Covetousness and Luxury in our Feasts. 659 XIV. For thou wilt not surely tell me, that when full of wine, MATT. and drunken, and looking at a woman who is dancing and 6-9. uttering base words, thou dost not feel any thing towards her, neither art hurried on to profligacy, overcome by thy lust. Nay, that awful thing befals thee, that thou makest the members of Christ members of an harlot1. For though the daughter of Herodias be not present, yet the devil, who then danced in her person, in theirs also holds his choirs now, and departs with the souls of those guests taken captive. But if ye are able to keep clear of drunkenness, yet are ye partakers of another most grievous sin; such revels being also full of much rapine. For look not, I pray thee, on the meats that are set before them, nor on the cakes; but consider whence they are gathered, and thou wilt see that it is of vexation, and covetousness, and violence, and rapine. 11 Cor. 6, 15. "Nay, ours are not from such sources," one may say. God forbid they should be: for neither do I desire it. Nevertheless, although they be clear of these, not even so are our costly feasts freed from blame. Hear, at all events, how even apart from these things the prophet finds fault with them, thus speaking, Woe to them that drink wine racked off, and anoint themselves with the chief ointments. Seest? Amos thou how He censures luxury too? For it is not covetous- LXX. ness which He here lays to their charge, but prodigality only. And thou eatest to excess, Christ not even for need; thou various cakes, He not so much as dry bread; thou drinkest Thasian wine, but on Him thou hast not bestowed so much as a cup of cold water in His thirst. Thou art on a soft and embroidered bed, but He is perishing with the cold. Wherefore, though the banquets be clear from covetousness, yet even so are they accursed, because, while for thy part thou doest all in excess, to Him thou givest not even His need; and that, living in luxury upon things that belong to Him. Why, if thou wert guardian to a child, and having taken possession of his goods, were to neglect him in extremities, thou wouldest have ten thousand accusers, and wouldest suffer the punishment appointed by the 6, 6. XLVIII. 660 Parasites entertained, Christ rejected. HOMIL. laws; and now having taken possession of the goods of 8-10. Christ, and thus consuming them for no purpose, dost thou Luke 7, 45. not think thou wilt have to give account? [9.] And these things I say not of those who introduce harlots to their tables, (for to them I have nothing to say, even as neither have I to the dogs,) nor of those who cheat some, and pamper others, (for neither with them have I any thing to do, even as I have not with the swine and with the wolves;) but of those who enjoy indeed their own property, but do not impart thereof to others; of those who spend their patrimony at random. For neither are these clear from reprehension. For how, tell me, wilt thou escape reproving and blame, while thy parasite is pampered, and the dog that stands by thee, but Christ's worth appears to thee even not equal to theirs? when the one receives so much for laughter's sake, but the other for the Kingdom of Heaven not so much as the smallest fraction thereof. And while the parasite, on saying something witty, goes away filled; This Man, who hath taught us, what if we had not learnt we should have been no better than the dogs,-is He counted unworthy of even the same treatment with such an one? Dost thou shudder at being told it? Shudder then at the realities. Cast out the parasites, and make Christ to sit down to meat with thee. If He partake of thy salt, and of thy table, He will be mild in judging thee: He knows how to respect a man's table. Yea, if robbers know this, much more the Lord. Think, for instance, of that harlot, how at a table He justified her, and upbraids Simon, saying, Thou gavest Me no kiss'. I say, if He feed thee, not doing these things, much more will He reward thee, doing them. Look not at the poor man, that he comes to thee filthy and squalid, but consider that Christ by him is setting foot in thine house, and cease from thy fierceness, and thy relentless words, with which thou art ever aspersing such as come to thee, calling them impostors, idle, and other names more grievous than these. And think, when thou art talking so, of the parasites; what kind of works do they accomplish? in what respect do they profit thine house? Do they really make thy dinner That is, to respect the obligation incurred by having been a person's guest. Cruelty of encouraging Parasites. 661 XIV. pleasant to thee? pleasant, by their being beaten and saying MATT. foul words? Nay, what can be more unpleasing than this, 6-9. when thou smitest him that is made after God's likeness, and from thine insolence to him gatherest enjoyment for thyself, making thine house a theatre, and filling thy banquet with stage-players, thou who art well born and free imitating the actors with their heads shaven ? For among them too is laughter, and rude blows. These things then dost thou call pleasure, I pray thee, which are deserving of many tears, of much mourning and lamentation? And when it were fit to urge them to a good life, to give timely advice, dost thou lead them on to perjuries, and disorderly language, and call the thing a delight? and that which procures hell, dost thou account a subject of pleasure? Yea, and when they are at a loss for witty sayings, they pay the whole reckoning with oaths and false swearing. Are these things then worthy of laughter, and not of lamentations and tears? Nay, who would say so, that hath understanding? And this I say, not forbidding them to be fed, but not for such a purpose. Nay, let their maintenance have the motive of kindness, not of cruelty; let it be compassion, not insolence. Because he is a poor man, feed him; because Christ is fed, feed him; not for introducing satanical sayings, and disgracing his own life. Look not at him outwardly laughing, but examine his conscience, and then thou wilt see him uttering ten thousand imprecations against himself, and groaning, and wailing. And if he do not shew it, this also is due to thee. [10.] Let the companions of thy meals then be men that are poor and free, not perjured persons, nor stage-players. And if thou must needs ask of them a requital for their food, enjoin them, should they see any thing done that is amiss, to rebuke, to admonish, to help thee in thy care over thine household, in the government of thy servants. Hast thou c Comp. Homily xxxvii. 8. Of such parasites Juvenal says, (Sat. v. 170.) Omnia ferre Si potes, et debes. Pulsandum vertice raso Præbebis quandoque caput, nec dura timebis Flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus See Mr. Field's note. 662 The true Use and Honour of Dependent Friends. HOMIL. children? Let these be joint fathers to them, let them divide 10. thy charge with thee, let them yield thee such profits as XLVIII. God loveth. Engage them in a spiritual traffic. And if thou see one needing protection, bid them succour, command them to minister. By these do thou track the strangers out, by these clothe the naked, by these send to the prison, put an end to the distresses of others. Let them give thee, for their food, this requital, which profits both thee and them, and carries with it no condemnation. Hereby friendship also is more closely rivetted. For now, though they seem to be loved, yet for all that they are ashamed, as living without object in thy house; but if they accomplish these purposes, both they will be more pleasantly situated, and thou wilt have more satisfaction in maintaining them, as not spending thy money without fruit; and they again will dwell with thee in boldness and due freedom, and thy house, instead of a theatre, will become to thee a church, and the devil will be put to flight, and Christ will enter, and the choir of the Angels. For where Christ is, there are the Angels too, and where Christ and the Angels are, there is Heaven, there is a light more cheerful than this of the sun. And if thou wouldest reap yet another consolation through their means, command them, when thou art at leisure, to take their books and read the Divine Law. They will have more pleasure in so ministering to you, than in the other way. For these things add respect both to thee and to them, but those bring disgrace upon all together; upon thee as an insolent person and a drunkard, upon them as wretched and gluttonous. For if thou feed in order to insult them, it is worse than if thou hadst put them to death; but if for their good and profit, it is more useful again than if thou hadst brought them back from their way to execution. And now indeed thou dost disgrace them more than thy servants, and thy servants enjoy more liberty of speech, and freedom of conscience, than they do; but then thou wilt make them equal to the Angels. Set free therefore both them and thine own self, and take away the name of parasite, and call them companions of thy Mischief and Shame of unworthy ones. 663 XIV. meals'; cast away the appellation of flatterers, and bestow on MATT. them that of friends. With this intent indeed did God make 6-9. our friendships, not for evil to the beloved and loving, but for GUTTItheir good and profit. But these friendships are more grievous than any enmity. For by our enemies, if we will, we are even profited; but by these we must needs be harmed, no question of it. Keep not then friends to teach thee harm; keep not friends who are enamoured rather of thy table than of thy friendship. For all such persons, if thou retrench thy good living, retrench their friendship too; but they that associate with thee for virtue's sake, remain continually, enduring every change. And besides, the race of the parasites doth often take revenge upon thee, and bring upon thee an ill fame. Hence at least I know many respectable persons to have got bad characters, and some have been evil reported of for sorceries, some for adulteries and corrupting of youths. For whereas they have no work to do, but spend their own life unprofitably; their ministry is suspected by the multitude as being the same with that of corrupt youths. τους. Therefore, delivering ourselves both from evil report, and above all from the hell that is to come, and doing the things that are well-pleasing to God, let us put an end to this devilish custom, that both eating and drinking we may do all things to the glory of God, and enjoy the glory that 21 Cor. 10, 31. cometh from Him; unto which may we all attain, by the grace and love towards man of our Lord Jesus Christ, to Whom be glory and might, now and ever, and world without end. Amen. |