Modern Faith and ThoughtThielicke here studies the themes of doubt and appropriation in modern Protestant thought. A leading advocate of dialectical theology, Thielicke examines the work of the great German Protestant religious philosophers from Lessing and Schliermacher through Barth and Tillich, probing these theologians' understanding of their context and how this tradition can impact our own engagement with our times. Clear, finely nuanced, historically and philosophically mature, this is a vital reflection on the history of theology and in systematic theology. |
Contents
Goal and Method | 3 |
B Polar Structure of Theological Thinkin | 5 |
C Significance of the Spirit of the Time and Timebound Expressions | 7 |
D Program | 13 |
II METHOD | 16 |
A Pragmatically Determined Hermeneutics | 18 |
B HistoricoPsychologically Determined Hermeneutics | 22 |
2 The Comparative Method | 24 |
C Concluding Evaluation | 342 |
II Wilhelm Herrmann | 344 |
A Biography | 345 |
C Martin Kāhlers Christology in Contrast to Herrmanns | 354 |
D Herrmanns Ethical Views | 357 |
GWF Hegel | 362 |
II Foundations of the System | 365 |
III Philosophy of Religion | 376 |
C Existential Interpretation | 28 |
The Scope of Theological Thinking from the Enlightenment Doubt | 34 |
II Doubt of Gods Justice | 35 |
III Epistemological Doubt | 39 |
IV Pragmatic Doubt | 41 |
V The Question of Appropriation | 43 |
VI Survey of Themes for Discussion | 47 |
PREPARATORY CONCEPTIONS DESCARTES AND THE ENLIGHTENMENT | 49 |
Descartes The Breakthrough to the Human Subject | 51 |
II The Personality of Descartes | 58 |
III The Teachings of Descartes | 62 |
B His Proof of God and the World | 68 |
C The Doubting and the Believing Descartes | 73 |
Descartes as the Initiator of Coming Movements | 75 |
Reimarus and Deism | 79 |
II The Deistic Theology of Reimarus | 84 |
B Reimarus as a Representative of Deism | 90 |
III The Basic Problem of Theodicy | 97 |
B Death | 99 |
IV Implications for the Attitude to Conventional Christianity | 102 |
G E Lessing The Question of the Unconditioned in History | 109 |
II Lessings Wrestling with the Relation between Revelation and History | 110 |
C History as Threat | 114 |
False Assurances | 116 |
E Lessings Concept of Subjectivity | 118 |
F Lessing as a Precursor of Kierkegaard | 120 |
III Lessings Wrestling with the Relation between Revelation and Reason | 122 |
B Historical and Rational Concepts of Truth and Their Limitations | 123 |
C The Complementary Relationship of the Two Concepts | 125 |
D Reason Representative of the Total Person an Not Just the Rational Sector | 126 |
E The Abiding Transcendence of Revelation and Its Rational Content | 127 |
Two Concepts of Reason | 131 |
IV Critical Survey of Lessings Influence | 134 |
JS Semler The Question of the Conditioning of Revelation by History | 140 |
The Criteria of Understanding | 141 |
III Survey of Semlers Influence | 145 |
IV Accommodation to the Recipients of Proclamation | 147 |
V Special Implications for the Question of the Canon | 151 |
VI Conclusions | 154 |
THE GREAT SYSTEMS OF THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE | 157 |
The Correlation of Religion Christianity and Consciousness | 159 |
I Personality and Intellectual Physiognomy | 160 |
B Biography | 166 |
II Schleiermachers Main Theological Works | 177 |
A Speeches on Religion | 178 |
Structure | 180 |
The Theological Intentions of Schleiermacher | 203 |
The Soliloquies | 211 |
B The Christian Faith | 212 |
2 Sin and Christology | 221 |
Christology | 223 |
3 The Sermons the Problem of Eschatological Statements | 227 |
E SCHLEIERMACHERS SELFINTERPRETATION IN HIS LETTERS TO F LOCKE | 230 |
The Influence of Schleiermacher | 233 |
A Biography | 234 |
B Basic Theological Intention | 235 |
C The Relation between Present and Past in Salvation History | 238 |
D Decisive Questions | 240 |
7 Why Does He Choose This Theological Path and Not Another? | 241 |
3 What Is the Result for the Concept of Salvation History? | 242 |
E Concluding Critical Appraisal | 246 |
Alexander Schwizer | 248 |
B Schleiermacherian Approach | 249 |
C Predestination and Absolute Dependence | 250 |
D Theological Dead End | 253 |
Interlude The New Humanism or Human Liberation | 255 |
Wilhel von Humbodlt | 261 |
The New Humanism in the World of Modern Technology | 268 |
Immanuel Kant | 273 |
II Kants Place in the Epistemological Situation | 275 |
III The Relation between Thinking and Being | 283 |
IV First Survey of the Theological Influence of Kants Epistemology | 285 |
v Theological Interpretation of the Critical Works | 288 |
B Critique of Pure Reason | 289 |
C Critique of Practical Reason | 294 |
Heines Ironical Criticism of Kant | 302 |
Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone | 305 |
VI General Influence of Kants Philosophy | 309 |
VII Systematic Consideration of the Relation between Theonomy and Autonomy | 313 |
Kants View of Society The Relation between Morality and Law | 318 |
Theological Kantians | 324 |
An Elliptical Theology | 329 |
B Positive Religion and the Absoluteness of Christianity | 377 |
1 Reconciliation | 380 |
2 The Trinity | 382 |
C Dialectical Resolution of Antitheses | 383 |
2 God and Humanity | 384 |
IV Concluding Questions | 388 |
B The General Intellectual Question | 389 |
Theologians Influenced by Hegel | 391 |
B The Question of the Truth of Dogma | 392 |
C The Question of Gods Personality | 395 |
D The Question of Sin | 396 |
II Karl Barth | 399 |
B Threatened Evacuation of the Historical | 405 |
C Approximation to Universalism | 406 |
D The Basic Question of Theological Thoughts in Barth | 407 |
The Speculative Outsider | 409 |
A Biography | 410 |
B Secularization as the Absorbing of the Church | 412 |
C The Metaphysical Background | 417 |
D Concluding Evaluation | 421 |
LeftWing Hegelians | 424 |
B Intellectual Physiognomy | 427 |
The Broken Relationship with Hegel in the First Life of Jesus | 430 |
II Ludwig Feuerbach | 441 |
B Christianity and Religion | 443 |
2 Theology as Anthropology | 446 |
The End and New Beginning of Apologies | 449 |
D Feuerback and Successors | 457 |
1 Sigmund Freud | 458 |
2 Ernst Bloch | 459 |
3 JeanPaul Sartre | 461 |
Questions to Theology and Theological Counterquestions within the Framework of Anthropology | 464 |
A Authentic and Inauthentic Humanity | 465 |
1 The Place of the Anthropological Question | 466 |
3 Economic Humanity | 467 |
4 The Concept of Alienation | 468 |
B The Break in Marxist Anthropology | 469 |
1 The Idealistic Origin | 470 |
2 Humanity as the Transitional Point in Spiritual Processes | 471 |
3 The Break with Hegel | 472 |
4 The Extreme Opposite | 473 |
C Insight into Necessity as the Basis of Human Action | 474 |
1 The Problem of Responsibility | 475 |
2 The Dominion of Necessity | 476 |
3 The Dynamic Thrust of History | 477 |
4 The Validity of the Truncation of Humanity | 478 |
5 The Elimination of the Personal Sphere | 479 |
D Degradation of Human Beings to Mere Functions | 480 |
2 Communist Humanism | 482 |
4 Exclusion of Basic Anthropological Questions | 483 |
5 Socialism as a Free Act | 484 |
6 A Vague View of Humanity | 485 |
E Anthropological Miscalculation | 486 |
1 Authentic Humanity | 487 |
2 The Decisive Insight | 488 |
| 490 | |
A Biography | 491 |
B From Hegel to Kierkegaard | 494 |
C The Exisiting and the Abstract Thinker | 495 |
D The Infinite Passion of Inwardness | 497 |
The Lack of Direct Knowability | 500 |
F The Problem of Historical Certainity | 502 |
G The Leap into Faith | 504 |
H Why the Effort of Kierkegaardian Dialectic? | 507 |
I The Religious Author as Gods Spy and His Unmasking | 511 |
J Critical Evaluation | 514 |
Unconditionality from Relativism | 519 |
A Biography | 520 |
C The Historical Character of Human Reality First Phase | 522 |
D The Search for the Absolute | 525 |
E The Rank of Christianity in Religious History | 528 |
The Concept of the Religious A Priori with a Glance at Karl Heim | 531 |
G The Sharpened Problem of Relativism Second Phase | 538 |
1 The Involvement of Religion in the Prevailing Culture | 539 |
2 The Link between Religion and Individuation | 541 |
H CONCLUSION | 543 |
Results | 546 |
II Conclusion | 561 |
Paul Tillich | 564 |
| 573 | |
| 579 | |
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Common terms and phrases
absolute spirit achieve alien analogy anthropology arises Barth basic basis become biblical Bultmann certainty Christ Christian Christology church concept consciousness critical culture D. F. Strauss decisive deism Descartes dialectical divine doctrine dogmatic doubt Enlightenment entelechy Ernst Troeltsch eschatological eternal ethical evil existence existential experience expression fact feeling Feuerbach final finite spirit freedom goal God's Hegel Hegelian Hence hermeneutical Herrmann Hofmann human Ibid idea individual intellectual Jesus Kähler Kant Kant's Karl Barth Karl Heim kerygma Kierkegaard knowledge Lessing's Luther maieutic Marx Marxism means metaphysical modern moral nature normative objective ourselves person philosophy Pietism positive possible principle problem question rational reality reason regard Reimarus relation religion religious revelation Ritschl Schleiermacher Schleiermacher's secular self-consciousness Semler sense simply speak sphere statement Strauss theme theologians theology theonomy thesis things thinking thought transcendent Troeltsch true truth unconditional understanding universum valid Wilhelm Herrmann