Quest for Freedom: The Transformation of Eastern Europe in the 1990s |
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Page 51
... ruble tumbled in value on the black market from 100 rubles to the dollar in December 1991 to 150 rubles in mid - January 1992 , continuing to fall thereafter . Even legal pur- chase of dollars at banks was envisioned , which would act ...
... ruble tumbled in value on the black market from 100 rubles to the dollar in December 1991 to 150 rubles in mid - January 1992 , continuing to fall thereafter . Even legal pur- chase of dollars at banks was envisioned , which would act ...
Page 57
... rubles that could be used to enforce the Ukrainian cur- rency shortage , empowering ruble - rich Russian shoppers and black mar- keteers from raiding limited Ukrainian supplies ; to tempt Ukrainian citizens to cross the Russian border ...
... rubles that could be used to enforce the Ukrainian cur- rency shortage , empowering ruble - rich Russian shoppers and black mar- keteers from raiding limited Ukrainian supplies ; to tempt Ukrainian citizens to cross the Russian border ...
Page 169
... rubles for expensive dollars and marks , thereby forcing the fund to keep the ruble from plunging against foreign currencies . And what if the Rus- sian reforms failed to comply with the lenders ' prescriptions for speed and effect in ...
... rubles for expensive dollars and marks , thereby forcing the fund to keep the ruble from plunging against foreign currencies . And what if the Rus- sian reforms failed to comply with the lenders ' prescriptions for speed and effect in ...
Contents
Tsar and Soviet | 17 |
The Success and Failure of the Soviet Economy | 65 |
HISTORY WITHOUT END | 107 |
Copyright | |
16 other sections not shown
Common terms and phrases
arms army authority bank budget building bureaucratic called capital central Commonwealth Communist communities create currency December defense demands democracy democratic direct domestic early East East German Eastern Europe economic elections emerged enterprises established ethnic European face factories fear February followed forces foreign former freedom future German Gorbachev held imports independent industrial interests internal investments January keep Kremlin labor land leaders leading living March materials means ment military million Moscow moved National Salvation Front nations nuclear officials opposition organized output Parliament party percent Poland political popular population President Press production promised reforms regions remained republics rubles rule Russian social sought Soviet Union standards supply tion trade turn United University wages wanted West Western workers World Yeltsin York