Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military PersonnelTraumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI. |
Contents
Summary | 1 |
Background | 11 |
1 Introduction | 13 |
2 Nutrition in Clinical Practice Guidelines for Traumatic Brain Injury | 23 |
3 Understanding Pathophysiological Changes | 31 |
Nutrition and TBI | 53 |
Mechanistic Targets | 55 |
5 Acquiring Resilience to TBI Prior to Injury | 69 |
13 Eicosapentaenoic Acid EPA and Docosahexaenoic Acid DHA | 188 |
14 Polyphenols | 205 |
15 Vitamin D | 227 |
16 Zinc | 233 |
Recommendations | 247 |
17 Summary of Recommendations | 249 |
Appendixes | 257 |
Agenda | 259 |
6 Energy and Protein Needs During Early Feeding Following Traumatic Brain Injury | 79 |
7 Antioxidants | 88 |
8 BranchedChain Amino Acids | 108 |
9 Choline | 115 |
10 Creatine | 130 |
11 Ketogenic Diet | 140 |
12 Magnesium | 157 |
Common terms and phrases
acute adverse effects animal models animal studies antioxidant assessment associated axonal BCAAs biomarkers blast blood CDP-choline cell death cerebral choline chronic clinical trials cognitive committee concussion cortical creatine critically ill patients curcumin damage decreased dietary supplements disease dose edema energy enteral nutrition epilepsy evidence factors feeding Findings/Results flavonoids function glucose guidelines head injury hippocampus human studies hypoglycemia improve increased inflammation inflammatory intake intensive insulin therapy ischemia ischemic stroke Journal of Neurotrauma ketogenic diet levels lipid magnesium mechanisms Medical Medicine metabolic mice mild military personnel mitochondrial mortality n-3 fatty acids neurological neuronal neuroprotective Neuroscience nutrients nutritional interventions nutritional support outcomes oxidative stress parenteral percent placebo polyphenols postinjury potential preinjury protein randomized recommendations reduced resilience resolvins resveratrol risk seizure Serhan serum severe TBI significant significantly subarachnoid hemorrhage TBI patients therapy tissue traumatic brain injury Type of Study vitamin vitamin E zinc