Sec. 8. The military shall in all cases, and at all times, be in strict subordination to the civil power.

Sec. 9. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner or occupant; nor in time of war except in a manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 10. The people have the right peacefully to assemble together, to consult for the common good, to instruct their Representatives, and to petition the Legislature for redress of grievances.

Sec. 11. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime, shall ever be tolerated in this State. Sec. 12. No lease or grant hereafter, of agricultural land, for a longer period than twelve years, reserving any rent or service of any kind shall be valid.

Sec. 13. Aliens who are, or who may hereafter become, bona fide residents of this State, shall enjoy the same rights in respect to the possession, enjoyment and inheritance of property, as native-born citizens.

Sec. 14. The property of no person shall be taken for public use without just compensation therefor. Private roads may be opened in the manner to be prescribed by law; but in every case the necessity of the road and the amount of all damages to be sustained by the opening thereof shall be first determined by a jury of free-holders; and such amount, together with the expenses of proceedings, shall be paid by the person or persons to be benefited.

Sec. 15. No general revision of the laws shall hereafter be made. When a reprint thereof becomes necessary, the Legisla ture, in joint convention, shall appoint a suitable person to collect together such acts and parts of acts as are in force, and, without alteration, arrange them under appropriate heads and titles. The law so arranged shall be submitted to two commissioners, appointed by the Governor, for examination, and if certified by them to be a correct compilation of all general laws in force, shall be printed in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE XIX.

Upper Peninsula.

Section 1. The counties of Mackinac, Chippewa, Delta, Marquette, Schoolcraft, Houghton and Ontonagon, and the islands and territory thereunto attached, the islands of Lake Superior,

Huron and Michigan, and in Green Bay and the Straits of Mackinac and the River Ste. Marie, shall constitute a separate judicial district, and be entitled to a district judge and district attorney.

Sec. 2. The district judge shall be elected by the electors of such district, and shall perform the same duties and possess the same powers as a circuit judge in his circuit, and shall hold his office for the same period.

Sec. 3. The district attorney shall be elected every two years by the electors of the district, shall perform the duties of prosecuting attorney throughout the entire district, and may issue warrants for the arrest of offenders in cases of felony, to be proceeded with as shall be prescribed by law.

Sec. 4. Such judicial district shall be entitled at all times to at least one Senator, and, until entitled to more by its population, it shall have three members of the House of Representatives, to be apportioned among the several counties by the Legislature.

Sec. 5. The Legislature may provide for the payment of the district judge a salary not exceeding one thousand dollars a year, and of the district attorney not exceeding seven hundred dollars a year; and may allow extra compensation to the members of the Legislature from such territory, not exceeding two dollars a day during any session.

Sec. 6. The elections for all district or county officers, State Senators or Representatives, within the boundaries defined in this article shall take place on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday of November in the respective years in which they may be required; the county canvass shall be held on the first Monday thereafter, and the district canvass on the third Monday of said November.

Sec. 7. One-half of the taxes paid into the treasury from mining corporations in the Upper Peninsula, paying an annual State tax of one per cent, shall be paid to the treasurers of the counties from which it is received, to be applied for township and county purposes, as provided by law. The Legislature shall have power, after the year one thousand eight hundred and fiftyfive, to reduce the amount to be refunded.

Sec. 8. The Legislature may change the location of the State prison from Jackson to the Upper Peninsula.

Sec. 9. The charters of the several mining corporations may be modified by the Legislature in regard to the term limited for

subscribing stock, and in relation to the quantity of land which a corporation shall hold; but the capital shall not be increased, nor the time for the existence of charters extended. No such corporation shall be permitted to purchase or hold any real estate, except such as shall be necessary for the exercise of its corporate franchises.

ARTICLE XIX.-A.

Railroads.

Section 1. The Legislature may, from time to time, pass laws establishing reasonable maximum rates of charges for the trans portation of passengers and freight on different railroads in this State, and shall prohibit running contracts between such railroad companies whereby discrimination is made in favor of either of such companies as against other companies owning connecting or intersecting lines of railroad.

Sec. 2. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, property or franchises with any other railroad corporation owning a parallel or competing line; and in no case shall any consolidation take place except upon public notice given of at least sixty days to all stockholders, in such manner as shall be provided by law.

ARTICLE XX.

Amendment and Revision of Constitution.

Section 1. Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives. If the same shall be agreed to by two-thirds of the members elected to each house, such amendment or amendments shall be entered on the journal respectively, with the yeas and nays taken thereon; and the same shall be submitted to the electors at the next spring or autumn election thereafter, as the Legislature shall direct; and if a majority of electors qualified to vote for members of the Legislature, voting thereon, shall ratify and approve such amendment or amendments, the same shall become part of the Constitution.

Sec. 2. At the general election to be held in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, and in each sixteenth year thereafter, and also at such other times as the Legislature may by law provide, the question of the general revision of the Constitution shall be submitted to the electors qualified to vote

for members of the Legislature; and in case a majority of the electors so qualified, voting at such election, shall decide in favor of a convention for such purpose, the Legislature, at the next ses sion, shall provide by law for the election of such delegates to such convention. All the amendments shall take effect at the commencement of the year after their adoption.

SCHEDULE.

That no inconvenience may arise from the changes in the Constitution of this State, and in order to carry the same into com plete operation, it is hereby declared that

Section 1. The common law and statute laws now in force, not repugnant to this Constitution, shall remain in force until they expire by their own limitations or are altered or repealed by the Legislature.

Sec. 2. All writs, actions, causes of action, prosecutions and rights of individuals and bodies corporate, and of the State, and all charters of incorporation, shall continue; and all indictments which shall have been found, or which may hereafter be found, for any crime or offense committed before the adoption of this Constitution, may be proceeded upon as if no change had taken place. The several courts, except as herein otherwise provided, shall continue with the like powers and jurisdiction, both at law and in equity, as if this Constitution had not been adopted, and until the organization of the judicial department under this Constitution.

Sec. 3. That all fines, penalties, forfeitures and escheats accruing to the State of Michigan under the present Constitution and laws, shall accrue to the use of the State under this Constitution.

Sec. 4. That all recognizances, bonds, obligations and all other instruments entered into or executed before the adoption of this Constitution, to the people of the State of Michigan, to any State, county or township, or any public officer or public body, or which may be entered into or executed under existing laws, "to the people of the State of Michigan," to any such officer or public body, before the complete organization of the departments of government under this Constitution, shall remain binding and valid; and rights and liabilities upon the same shall continue, and may be prosecuted as provided by law. And all crimes and misdemeanors and penal actions shall be tried, punished and

prosecuted as though no change had taken place, unless other wise provided by law.

Sec. 5. A Governor and Lieutenant-Governor shall be chosen under the existing Constitution and laws, to serve after the expiration of the term of the present incumbent.

Sec. 6. All officers, civil and military, now holding any office or appointment, shall continue to hold their respective offices, unless removed by competent authority, until superseded under the laws now in force, or under this Constitution.

Sec. 7. The members of the Senate and House of Representatives of the Legislature of one thousand eight hundred and fiftyone shall continue in office under the provisions of law, until superseded by their successors, elected and qualified under this Constitution.

Sec. 8. All county officers, unless removed by competent authority, shall continue to hold their respective offices until the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. The laws now in force as to election, qualification and duties of township officers shall continue in force until the Legislature shall, in conformity to the provisions of this Constitution, provide for the holding of elections to fill such offices, and prescribe the duties of such officers respectively.

Sec. 9. On the first day of January, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, the terms of office of the judges of the Supreme Court under existing laws, and of the judges of the County Courts, and of the clerks of the Supreme Court, shall expire on the said day.

Sec. 10. On the first day of January, in the year one thou sand eight hundred and fifty-two, the jurisdiction of all suits and proceedings then pending in the present Supreme Court, shall become vested in the Supreme Court established by this Constitution, and shall be finally adjudicated by the court where the same may be pending. The jurisdiction of all suits and proceedings at law and in equity then pending in the Circuit Courts and County Courts for the several counties shall become vested in the Circuit Courts of the said counties and District Court for the Upper Peninsula.

Sec. 11. The Probate Courts, the courts of justices of the peace, and the Police Court authorized by an act entitled "An act to establish a Police Court in the city of Detroit," approved