Section VI. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Assembly; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but for appropriations made by law. 3. The credit of the State shall not be directly or indirectly loaned in any case. 4. The Legislature shall not, in any manner, create any debt or debts, liability or liabilities, of the State which shall, singly or in the aggregate with any previous debts or liabilities, at any time exceed one hundred thousand dollars, except for purposes of war, or to repel invasion, or to suppress insurrection, unless the same shall be authorized by a law for some single object or work, to be distinctly specified therein; which law shall provide the ways and means, exclusive of loans, to pay the interest of such debt or liability as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge the principal of such debt or liability within thirty-five years from the time of the contracting thereof, and shall be irrepealable until such debt or liability, and the interest thereon, are fully paid and discharged; and no such law shall take effect until it shall, at a general election, have been submitted to the people, and have received the sanction of a majority of all the votes cast for and against it at such election; and all money to be raised by the authority of such law shall be applied only to the specific object stated therein, and to the payment of the debt thereby created. This section shall not be construed to refer to any money that has been, or may be, deposited with this State by the government of the United States. Section VII. 1. No divorce shall be granted by the Legislature. 2. No lottery shall be authorized by this State, and no ticket in any lottery not authorized by a law of this State shall be bought or sold within the State. 3. The Legislature shall not pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or depriv ing a party of any remedy for enforcing a contract which existed when the contract was made. 4. To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act such things as have no proper relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in the title. No law shall be revived or amended by reference to its title only; but the act revived, or the section or sections amended, shall be inserted at length. No general law shall embrace any provision of a private, special or local character. No act shall be passed which shall provide that any existing law, or any part thereof, shall be made or deemed a part of the act, or which shall enact that any existing law, or any part thereof, shall be applicable, except by inserting it in such act. 5. The laws of this State shall begin in the following style: "Be it enacted by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey." 6. The fund for the support of free schools, and all money, stock and other property which may hereafter be appropriated for that purpose, or received into the treasury under the provision of any law heretofore passed to augment the said fund, shall be securely invested and remain a perpetual fund; and the income thereof, except so much as it may be judged expedient to apply to an increase of the capital, shall be annually appropriated to the support of public free schools, for the equal benefit of all the people of the State; and it shall not be competent for the Legislature to borrow, appropriate or use the said fund, or any part thereof, for any other purpose, under any pretense whatever. The Legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of free public schools for the instruction of all the children in this State between the ages of five and eighteen years. 7. No private or special law shall be passed authorizing the sale of any lands belonging in whole or in part to a minor or minors, or other persons who may at any time be under any legal disability to act for themselves. 8. Individuals or private corporations shall not be authorized to take private property for public use, without just compensation first made to the owners. 9. No private, special or local bill shall be passed unless public notice of the intention to apply therefor, and of the general object thereof, shall have been previously given. The Legislature, at the next session after the adoption thereof, and from time to time thereafter, shall prescribe the time and mode of giving such notice, the evidence thereof, and how such evidence shall be preserved. 10. The Legislature may vest in the Circuit Courts, or Courts of Common Pleas within the several counties of this State, chancery powers, so far as relates to the foreclosure of mortgages and sale of mortgaged premises. 11. The Legislature shall not pass private, local or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases; that is to say: Laying out, opening, altering and working roads or highways. Vacating any road, town plat, street, álley or public'grounds. Regulating the internal affairs of towns and counties; appointing local offices or commissions to regulate municipal affairs. Selecting, drawing, summoning or impaneling grand or petit jurors. Creating, increasing or decreasing the percentage or allowance of public officers during the term for which said officers were elected or appointed. Changing the law of descent. Granting to any corporation, association or individual any exclusive privilege, immunity or franchise whatever. Granting to any corporation, association or individual the right to lay down railroad tracks. Providing for changes of venue in civil or criminal cases. Providing for the management and support of free public schools. The Legislature shall pass general laws providing for the cases enumerated in this paragraph, and for all other cases which, in its judgment, may be provided for by general laws. The Legislature shall pass no special act conferring corporate powers, but they shall pass general laws under which corporations may be organized and corporate powers of every nature obtained, subject, nevertheless, to repeal or alteration at the will of the Legislature. 12. Property shall be assessed for taxes under general laws, and by uniform rules, according to its true value. Section VIII. 1. Members of the Legislature shall, before they enter on the duties of their respective offices, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) that I will support the Constitution of the United States and the Constitu tion of the State of New Jersey, and that I will faithfully discharge the duties of senator (or member of the General Assembly, as the case may be), according to the best of my ability." And members-elect of the Senate or General Assembly are hereby empowered to administer to each other the said oath or affirmation. 2. Every officer of the Legislature shall, before he enters upon his duties, take and subscribe the following oath or affirmation: "I do solemnly promise and swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully, impartially and justly perform all the duties of the office of to the best of my ability and understanding; that I will carefully preserve all records, papers, writings or property intrusted to me for safe-keeping by virtue of my office, and make such disposition of the same as may be required by law." ARTICLE V. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a Governor. 2. The Governor shall be elected by the legal voters of this State. The person having the highest number of votes shall be the Governor; but if two or more shall be equal and highest in votes, one of them shall be chosen Governor by the vote of a majority of the members of both houses in joint meeting. Contested elections for the office of Governor shall be determined in such manner as the Legislature shall direct by law. When a Governor is to be elected by the people, such election shall be held at the time when and at the places where the people shall respectively vote for members of the Legislature. 3. The Governor shall hold his office for three years, to commence on the third Tuesday of January next ensuing the election for Governor by the people, and to end on the Monday preceding the third Tuesday of January, three years thereafter; and he shall be incapable of holding that office for three years next after his term of service shall have expired; and no appointment or nomination to office shall be made by the Governor during the last week of his said term. 4. The Governor shall be not less than thirty years of age, and shall have been for twenty years, at least, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of this State seven years next before his election, unless he shall have been absent during that time on the public business of the United States or of this State. 5. The Governor shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall be neither increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected. 6. He shall be the commander-in-chief of all the military and naval forces of the State; he shall have power to convene the Legislature, or the Senate alone, whenever in his opinion public necessity requires it; he shall communicate by message to the Legislature at the opening of each session, and at such other times as he may deem necessary, the condition of the State, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and grant, under the great seal of the State, commissions to all such officers as shall be required to be commissioned. 7. Every bill which shall have passed both houses shall be presented to the Governor; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to the house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it; if, after such reconsideration, a majority of the whole number of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved of by a majority of the whole number of that house, it shall become a law; but in neither house shall the vote be taken on the same day on which the bill shall be returned to it; and in all such cases, the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Governor, within five days (Sunday excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Legislature by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. If any bill presented to the Governor contain several items of appropriations of money, he may object to one or more of such items while approving of the other portions of the bill. In such case he shall append to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the items to which he objects, and the appropriation so objected to shall not take effect. If the Legislature be in session he shall transmit to the house in which the bill originated, a copy of such statement, and the items objected to shall be separately reconsidered. If, on reconsideration, one |