Sen. and H. of R.] On the Mission to Panama. 19th CONGRESS, 1st SESSION. been instructed to express to the Government of the Unit-proposed Congress of Panama; and, also, any other ined States the desire entertained by my Government, formation upon that subject, not before communicated, that it should send a representative to the general Con- tending to show the propriety of the United States sendgress. ing Ministers to said Congress, has the honor to report: That, in compliance with the first part of the resolution, Conventions are herewith presented, betweenThe Republic of Colombia and that of Chile; The Republic of Colombia and Peru; The Republic of Colombia and the Federation of the Centre of America; and The Republic of Colombia and the United Mexican States. To fulfil the wishes of my Government, and convinced, at the same time, of the importance and respectability which would attach to the general Congress of the American Republics, from the presence of Envoys from the United States of America, I now address this high Government upon this subject, in the name of Central America. I am, anxious, therefore, to know, if this Republic, which has ever shown itself the generous friend of the new American States, is disposed to send its Envoys to That the latter part of the resolution of the Senate the general Congress, the object of which is to preserve opens a wide field, and might be made to embrace all the and confirm the absolute independence of these Repub- foreign relations, American and European, of the United lics, and to promote the general good, and which will not States; but it is presumed that it was not intended to have require, that the representatives of the United States should, this extended scope. Under this impression, certain in the least, compromit their present neutrality, harmony, parts of the correspondence between the Executive Gɔand good intelligence with other nations. This, my Government of the United States and the Governments of vernment has deemed it necessary to state distinctly, in Russia, France, Colombia, and Mexico, of which a demaking the present invitation. scriptive list accompanies this report, and which are supBe pleased, sir, to accept expressions of the high con-posed to have such a connexion with the resolution of the sideration with which I am, respectfully, your obedient servant. ANTONIO JOSE CANAZ. Mr. Clay to Mr. Canaz. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, Washington, Nov. 30, 1825. Senate, as to render their communication acceptable, are All which is respectfully submitted. Washington, 9th January, 1826. ENCLOSURES. The four treaties referred to. Mr. Clay to Mr. Middleton, 10th May, 1825. Sin: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your official note of the 14th instant, communicating an invitation from the Government of the Federation of the Centre of America, to that of the United States, to the contemplated Congress at Panama. Having laid it before the President, I am instructed by him to say, that the United States, always feeling the deepest interest in whatever concerns the prosperity of the American hemisphere, and receiving, with great sensibility, this new proof of the friendly esteem of the Government of the Central Republic, will be represented at that Congress, if the Se-Count Nesselrode to Mr. Middleton, nate of the United States should so advise and consent. That body will assemble in the course of a few days, and, if it concur with the President, Commissioners from the United States will be deputed to Panama, without any unnecessary delay. These Commissioners will be empowered and instructed upon all questions which may appear to this Government to be likely to arise in the Congress, on subjects in which the Nations of America may be supposed to have a common interest. I avail myself of the occasion to offer you, sir, assurances of my distinguished consideration. DON ANTONIO JOSE CANAZ, H. CLAY. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary from Central America. To the Senate of the United States. WASHINGTON, 9th January, 1826. 20th August, II. CLAY. Translations. do. do. do. Mr. Clay to Mr. Middleton, 26th Dec. COLOMBIA AND CHILE. Francisco de Paula Santander, of the Liberators of Venezuela and Cundinamarca, decorated with the cross of Boyaca, General of Division of the Armies of Colombia, Vice President of the Republic, charged with the Exccutive power, &c. &c. &c. To all who shall see these presents, greeting: In compliance with a resolution of the Senate, of the 3d | instant, I communicate herewith, in confidence, a report Whereas, there has been concluded and signed, in the from the Secretary of State, with translations of the con- City of Santiago de Chile, on the twenty-first day of Octoventions, and documents, containing information of the na-ber, in the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and ture referred to in the said resolution. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS. twenty-two, between the Republic of Colombia and the State of Chile, by means of Plenipotentiaries sufficiently authorized by both parties, a treaty of perpetual union, The Secretary of State, to whom the President has re-league, and confederation, the tenor whereof is, word for ferred the resolution of the Senate, of the 3d of January, word, as follows: 1826, requesting him to communicate to the Senate, confidentially, any Conventions in possession of the Executive, between any of the new States of America, relative to the In the name of God, the Author and Legislator of the Universe: The Government of the Republic of Colombia; on the one part, and on the other that of the State of Chile, Copy of the note to Mr. Obregon not sent, being in substance the same as that to Mr. Salazar, of the same date. 19th CONGRESS, 1st SESSION. ર On the Mission to Panama. [Sen. and H. of R. animated with the most sincere desire of putting a speedy those of the nation in the ports of each State, according termination to the calamities of the present war, to which to the existing laws: that is to say, that the vessels and they have been incited by the Government of His Catho-productions of Colombia shall pay the duties of entering lic Majesty, the King of Spain, by effectually co-operat- and departure in the ports of the State of Chile as Chiing, for so important an object, with all their influence,leans, and those of the State of Chile as Colombians in resources, and forces, by sea and land, to secure forever those of Colombia. to their respective people, subjects, and citizens, the precious enjoyments of their internal tranquillity, of their liberty, and national independence and his Excellency the Liberator, President of Colombia, having, for that purpose, conferred full powers upon the honorable Joaquin Mosquera and Arbolida, member of the Senate of the Republic of the same name; and his Excellency the Supreme Director of the State of Chile, upon his Ministers of State in the Departments of Government and Foreign Relations, D. Joaquin de Echeverria, and in those of Finance and War, D. Jose Antonio Rodriguez; they, after having exchanged, in good and due form, the said powers, have agreed on the following articles: ARTICLE 8. Both contracting parties oblige themselves to furnish what assistance may be in their power to the ships of war and merchant vessels that may come to the ports belonging to them on account of damage or for any other cause, and as such they shall be empowered to careen, repair, provision, arm, augment their armament and their crews, so as to enable them to continue their voyages or cruises at the 'expense of the state or individuals to whom they belong. ARTICLE 9. In order to avoid the scandalous abuses which may be caused by privateers armed on account of individuals to the injury of the national commerce, and neutrals, both parties agree in extending the jurisdiction ARTICLE 1. The Republic of Colombia and the State of of their maritime courts to the privateers which sail under Chile are united, bound, and confederated, in peace and the flag of either, and their prizes indiscriminately, whenwar, to maintain with their influences and forces, by sea ever they are unable to sail easily to the ports of their deand land, as far as circumstances permit, their indepen-stination, or when there are appearances of their having dence of the Spanish nation, and of any other foreign domination whatsoever, and to secure, after that is recognized, their mutual prosperity, the greatest harmony and good understanding, as well between their people, subjects, and citizens, as with other Powers with which they may enter into relations. ARTICLE 2. The Republic of Colombia and the State of Chile, therefore, voluntarily promise and contract a league of close alliance and firm and constant friendship, for the common defence, for the security of their independence and liberty, for their reciprocal and general good, and for their internal tranquillity, obliging themselves to succor each other, and to repel, in common, every attack or invasion which may, in any manner, threaten their political existence. ARTICLE 3. In order to contribute to the objects pointed out in the foregoing articles, the Republic of Colombia binds itself to assist, with the disposable sea and land forces, of which the number, or its equivalent, shall be fixed at a meeting of Plenipotentiaries. ARTICLE 4. The State of Chile shall also contribute, with the disposable sea and land forces, of which the number, or its equivalent, shall be likewise fixed at the said meeting. committed excesses against the commerce of neutral nations, with whom both States are desirous of cultivating the greatest harmony and good understanding. ARTICLE 10. If by misfortune the internal tranquillity be disturbed in any part of the States mentioned, by men turbulent, seditious, and enemies of the Governments lawfully constituted by the voice of the People, freely, quietly, and peaceably expressed in virtue of their laws, both parties solemnly and formally bind themselves to make common cause against them, assisting each other with whatever means are in their power, till they obtain the re-establishment of order and the empire of their laws. ARTICLE 11. If any person guilty, or accused of treason, sedition, or other grievous crime, flee from justice, and be found in the territory of any of the States mentioned, he shall be delivered up and sent back at the disposal of the Government which has cognizance of the crime, and in whose jurisdiction he ought to be tried, as soon as the offended party has made his claim in form. Deserters from the national armies and marine of either party are also comprehended in this article. ARTICLE 12. To draw more closely the bonds which ought in future to unite both States, and to remove any difficulty which may present itself, or interrupt in any ARTICLE 5. In cases of sudden invasion, both partics manner their good correspondence and harmony, an asshall be empowered to act in a hostile manner in the ter-sembly shall be formed, composed of two Plenipotentiaritories of the dependence of either, whenever circum-ries for each party, in the same terms, and with the same stances of moment prevent their acting in concert with the formalities, which, in conformity to established usages, Government to which the sovereignty of the invaded ter- ought to be observed for the appointment of the Ministers ritory belongs. But the party so acting shall fulfil, and of equal class near the Governments of foreign nations. cause to be fulfilled, the statates, ordinances, and laws, of the respective States, so far as circumstances permit, and cause its Government to be respected and obeyed. The expenses which shall be incurred in these operations, and others which may be incurred in consequence of the third and fourth articles, shall be liquidated by separate Conventions, and shall be made good one year after the conclusion of the present war. ARTICLE 6. To secure and perpetuate, in the best mode possible, the good friendship and correspondence between both States, their subjects and citizens, they shall have free entrance and departure in their ports and territories, and shall enjoy there all the civil rights and privileges of trade and commerce, being subjected only to the duties, imposts, and restrictions, to which the subjects and citizens of each of the contracting parties shall be subject. ARTICLE 7. In virtue hereof, the vessels and territorial productions of each of the contracting parties shall pay no higher duties of importation, exportation, anchorage, and tonnage, than those established, or to be established, for ARTICLE 13. Both parties oblige themselves to interpose their good offices with the Governments of the other States of America, formerly Spanish, to enter into this compact of union, league, and confederation. ARTICLE 14. As soon as this great and important object has been attained, a General Assembly of the American States shall be convened, composed of their Plenipotentiaries, with the charge of cementing, in the most solid and stable manner, the intimate relations which ought to exist between all and every one of them, and who may serve as a council in the great conflicts, as a rallying point in the common dangers, as a faithful interpreter of their public treaties when difficulties occur, and as an umpire and conciliator in their disputes and differences. ARTICLE 15. The Republic of Colombia and the State of Chile bind themselves cheerfully to afford to the Plenipotentiaries who may compose the Assembly of the American States, all the aids which hospitality among brotherly People, and the sacred and inviolable character of their persons demand, whenever the Plenipotentiaries shall Sen. and H. of R.] of Colombia or that of Chile. choose their place of meeting in any part of the territory Therefore, having seen and examined the said treaty of union, league, and confederation, the consent and apARTICLE 16. This compact of union, league, and confe- probation of the Congress of the Republic being first deration, shall in no wise interrupt the exercise of the na-had, agreeably to article 55, section 18, of the Constitutional sovereignty of each of the contracting parties, as tion-I make use of the power conferred upon me by the well as to what regards their laws, and the establishment 120th article of the same Constitution in ratifying it, and and form of their respective Governments, as to what re-by these presents I ratify it and hold it as valid, grateful, gards their relations with other foreign nations. But and firm, in all its articles and clauses, with the exception they expressly and irrevocably bind themselves not to of the words: and for their internal tranquillity, of article yield to the demands of indemnifications, tributes, or ex-2d; all those which the 10th article expresses, and those actions, which the Spanish Government may bring for the which follow of the 11th article, to wit: If any person loss of her ancient supremacy over these countries, or any guilty, or accused of treason, sedition, or other grievous other nation whatever in her name and stead, nor enter crime, flee from justice, and be found in the territory of into any treaty with Spain, or any other nation, to the any of the States mentioned, he shall be delivered up and prejudice and diminution of this independence, maintain-sent back to the disposal of the Government which has coging on all occasions and in all places their reciprocal inte- nizance of the crime, and in whose jurisdiction he ought to Pests, with the dignity and energy of nations free, inde-be tried, as soon as the offended party has made his claim in pendent, friendly, brotherly, and confederated. ARTICLE 17. This treaty, or convention of amity, league, and confederation, shall be ratified within the third day by the Government of the State of Chile, with the advice of the honorable National Convention, in conformity to article 4th, chapter 3d, title 3d, of the provisional Constitution, and by that of the Republic of Colombia as soon as it can obtain the approbation of the Senate, in virtue of the resolution by the law of Congress of 13th October, 1821 and in case, by any accident, it cannot assemble, it shall be ratified in the next Congress, agreeably to the provision of the Constitution of the Republic, in article 55, section 18. The ratifications shall be exchanged without delay, and in the period which the distance that separates both Governments permits. : In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have [L. S.] [L. s.] JOAQUIN MOSQUERA. The honorable National Convention of Chile having terminated its sessions on the 23d day of October last, and not having, on that account, had tine sufficient for the discussions by which the present treaty ought to be ratified in the time which was agreed upon by the 17th article, and the honorable Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia having proposed to their Excellencies the Ministers Plenipotentiary of Chile, that a new period for the ratifications should be appointed, they consulted the most excellent Supreme Court of Representatives, with whose consent they have agreed with the honorable Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia on the following article: The present treaty, concluded in Santiago de Chile, on the 21st of October, 1822, shall be ratified in the space of four months, which shall be counted from this day, or sooner if possible, and the ratifications shall be exchanged without delay in the time which the distance that separates both Governments permits. In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries sign this, and seal it with the seals of the Governments which they represent. form. And for its fulfilment and exact observance on our COLOMBIA AND PERU. Francisco de Paula Santander, of the Liberators of Venezuela and Cundinamarca, decorated with the Cross of Boyaca, General of Division of the Armies of Colombia, Vice President of the Republic, charged with the Executive power, &c. &c. &c. To all who shall see these presents, greeting : Whereas there has been concluded and signed, between the Republic of Colombia and the State of Peru, a treaty additional to that of perpetual union, league, and confederation, on the sixth day of July, of the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, by means of Plenipotentiaries sufficiently authorized by both parties, the tenor whereof, word for word, is as follows: In the name of God, the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe: The Government of the Republic of Colombia on the one part, and on the other that of the State of Peru, animated with the most sincere desires of terminating the calamities of the present war, to which they have been provoked by the Government of his Catholic Majesty, the King of Spain, determined, with all their resources and forces, by sea and land, to maintain effectually their liberty and independence, and desirous that this league be general between all the States of the America, formerly Spanish, that united, strong, and powerful, they may maintain in common the cause of their independence, which is the primary object of the present contest, have appointed Plenipotentiaries to discuss, arrange, and conclude, a treaty of union, league, and confederation, to wit: His Excellency the Liberator, President of Colombia, the Honorable Joaquin Mosquera, member of the Senate of the Republic of the same name, and his Excellency the Supreme Delegate of the State of Peru, the most illus Done at Santiago de Chile, the twentieth of November, of the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, twelfth of the Independence of Colom-trious and honorable Colonel Dn. Bernardo Monteagudo, bia, and fifth of that of Chile. [L. s.] L. s.] JOAQUIN MOSQUERA. VOL. II-G Counsellor and Minister of State and Foreign Relations, Foun neral Post Office, and President of the Patriotic Society 2d. Both parties oblige themselves to interpose their good offices with the Governments of the other States of America, formerly Spanish, to enter into this compact of perpetual union, league, and confederation. 3d. As soon as this great and important object has been attained, a General Assembly of the American States shall be convened, composed of their Plenipotentiaries, with the charge of cementing, in a manner the most solid, and of establishing the intimate relations which ought to exist between all, and every one of them, and who may serve as a council in the great conflicts, as a rallying point in the common dangers, as a faithful interpreter of their public treaties when difficulties occur, and as an umpire and conciliator in their disputes and differences. 4th. The Isthmus of Panama being an integral part of Colombia, and the most adequate for that august Assembly, this Republic cheerfully obliges itself to afford to the Plenipotentiaries who may compose the Assembly of the American States, all the aids which hospitality among brotherly people, and the sacred and inviolable character of their persons demand. : [Sen. and H. of R of the Republic of Colombia as soon as the approbation of the Senate can be obtained, according to the provision of the law of Congress of 13th October, 1821; and if, by some occurrence, it be not extraordinarily assembled, it shall be ratified in the next Congress, agreeably to the re solution of the Constitution of the Republic in article 55, sec. 18. The ratifications shall be exchanged without de lay, in the space which the distance separating both Governments permits. In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this, and scaled it with the seals of the States which they represent. Done in the city of the Free of Lima, the sixth of July, of the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, twelfth of the independence of Colombia, and third of that of Peru. [L. S.] [L. S.] BERNARDO MONTEAGUDO. JOAQUIN MOSQUERA. Therefore, having seen and examined the said additional treaty of perpetual union, league, and confederation, the consent and approbation of the Congress of the Republic being previously had, agreeably to sect. 18, of the 55th art. of the Constitution, I make use of the power which the 120th article of the same Constitution grants me in ratifying it, as by these presents I ratify it, and hold it as valid, grateful, and firm, and for its fulfilment and exact observance, I solemnly engage and compromit the honor of the Republic. In faith whereof, I have caused issue these presents, signed with my hand, sealed with the great seal of the Republic, and countersigned by the Secretary of State, and the Despatch of Foreign Relations, in the City of Bogota, the twelfth of July, in the year of Grace one thousand eight hundred and twenty-three, thirteenth of independence. PEDRO GUAL 5th. The State of Peru, from this time, contracts the same obligation, whenever, by the casualties of the war, [L. S.] FRANCISCO DE P. SANTANDER or by the consent of the majority of American States, the said Assembly may meet in the territory of its depen-charged with the Executive power. By His Excellency the Vice President of the Republic. dence, in the same terms as the Republic of Colombia has obliged itself in the former article; as well with respect to the Isthmus of Panama, as any other point of its jurisdiction, which may be believed for the purpose to this most interesting end, by its central position between the States of the North and of the South of this America, formerly Spanish. COLOMBIA AND GUATEMALA. Treaty of perpetual union, league, and confederation, be 6th. This compact of perpetual union, league, and confederation, shall in no wise interrupt the exercise of The Republic of Colombia, and the United Provinces the national sovereignty of each of the contracting parties, of Central America, desirous of putting a speedy termina as well as to what regards their laws, and the establish- tion to the calamitous war in which they are engaged with ment and form of their respective Governments, as with the King of Spain; and both contracting Powers being dis respect to their relations with other foreign nations. But posed to unite all their resources, with their naval and they expressly and irrevocably bind themselves not to ac- land forces, and to identify their principles and interests cede to the demands of tributes or exactions which the in peace and war, have resolved to form a treaty of per Spanish Government may bring for the loss of her ancient petual union, league, and confederation, which shall for supremacy over these countries, nor any other nation what-ever secure to them the advantages of liberty and indeever, in her name and stead, nor enter into any treaty with Spain, or any other nation, to the prejudice and diminution of this independence, maintaining, on all occasions, and in all places, their reciprocal interests, with the dignity and energy of nations free, independent, friendly, brotherly, and confederated. 7th. The Republic of Colombia specially obliges itself to raise and maintain on foot, a force of four thousand men, armed and equipped, in order to concur in the objects pointed out in the preceding articles. Her national marine, whatever it may be, shall be also directed to the fulfilment of those stipulations. 8th. The State of Peru shall contribute, on its part, with its maritime forces, whatever they may be, and with an equal number of troops as the Republic of Colombia. 9th. This treaty shall be ratified by the Government of the state of Peru in the space of ten days, and approved by the next constituent Congress, if in the time of their sessions they should think, good to publish it; and by that pendence. For this desirable object, PEDRO GUAL, Minister of Foreign Relations of the Republic of Colombia, and PEDRO MOLINA, Plenipotentiary of the United Provinces of Central America, being respectively furnished with full pow ers, and in due form, have agreed to the following articles: 1. The Republic of Colombia, and the United Provinces of Central America, bind themselves to a perpetual union, league, and confederation, in peace and war, to defend their independence of the Spanish nation, and every other, by naval and land forces, and thus to secure their mutual prosperity, to promote harmony and good intelligence with each other, and with other nations. a 2. The Republic of Colombia, and the Provinces of firm and conscant friendship, and a permanent alliance, Central America, therefore, promise, and freely contract, which shall be intimate and binding for their common de fence, the security of their independence and liberty, and for their reciprocal and general good, they oblige them Sen. and H. of R.] On the Mission to Panama. {19th CONGRESS, selves mutually to aid in repelling every attack or invasion same duties of importation, exportation, anchorage, and from the enemies of either, that may in anywise affect tonnage, in the ports of the United Provinces of Central their political existence. America, as if they belonged to these United Provinces ; 3. That the objects contemplated by the preceding ar- and those from the United Provinces of Central America ticles may be carried into effect, the Republic of Colom-shall pay, in the ports of Colombia, the same duty as Cobia engages to aid the United Provinces of Central Ame-lombians. rica with that amount of its disposable naval and land 12. The contracting parties oblige themselves to afford forces, which shall be determined by the Congress of Ple-every aid in their power to the merchant and national nipotentiaries, to be mentioned hereafter. vessels of each other that may go into port to repair any 4. The United Provinces of Central America shall, in damages they may have received. They shall there be at like manner, aid the Republic of Colombia with their dis-liberty to refit, increase their armaments and crews, so as posable naval and land forces, or its equivalent, which to be able to continue their voyage or cruise. The exshall be fixed by the aforesaid Congress. pense of these repairs shall be sustained by the State or individuals to whom they may belong. 5. The contracting parties guaranty, mutually, the integrity of their respective territories, as they existed prior to the present war of independence, against the designs and invasions of the subjects of the King of Spain and his adherents. 13. To suppress the shameful abuses that may be committed on the high seas, by armed privateers, upon neutrals and the national commerce, the contracting parties agree to extend the jurisdiction of their maritime courts 6. In case, therefore, of sudden invasion, each party to the privateers, and their prizes, of each other indisshall be at liberty to act against the enemy, within the ter-criminately, whenever they shall not be able to reach the ritory of the other, whenever circumstances will not allow port of their departure, or suspicions may be excited of of a communication with the Government to which the their having committed abuses against the commerce of sovereignty of the country invaded belongs. But the neutral nations, with whom both States desire to cultivate party so acting shall observe, and cause to be observed, lasting harmony and good intelligence. the statutes, ordinances, and laws, of the State, as far as circumstances may permif; and cause its Government to be respected and obeyed. The expenses of these operations, and whatever may be incurred in consequence of articles third and fourth, shall be settled by separate conventions, and paid one year after the conclusion of the present war. 7. The Republic of Colombia, and the United Provinces of Central America, promise, and oblige themselves, formally, to respect the limits of each other as they now exist; and agree, as soon as circumstances will permit, to settle, in a friendly manner, by a special convention, the line of demarcation between the two States, or whenever one of the parties shall be disposed to enter on this negotiation. 8. To facilitate the progress and happy termination of the negotiation about limits, as in the preceding article, both parties shall be at liberty to appoint Commissioners, who shall survey the whole frontier, for the purpose of fixing the boundary line. The local authorities shall not offer them the least obstruction, but shall, on the contrary, furnish every protection and aid for the proper execution of their object, provided they exhibit the passport of their Governments, authorizing their operations. 14. To prevent all disorder in the army and navy of each other, the contracting parties moreover agree, that, if any soldiers or sailors shall desert from the service of one to the territory of the other, even if the latter belong to merchant vessels, they shall be immediately restored by the tribunal or authority within whose jurisdiction they may be found: provided, the reclamation of the commander, or of the Captain of the vessel, as the case may be, shall previously be made, giving a description of the individual or individuals, with their names, and that of the corps or vessel from which they may have deserted. Until the demand be made, in form, they shall be confined in the public prisons. 15. To cement the bonds of future union between the two States, and remove every difficulty that may occur to interrupt their good correspondence and harmony, there shall be formed a Congress, composed of two Plenipotentiaries from each contracting party, who shall be appointed with the same formalities as are required by established usages in the commission of Ministers of equal character among other nations. 16. The contracting parties oblige themselves to interpose their good offices with the other ci-devant Span sh States of America, to induce them to unite in this compact of perpetual union, league, and confederation. 9. The contracting parties, desirous, in the mean time, of providing against the evils that might arise to both, 17. As soon as this great and important object shall be from unauthorized colonies of adventurers, on that part of accomplished, a general Congress shall be assembled, the Mosquito shore, between Cape Gracias a Dios and the composed of Plenipotentiaries from the American States, River Chagres, promise, and oblige themselves to employ for the purpose of establishing, on a more solid basis, the their naval and land forces against any individual or indi-intimate relations which should exist between them all, inviduals, who shall attempt to form establishments on the above coast, without having previously obtained permission from the Government to which it may belong. 10. To make the union and alliance contracted by the present Convention more intimate and close, it is moreover stipulated and agreed, that the citizens and inhabitants of each State shall have free entrance to, and departure from, the ports and territories of the other, and shall enjoy therein all the civil rights and privileges of traffic and commerce; but they shall be subject to the same duties, imposts, and restrictions, as the citizens and inhabitants of the State themselves. dividually and collectively, and that it may serve as a council in great events, as a point of union in common danger, as a faithful interpreter of public treaties when difficulties may arise, and as an arbitrator and conciliator in their disputes and differences. 18. This compact of union, league, and confederation, shall not affect, in any manner, the exercise of the national sovereignty of the contracting parties, in regard to their laws and the establishment and form of their respective Governments, nor in regard to their relations with other nations; but they bind themselves, irrevocably, not to accede to any demands of indemnity or tribute from the 11. In consequence of this, their vessels and cargoes, Spanish Government, or any other in its name, for the composed of productions or merchandise, domestic or loss of its supremacy over these countries. They also foreign, and registered at the Custom-houses of either of bind themselves not to enter into any treaty with Spain,' the contracting parties, shall not pay, in the ports of the or any other nation, that shall in the least prejudice their other, greater duties of importation, exportation, anchor-independence, but to maintain their mutual interests on age, or tonnage, than those already established, or which all occasions, with the dignity and energy of free, inde may be established for its own vessels and cargoes; that pendent, friendly, and confederate nations. is to say, vessels and cargoes from Colombia shall pay the 19. As the Isthmus of Panama is an integral part of Co, |