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as high as five copies of one paper were sent by as many different ships. It is interesting to note how many copies of the original number were received, and to compare the dates of sending and of receipt. About 1831 a definite system was adopted. The records since that time are well arranged, and the system is easily understood; the records since 1831 are also more nearly complete, due to a great extent to improvements in navigation, but due also to careful supervision. Duplicates no longer appear, and on the other hand there are no dispatches missing, as is the case in the earlier volumes. Evidently about that time our ministers ceased to send duplicate and triplicate dispatches, while the department made arrangements to get copies of documents that for any reason went astray.

6. See answer to corresponding question under Rolls and Library.

1. 1882.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE: BUREAU OF ROLLS AND LIBRARY.

(Officer reporting: William McNeir, chief of bureau.)

2. The archives of the bureau consist of the Declaration of Independence, laws, treaties, proclamations, executive orders and announcements, the proceedings of international commissions, documents relating to the Constitution, territorial papers, and a large body of miscellaneous material. Within the last few years several of the most valuable collections in the bureau have been removed.

3. The library, which is a branch of this bureau, is rich in historical and biographical works, the law of nations, and travels, and is open to persons interested during office hours. A detailed catalogue is found in the Guide to the Archives of the Government of the United States in Washington, by Van Tyne and Leland, second edition, published by the Carnegie Institution, 1907, pages 33–54.

6. The library is open between the hours of 9 a. m. and 4 p. m. It is for the official use of the department. When not required for that purpose it may be enjoyed by persons attached to the department and to the diplomatic corps in Washington, but by no others without express permission from the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, or the Chief of the Bureau of Rolls and Library.

The special rules governing its use are as follows:

I. Persons to whom the privilege of consulting the manuscript archives of the Department of State is granted can exercise the permission only subject to the convenience of the department and the uninterrupted transaction of its business.

II. No manuscript shall, at any time, be taken out of the department except by order in writing of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary.

III. No manuscript shall be taken out of the Bureau of Rolls and Library, into any room of the department, until a receipt in form and descriptive of the paper or volume be signed by the official taking the same and delivered to the chief of the bureau, or, in his absence, to the person in charge.

IV. No manuscript shall be detained from its place on the shelves of the Bureau of Rolls and Library after 4 p. m. of the day it shall have been taken; and no manuscript shall be taken from its place on the shelves by any others than the clerks in charge, except by special arrangement in exceptional circum

stances.

V. The use of the indexes in the room in which the old archives are deposited is not permitted except through the clerks in charge.

VI. The privilege of consulting the manuscript archives does not include the use of the library. The latter privilege must be independently asked of the Chief of the Bureau of Rolls and Library.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT: PUBLIC HEALTH AND MARINE-HOSPITAL SERVICE.

(Officer reporting: W. Wyman, Surgeon General of Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service.) 1. The Hygienic Laboratory of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service was established in New York, at the marine hospital on Staten Island, August, 1887. It was transferred to Washington, with quarters in the Butler Building, June 11, 1891, and a new laboratory building, located in Washington, was authorized by act of Congress, March 3, 1901. An extensive addition to this building was authorized by Congress in 1907.

2. Research work of a laboratory character, with special reference to problems affecting the public health, prior to the year 1908, have included advanced studies in bacteriology, serum therapy, pathology, chemistry, medical zoology, and pharmacology. The direction which the advanced studies have taken is indicated from the

following list of publications, which have appeared as Hygienic Laboratory Bulletins since 1900. Those numbers to which an asterisk is prefixed are out of print.

*No. 1.-Preliminary note on the viability of the Bacillus pestis. By M. J. Rosenau. No. 2. Formalin disinfection of baggage without apparatus. By M. J. Rosenau. *No. 3.-Sulphur dioxid as a germicidal agent. By H. D. Geddings.

No. 4.-Viability of the Bacillus pestis. By M. J. Rosenau.

No. 5.-An investigation of a pathogenic microbe (B. typhi murium Danyz) applied to the destruction of rats. By M. J. Rosenau.

*No. 6. Disinfection against mosquitoes with formaldehyde and sulphur dioxid. By M. J. Rosenau.

No. 7.-Laboratory technique: Ring test for indol, by S. B. Grubbs and Edward Francis; Collodium sacs, by S. B. Grubbs and Edward Francis; Microphotography with simple apparatus, by H. B. Parker.

By act of Congress approved July 1, 1902, the name of the "United States Marine Hospital Service" was changed to the "Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States," and three divisions were added to the Hygienic Laboratory. Since the change of name of the service the bulletins of the Hygienic Laboratory have been continued in the same numerical orde", as follows: *No. 8.-Laboratory course in pathology and bacteriology. (Revised edition March, 1904.)

By M. J. Rosenau.

* No. 9.-Presence of tetanus in commercial gelatin. By John F. Anderson. No. 10.-Report upon the prevalance and geographic distribution of hookworm disease (uncinariasis or anchylostomiasis) in the United States. By Ch. Wardell Stiles.

* No. 11.-An experimental investigation of Trypanosoma lewisi. By Edward Francis.

* No. 12. The bacteriological impurities of vaccine virus; an experimental study. By M. J. Rosenau.

No. 13.-A statistical study of the intestinal parasites of 500 white male patients at the United States Government Hospital for the Insane; by Philip E. Garrison, Brayton H. Ransom, and Earle C. Stevenson. A parasitic roundworm (Agamomerims culicis n. g., n. sp.) in American mosquitoes (Culex sollicitans); by Ch. Wardell Stiles. The type species of the cestode genus Hymenolepis; by Ch. Wardell Stiles.

No. 14. Spotted fever (tick fever) of the Rocky Mountains; a new disease. By John F. Anderson.

No. 15.-Inefficiency of ferrous sulphate as an antispetic and germicide. By Allan J. McLaughlin.

*No. 16.-The antiseptic and germicidal properties of glycerin. By M. J. Rosenau. *No. 17.-Illustrated key to the trematode parasites of man. By Ch. Wardell Stiles.

* No. 18.-An account of the tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis parasitic in man, including reports of several new cases of the dwarf tapeworm (H. nana) in the United States. By Brayton H. Ransom.

* No. 19.—A method for inoculating animals with precise amounts. By M. J. Rosenau.

* No. 20.—A zoological investigation into the cause, transmission, and source of Rocky Mountain "spotted fever." By Ch. Wardell Stiles.

No. 21.-The immunity unit for standardizing diphtheira antitoxin (based on Ehrlich's normal serum). Official standard prepared under the act approved July 1, 1902. By M. J. Rosenau.

*No. 22.-Chloride of zinc as a deodorant, antiseptic, and germicide. By T. B. McClintic.

* No. 23.-Changes in the Pharmacopoeia of the United States of America. Eighth Decennial Revision. By Reid Hunt and Murray Galt Motter.

No. 24. The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as applied to medicine. By Ch. Wardell Stiles.

No. 25.-Illustrated key to the cestode parasites of man. By Ch. Wardell Stiles. No. 26.-On the stability of the oxidases and their conduct toward various reagents. The conduct of phenolphthalein in the animal organism. A test for saccharin, and a simple method of distinguishing between cumarin and vanilin. The toxicity of ozone and other oxidizing agents to lipase. The influence of chemical constitution on the lipolytic hydrolysis of etheral salts. By J. H. Kastle.

No. 27. The limitations of formaldehyde gas as a disinfectant with special reference to car sanitation. By Thomas B. McClintic.

No. 28. A statistical study of the prevalence of intestinal worms in man. By Ch. Wardell Stiles and Philip E. Garrison.

*No. 29. A study of the cause of sudden death following the injection of horse serum. By M. J. Rosenau and John F. Anderson.

No. 30.-I. Maternal transmission of immunity to diphtheria toxine. II. Maternal transmission of immunity to diphtheria toxine and hypersusceptibility to horse serum in the same animal. By John F. Anderson.

No. 31. Variations in the peroxidase activity of the blood in health and disease. By Joseph H. Kastle and Harold L. Amoss.

No. 32. A stomach lesion in guinea pigs caused by diphtheria toxine and its bearing upon experimental gastric ulcer. By M. J. Rosenau and John F. Anderson.. No. 33. Studies in experimental alcoholism. By Reid Hunt.

No. 34.-I. Agamofilaria georgiana n sp., an apparently new roundworm parasite from the ankle of a negress. II. The zoological characters of the roundworm genus Filaria Mueller, 1787. III. Three new American cases of infection of man with horsehair worms (species Paragordius varius), with summary of all cases reported to date. By Ch. Wardell Stiles.

No. 35.-Report on the origin and prevalence of typhoid fever in the District of Columbia. By M. J. Rosenau, L. L. Lumsden, and Joseph H. Kastle. (Including articles contributed by Ch. Wardell Stiles, Joseph Goldberger, and A. M. Stimson.) No. 36. Further studies upon hypersusceptibility and immunity. By M. J. Rosenau and John F. Anderson.

No. 37.-Index-catalogue of medical and veterinary zoology. Subjects: Trematoda and trematode disease. By Ch. Wardell Stiles and Albert Hassall.

No. 38. The influence of antitoxin upon post-diphtheritic paralysis. By M. J. Rosenau and John F. Anderson.

No. 39. The antiseptic and germicidal properties of solutions of formaldehyde and their action upon toxines. By John F. Anderson.

No. 40.-Miscellaneous zoological papers. By Ch. Wardell Stiles and Joseph Goldberger.

No. 41.-Milk and its relation to the public health. No. 42. The thermal death points of pathogenic M. J. Rosenau.

By various authors.
micro-organisms in milk. By

No. 43. The standardization of tetanus antitoxin. Am American unit established under authority of the act of July 1, 1902. By M. J. Rosenau and John F. Anderson. 3. (a) The Public Health and Marine-Hospital Bureau and its Hygienic Laboratory have small reference libraries of about 3,000 volumes each.

(b) The laboratory is well equipped to carry on experimental work in bacteriology, pathology, chemistry, pharmacology, biology, zoology, and other problems pertaining to the public health.

(c) A course of practical instruction in bacteriology, epidemiology, serum therapy, disinfection, quarantine, vital statistics, sanitary analysis, etc., is given to student officers of the service and to health officers.

(d) The laboratory force may spend extra hours in research work, and have occasionally been promoted from clerical or routine work into advanced problems.

(e) Student assistants are sometimes appointed, who devote their whole time during official hours to the work of the laboratory, but pursue collegiate studies at one of the local institutions before 9 o'clock or after half past 4.

(f) The facilities of the Hygienic Laboratory for other persons than those actually engaged in the work are limited, and have been accorded only to health officials upon the request of State and municipal health authorities.

4. During the year 1908 four officers of the service were given the prescribed course outlined above. One health officer was afforded the facilities of the laboratory for special study in typhoid fever.

5. The advantages of the Hygienic Laboratory to health officers are limited by the present congested conditions of the small building. The addition now under construction will relieve the congestion, but will be extensive enough to entertain only a few extra workers.

6. Student officers and others to whom the facilities of the Hygienic Laboratory are offered must comply with the regulations of the Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service. Health officials only are admitted, and these upon the request of State and municipal health authorities. At present the facilities of the laboratory do not permit more than five or six students at one time.

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE: LIBRARY.

The library of the Department of Justice is made up chiefly of law treatises, law reports, statutes, and Government publications, and contains but few books of a literary or scientific character. It is a working library for the use of the Department of Justice, and affords no facilities to students for advanced study and research. There is in the library no class of books not found in the Library of Congress.

WAR DEPARTMENT: LIBRARY OF THE SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE.

(Officer reporting: Walter D. McCaw, major, Medical Corps, United States Army.)

1. The Army Medical Museum and Library of the Surgeon-General's Office was established in its present status in 1887, at which time this building, erected for its reception, was first occupied. Prior to that time the library and museum were established in Ford's old theater, Tenth Street.

2. The library, which is exclusively medical, but which deals with all branches of medicine and surgery and the allied sciences, provides a reading room for the general public, with the usual facilities for supplying practically all medical books and journals which can be anywhere obtained. Under the system of indexing, both of authors and of subjects, material can be very quickly supplied.

No provision is made for teaching or training, with the exception that the library is largely used by the class of candidates for the Medical Corps, United States Army, for whom a school is conducted in the same building. When there is room, a limited number of officers of State militia are admitted to the school as students. The library is constantly used by local physicians and students. Assistance is given to all in their researches as far as can be done by the library force.

4. So far as concerns the museum halls there are many visitors; it is impossible to state the number. No record has been kept of those who have availed themselves of the facilities offered by the gross specimens and the labaratories.

5. It is not contemplated to enlarge the scope of the facilities offered.

6. Encouragement is not given to undergraduates to pursue special inquiries, as the colleges seem the proper place to furnish such facilities. The entire museum and library building is so fully occupied that there is no spare room, and the laboratory accommodations are restricted. There are no student assistantships or analogous positions.

WAR DEPARTMENT: OFFICE OF CHIEF OF STAFF.

(Officer reporting: T. W. Jones, lieutenant colonel, General Staff, chief Second (Military Information) Division, in supervisory charge War Department Library.)

1. The supervision of the War Department library was transferred to the office of the Chief of Staff April 10, 1904.

The War Department library was established in the last decade of the eighteenth century (Am. State papers, misc., 1:232. Annals of Congress, 1799-1801, p. 1357). 2. Much research has been done by consulting students during the past 15 years in historical and military subjects.

The following valuable reference works are easily accessible: American Archives (all in print); American State Papers; Journals of the Continental Congress; all the original journals of the Senate and the House of Representatives; the sheep-bound set of congressional documents and reports from the Fifteenth Congress to date; Annals of Congress; Register of Debates; Congressional Globe; Congressional Record; executive journals of the Senate; Statutes at Large; Revised Statutes; official and unofficial photographs of the Civil War included in Subject Catalogue No. 5; valuable albums of the Spanish-American War prepared by the War Department, the only ones in existence outside of four private sets; a very valuable collection of newspaper clippings on the Spanish-American War in 20 large folios volumes, the only set in existence; official gazettes of Madrid, Manila, Habana, and Porto Rico in almost complete series for the last 30 years of the nineteenth century.

Twenty catalogues and finding lists have been issued by the library, including bibliographies on Texas, Mexico, and the Mexican War; State participation in the Civil War, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga; military biographies and public documents of the first 14 Congresses. See also page 105 of Guide to Archives of the Government of the United States in Washington, published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington, second edition, 1907.

4. Two thousand army officers, bureau chiefs, clerks, and a few historical students outside official circles interested in military history, military science, or general history.

5. See remarks under 2.

6. The reference facilities are not limited to any class, but preference is given to consulting students from the Army and the department.

No more than 15 students can be conveniently accommodated at any one time.

WAR DEPARTMENT: BUREAU OF INSULAR AFFAIRS.

The bureau has collected quite an extensive library of publications on the insular possessions, but it would be impossible to give students and others the opportunity to use it for research and study, owing to the limited office space which the bureau has. The library was inaugurated for the administrative purposes of the bureau, and there is no room in the space assigned to the bureau where it would be practicable to persons not connected with the bureau to use the books.

Letters are being constantly received from physicians and health officers from all parts of the United States requesting information, which is given wherever practicable, or all facilities are afforded to agents who desire to make more extensive researches on the spot.

Books are lent to libraries, scientific bodies, and institutions all over the United States. The library of the Surgeon-General's office is regarded as the largest and most complete collection of the kind in the world, and is so recognized in this country and in Europe.

3. The facilities for the fiscal year 1908 do not differ from those which have been afforded during the previous years.

4. It is impossible to even approximate the number of visitors making use of the library. The reading room is generally full of local physicians and students, and nearly always there are two or three from other parts of the country, occasionally even from Europe, who are making special research. For these, tables in the library hall are furnished and the books kept together for them until their work is completed. The special research work done may be in any of the innumerable lines indicated by the character of the library; not only investigations of medical or surgical interest, but those pertaining to public health, medical jurisprudence, criminology, medical botany, zoology, etc., are pursued here.

5. No additional facilities will be offered for the fiscal year 1909.

6. The use of the facilities of the library is not limited to any particular type of inquirer. The visitors include all classes, from medical students at the Washington colleges to scientists of national renown, who wish to use the library. There are no student assistantships or analogous positions, and, in fact, no funds are available for the employment of any assistants outside of the regular force, which is from the classified civil service.

WAR DEPARTMENT: MUSEUM OF SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE.

(Officer reporting: F. F. Russell, Captain, Medical Corps, United States Army.)

1. The Army Medical Museum and library of the Surgeon General's office was established in its present status in 1887, at which time this building, erected for its reception, was first occupied. Prior to that time the library and museum were established in Ford's old theater, Tenth Street.

2. The museum has been open to the general public from soon after the time of its organization in 1862. In addition, physicians, and within certain limits students, have access to the museum specimens, workrooms, and laboratories for the carrying out of special researches. Specimens are also loaned for exhibition at various expositions and congresses. No provision is made for teaching or training except in connection with the Army Medical School, which is located in the same building.

3. The museum consists of one large hall and a smaller room, in which are arranged the gross specimens of anatomy, pathology, embryology, casts, instruments, apparatus, transportation appliances, X-ray photographs, medals, weapons of war, and miscellaneous articles. There are also pathological, anatomical, and bacteriological laboratories, and X-ray and photograph rooms. All specimens, laboratories, etc., are used as far as desired by the Army Medical School, and by civil physicians and occasionally students who desire to pursue some special inquiry, so far as such inquiry does not interfere with the current work of the office.

NAVY DEPARTMENT: HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE.

(Officer reporting: Charles C. Rogers, commander, United States Navy, hydrographer.)

1. 1866. Prior to 1866 the Hydrographic Office was practically connected with the United States Naval Observatory. In 1843 Lieut. Gilliss planned an observatory and depot of charts. In 1842, by act of Congress, the Navy Department was reorganized and under it the Secretary of the Navy placed the depot of charts and instruments in the Bureau of Ordnance and Hydrography. In 1844 Lieut. Maury took charge as superintendent of the depot and observatory referred to in documents of that

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