ONEIDA, N. Y. Additions to sewer system The original plans for the sewer system of the village of Oneida were approved by the State Board of Health on April 7, 1892, and appear in the 13th annual report of the Board. Subsequent changes were approved on June 30, 1896, and May 28, 1897, and appear in the 17th and 18th annual reports respectively. On November 16, 1898, the State Board of Health approved a plan for an addition to the system, which plan is shown on plate "P" of this report. PLATTSBURGH, N. Y. Extension of sewer system The original plans for the sewer system of the village of Plattsburgh were approved by the State Board of Health on January 29, 1897, and appear in the 18th annual report of the Board. On January 28, 1898, the State Board of Health àpproved a plan for the extension of the system, which plan is shown on plates "Q" and "R" of this report. SING SING, N. Y. Extension of outlet sewer The sewers in the village of Sing Sing appear to have been constructed prior to the time of the enactment of the state laws requiring sewer plans to meet the approval of the State Board of Health. On April 1, 1898, the State Board of Health approved a plan for the extension of the outlet sewer, which plan is shown on plate "S" of this report. SARANAC LAKE, N. Y: Revision of sewer system Plans for the original sewer system of the village of Saranac Lake were approved by the State Board of Health on October 27, 1892, and appear in the 13th annual report of the Board. Owing to several causes, among them defective construction and unexpected and unforeseen development of the village and unexpected grading for the streets, thé trustees determined to provide a new system, using the old one as far as it should prove economical to do so. Accordingly plans for a new system were submitted to the State Board of Health and were approved by it on December 14, 1898. These plans comprise: a general contoured sewer map of the village, forming plate "T" of this report; six sheets of sewer profiles; a sheet of street sewer details; a set of specifications, form for bids, contracts, etc.; and a descriptive memoir by the designing engineer, which follows: DESCRIPTIVE REPORT ON SEWER PLANS FOR THE VILLAGE OF SARANAC LAKE, FRANKLIN CO., N. Y. GENERAL DESCRIPTION The village of Saranac Lake is situated on the Saranac river just below Lower Saranac lake in the southern part of Franklin county, the boundary line between Franklin county and Essex county passing through the corporation, leaving the major part of the village in the former county. The village has a permanent population of about 2000 people, with a transient population of nearly as many more. The topography is hilly and rugged, the soil sandy with many glacial boulders distributed over the surface and in the sub-soil. The village is located immediately on the lower end of an artificial pond called Lake Flower, formed by damming the river for milling purposes. The slack water produced by this dam extends for one or two miles above the village, but below the dam the flow of the river is strong, though the fall is principally concentrated at several ripples or rapids, two of which are caused by the contraction of the stream by highway bridge abutments, and another caused by the obstruction to the stream caused by crib piers of a railroad trestle. The ordinary discharge of the river is about 75 cubic feet per second, and on account of the extensive storage capacities of the three Saranac lakes and of Lake Flower the flow of the river at the village is but slightly disturbed by rain storms, though decidedly heavier in spring time during the melting of the snows on the drainage area. The streets of the village are not paved, but two of the principal streets have recently been macadamized and the improvement is to be extended as rapidly as possible. The village has a public water supply derived from Lake Flower, with distribution by gravity from two reservoirs located on a hill just above the village. ORIGINAL SEWERS Plans for a system of sewers were approved by the State Board of Health in October, 1892, and the construction of a portion of the system followed in 1893. Partly from the rapid growth of the village in extent and direction unexpected, partly from the fact that the location of some of the principal sewers does not provide sewerage where needed, and for other reasons, the board of trustees in 1897 decided to take steps for the preparation of plans for a new system of sewers adapted to the needs of the village for some time to come, the new system to use the old sewers as far as should be found expedient. As a basis on which to develop the new system a complete topographical map of the entire territory covered by the village corporation was prepared showing contour spaces five feet apart. This map is shown as Plate 1 of the accompanying plans. (Plate "T" of this report.) NEW SYSTEM The new system of sewers is, like the old one, on the separate system as the ease with which natural drainage is secured, together with the sandy character of the soil, makes it unnecessary The sewers to provide for storm-water capacity for the sewers. are designed to carry, when flowing half full, 60 gallons of sewage per day per capita for the population tributary to the sewers, on the basis of 30 persons per 100 feet of sewer in the central portion of the village; 20 persons per 100 feet in the ordinary streets; and 10 persons per 100 feet in the outlying suburbs. All intersections and changes of alignment and grade are made at man-holes, and automatic flush-tanks are designed for all dead ends. No provision is made for roof-water. One-half the total daily discharge. of sewage is assumed to occur in eight hours. The minimum diameter of lateral sewers is six inches, and the minimum velocity in this size is two and one-half feet per second. SEWER MAP On the above basis the design of the system of sewers proposed is shown on plate 1 (Plate "T") of these plans, the various symbols being explained on the plate. Careful attention has been paid to the location in depth to meet the demands of the deepest cellars without unnecessary depth. OUTLETS The system has been designed to discharge all the sewage into the river at a point where Columbia avenue and Bloomingdale avenue unite at the lower end of the village, or to treat the same at disposal works on the easterly side of the river at or near the location indicated on sewer map. The river below this point. is not used for potable purposes and flows through a territory almost uninhabited, and covers a stretch of about 50 miles with a fall of several hundred feet, and hence finds conditions favorable to purification during the flow. When, however, the matter of purification before discharge into the river shall become a necessity, the location chosen for disposal works is eminently suitable for the purpose and immediately adjacent to the point of present proposed discharge into the river. TRUNK SEWER The great distance of the upper end of the village at the extreme southerly end of Maple street from the point of discharge at the lower end of the village, taken in connection with the slight fall of the river in this distance, has made it necessary to adopt a grade for this trunk sewer which might not guarantee self-cleansing at all times; to meet this difficulty-which has been found unavoidable—it has been decided to provide for the admission of a continual stream of water into the upper end of this sewer, from Lake Flower, of from two to four inches in depth, which will insure a velocity sufficient to prevent deposition or stranding of sewage. FRENCH VILLAGE The extreme southeasterly portion of the village, lying west of the divide near the saw-mill, has presented considerable difficulty in settling on the best manner of providing this locality with sewerage. After careful consideration of several plans, it has seemed best to adopt the plan, shown on the sewer map, of leading the sewage of Lake street from the summit which is about 800 feet west of Jenkins street to the extreme west end, to a low point on Lake street about 600 feet west of Jenkins street and from there running a sewer line along a grade contour to and through the lowest point of the divide separating that territory from the river. At present there are no streets laid out in this territory north of Lake street. If any should be laid out in future before the sewer line is constructed, the sewer line could, if properly adjusted, be changed to run along such street lines to the divide. Provided such alteration-which should be made with great care does not lower the present grade at the divide, the cut through the divide will not exceed 28 feet, and this cut will extend for only 200 feet, and the total distance between points of 10-feet cut will be less than 700 feet. This cutting-though desirable to avoid if possible-appears less objectionable than the alternate plans available. This line, marked on the map "Line A," will provide sewerage for probably all |