Western views of Islam in the Middle Ages

Abbot Aeneas Silvius al-Andalus Antichrist apocalyptic appear Arabic argument Averroes Avicenna Baghdad Bede Bible Biblical bishop Cabanelas Carolingian chapter Chris Christ Christendom Christian contemporaries Cordova Council of Vienne Crusade debate discussion earlier early twelfth century enemies Eulogius existence of Islam faith fantasy Franciscan Gerbert Greek heresy hope Ibid ideas ignorance imagination influence intellectual Ishmael Islamic problem Jean Germain Joachim of Fiore John of Segovia Juan de Segovia Koran later Latin letter Mahomet medieval Middle Ages Mongols Moslem Moslem philosophers Nestorians Nicholas of Cusa northern Europe Paul Alvarus period Peter the Venerable picture Pope prelates Prophet Ralph Glaber reason religion Ricoldo Roger Bacon Roger of Howden role Saracens scholars Spain Spanish thirteenth century tians tion tradition translation Turks unbelievers Vienne vision West Western Church western Europe Western minds William of Rubroek William of Tripoli writers wrote Wycliffe