Lansdowne, ccccii, 19 a b.).

The original of this deed was at York in the repository which has just been mentioned. There is a copy of it on the roll of archbishop Gray, giving the date, "Data apud Torp, per manum magistri Simonis (de Evesham) ix kalendas Decembris, anno xviii."

Now the places mentioned in this charter can easily be recognized. They lie across the Tyne eight or nine miles to the south-east of St. Oswald's, not far from Dilston and the Devilswater, and below the town of Hexham. Lilleswood still bears its name, and so does Devilswater, and in the fork between Rowleywater and Devilswater there is a place called the Steel. The name of Denisesburn is lost, but it is almost certain, from measurement, if from nothing else, that it is identical with Rowley water.

posse jactabat, interemptus est; in loco qui lingua Anglorum Denisesburna, id est rivus Denisi vocatur.

Ostenditur autem usque hodie et in magna veneratione habetur locus ille, ubi venturus ad hanc pugnam Osuald signum sanctæ crucis erexit, ac flexis genibus Dominum deprecatus est, ut in tanta rerum necessitate suis cultoribus cælesti succurreret auxilio. Denique fertur quia facta citato opere cruce, ac fovea præparata in qua statui deberet, ipse fide fervens hanc arripuerit, ac foveæ imposuerit, atque utraque manu erectam tenuerit, donec adgesto a militibus pulvere, terræ figeretur; et hoc facto, elata in altum voce, cuncto exercitui proclamaverit: "Flectamus omnes genua, et Dominum Omnipotentem vivum ac verum in commune deprecemur, ut nos ab hoste superbo ac feroce sua miseratione defendat scit enim Ipse quia justa pro salute gentis nostræ bella suscepimus." Fecerunt omnes ut jusserat: sic incipiente diluculo in hostem progressi, juxta meritum suæ fidei, victoria potiti sunt. In cujus loco orationis innumeræ virtutes sanitatum noscuntur esse patratæ, ad indicium videlicet ac memoriam fidei regis. Nam et usque hodie multi de ipso ligno sacrosanctæ crucis astulas excidere solent, quas cum in aquas miserint eisque languentes homines aut pecudes potaverint sive asperserint, mox sanitati restituuntur.

Vocatur locus ille lingua Anglorum Hefenfelth, quod dici potest Latine Cælestis Campus; quod certo utique præsagio futurorum antiquitus nomen accepit: significans nimirum quod ibidem cæleste erigendum trophæum, cælestis inchoanda victoria, cælestia usque hodie forent miracula celebranda. Est autem locus juxta murum illum, ad` Aquilonem, quo Romani quondam ob arcendos barbarorum impetus, totam a mari ad mare præcinxere Brittaniam, ut supra docuimus. In quo videlicet loco consuetudinem multo jam tempore fecerant Fratres Hagustaldensis ecclesiæ, quæ non longe abest, advenientes omni anno pridie quam postea idem rex Osuald occisus est,' vigilias pro salute animæ ejus facere, plurimaque psalmorum laude celebrata, victimam pro eo mane sacræ oblationis offerre. etiam crescente bona consuetudine, nuper ibidem ecclesia constructa, sacratiorem et cunctis honorabiliorem locum omnibus fecere. Nec immerito, quia nullum, ut comperimus, fidei Chris

Qui

St. Oswald's day was the 5th of August. There was a special service in his honour in the Breviary of the church of York, and there is a life of him in the great work of the Bollandists.

Some have thought that it is the cross of Oswald which appears on one side of the great seal of St. Cuthbert's monastery at Durham. It seems rather to be a copy of the jewel which was taken from the body of the saint, and close to it, over the place where their pious patron's heart was once beating, the monks of Durham committed to his charge as a precious treasure king Oswald's skull.

tianæ signum, nulla ecclesia, nullum altare in tota Berniciorum gente erectum est, priusquam hoc sacræ crucis vexillum novus militiæ ductor, dictante fidei devotione, contra hostem immanissimum pugnaturus statueret.

Nec ab re est unum e pluribus quæ ad hanc crucem patrata sunt, virtutis miraculum enarrare. Quidam de Fratribus Hagustaldensis ecclesiæ, nomine Bothelm, qui nunc usque superest, ante paucos annos dum incautius forte noctu in glacie incederet, repente corruens brachium contrivit, ac gravissima fracturæ ipsius cœpit molestia fatigari; ita ut ne ad os quidem adducere ipsum brachium ullatenus dolore arcente valeret. Qui cum die quadam mane audiret unum de Fratribus ad locum ejusdem sanctæ crucis ascendere disposuisse, rogavit ut aliquam sibi partem de ille ligno venerabili rediens adferret, credere se dicens quia per hoc, donante Domino, salutem posset consequi. Fecit ille ut rogatus est, et reversus ad vesperam, sedentibus jam ad mensam Fratribus, obtulit ei aliquid de veteri musco quo superficies ligni erat obsita. Qui cum sedens ad mensam non haberet ad manum ubi oblatum sibi munus reponeret, misit hoc in sinum sibi. Et dum iret cubitum, oblitus hoc alicubi deponere, permisit suo in sinu permanere. At medio noctis tempore, cum evigilaret, sensit nescio quid frigidi suo latere adjacere, admotaque manu requirere quid esset, ita sanum brachium manumque reperit, ac si nihil unquam tanti languoris habuisset.

II. THE ACCOUNT OF THE BUILDING OF THE CHURCH OF HEXHAM

BY WILFRID. [Ex. Vita S. Wilfridi, auctore Eddio, inter
MSS. Cotton., Vesp. D., vi., 90 a.]

De Edificatione domus Dei in Hagustaldensæ. Ca. xix.

Adhærebat igitur, secundum Psalmistam, indesinenter Domino, ponens in Eum spem suam, reddensque Domino suo dulcissima, Qui ei omnia concedit. Nam in Hagustaldaesae, adepta regione a regina Sancta Ethildrythe Deo dedicata, domum Domino in honorem Beati Andreæ Apostoli fabre-factam fundavit, cujus profunditatem in terra cum domibus mirifice

The earliest record of the church which Wilfrid built at Hexham, written down by that prelate's own chaplain, and addressed to Acca, who succeeded him in his Northern see, and the abbat Tathbert. It is much to be regretted that Eddius was constrained to silence by the fancied magnificence of his theme.

The work of Eddius should be carefully studied in connection with Hexham and Wilfrid. It has been printed twice, although with many inaccuracies; i. e., in Gale's Scriptores, i., pp. 40—90, and in Mabillon's Acta SS. ord. S. B., sæc. iv., i., 670-722.

d Psalm. xxviii. 7; xxxviii. 15.