The Tea Road: China and Russia Meet Across the Steppe

aimag Altan Khan Amarsanaa Asia Baatar banner became began Beijing Bogd Khan Bogdo border brick tea Buddhist Bukharans called camel caravan central China Chinese Chinggis Khan cultural Dalai Lama dynasty early east eastern economic Eurasian continent Galdan Galdan Danzin Boshogtu Gobi Höhhot Hönnö horses Hovd hundred Hüree included Inner Mongolia Kalgan Kangxi emperor Khalkha Khan's Kiakhta Kitai Kitan known Kubilai located Lü Meng Maimachin Manchu empire means merchants military Ming Ming-dynasty monastery Mongol empire Mongolian mountains Nerchinsk nineteenth century nomadic non-Chinese northern official Oirat opium originally photograph political princes Qing Qing dynasty River route ruled Russian Sava script Selenge Shanxi Sheng Kui Siberia silver southern steppe Tea Road tea trade term territory Tibet Tibetan town Treaty tribes Tümed Tümed Altan Khan Türk Turkic Tüsheet Khan Uighur Ulaanbaatar Uliastai Urga western Mongolia word Wu Yue Xiongnu Yuan Zungar khanate