and repairing and furnishing the halls and rooms used for the meetings of the General Assembly and its committees, shall be performed under contract, to be given to the lowest responsible bidder below a maximum price, and under such regulations as shall be prescribed by law; no member or officer of any department of the government shall be in any way interested in such contracts, and all such contracts shall be subject to the approval of the Governor, State Auditor and State Treasurer.

31. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose amendments, as in other bills.

32. The General Appropriation Bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the Executive, Legislative and Judicial departments of the State, interest on the public debt, and for the public schools; all other appropriations shall be made by separate bills, each embracing but one subject.

33. No money shall be paid out of the Treasury except upon appropriations made by law, and on warrant drawn by the proper officer in pursuance thereof; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public moneys shall be published annually, in such manner as may be by law directed.

34. No appropriation shall be made to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the State, other than Normal schools, established by law for the professional training of teachers for the public schools of the State, except by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house.

35. No act of the General Assembly shall authorize the investment of any trust fund by executors, administrators, guardians, or other trustees, in the bonds or stock of any private corporation; and any such acts now existing are avoided, saving investments heretofore made.

36. The power to change the venue, in civil and criminal causes, is vested in the courts, to be exercised in such manner as shall be provided by law.

37. When the General Assembly shall be convened in special session, there shall be no legislation upon subjects other than

dale, Marion, Morgan, Monroe, Marshall, Randolph, Sanford, Shelby, St. Clair, Walker, Washington and Winston shall each have one Representative; the counties of Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Chambers, Greene, Hale, Jackson, Jefferson, Limestone, Lawrence, Lowndes, Lee, Macon, Marengo, Perry, Pickens, Pike, Russell, Sumter, Talladega, Tallapoosa, Tuskaloosa, and Wilcox shall have each two Representatives; the county of Madison shall have three Representatives; the counties of Dallas and Montgomery shall have each four Representatives.

7. Until the General Assembly shall divide the State into senatorial districts, the senatorial districts shall be as follows:

First district, Lauderdale and Limestone; second district, Colbert and Lawrence; third district, Morgan, Winston and Blount; fourth district, Madison; fifth district, Marshall, Jackson and DeKalb; sixth district, Cherokee, Etowah, and St. Clair; seventh district, Calhoun and Cleburne; eighth district, Talladega and Clay; ninth district, Randolph and Chambers; tenth district, Macon and Tallapoosa; eleventh district, Bibb and Tuskaloosa; twelfth district, Franklin, Marion, Fayette and Sanford; thirteenth district, Walker, Jefferson and Shelby; fourteenth district, Greene and Pickens; fifteenth district, Coosa, Elmore and Chilton; sixteenth district, Lowndes and Autauga; seventeenth district, Butler and Conecuh; eighteenth district, Perry; nineteenth district, Choctaw, Clarke and Washington; twentieth district, Marengo; twenty-first district, Monroe, Escambia and Baldwin; twenty-second district, Wilcox, twenty-third district, Henry, Coffee, Dale and Geneva; twentyfourth district, Barbour; twenty-fifth district, Pike, Crenshaw, and Covington; twenty-sixth district, Bullock; twenty-seventh district, Lee; twenty-eighth district, Montgomery; twenty-ninth district, Russell; thirtieth district, Dallas; thirty-first district, Sumter; thirty-second district, Hale; thirty-third district, Mobile.

ARTICLE X.

Exempted Property.

1. The personal property of any resident of this State to the value of one thousand dollars, to be selected by such resident, shall be exempted from sale on execution, or other process of any court, issued for the collection of any debt contracted, since

action, shall be defined by law, and shall be punished by fine and imprisonment.

43. A member of the General Assembly, who has a personal or private interest in any measure or bill, proposed or pending before the General Assembly shall disclose the fact to the house of which he is a member, and shall not vote thereon.

44. In all elections by the General Assembly, the members shall vote viva voce, and the votes shall be entered on the journals.

45. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass such laws as may be necessary and proper to decide differences by arbitrators, to be appointed by the parties who may choose that mode of adjustment.

46. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, at its first session after the ratification of this Constitution, and within every subsequent period of ten years, to make provision by law for the revision, digesting, and promulgating of the public statutes of the State of a general nature, both civil and criminal. 47. The General Assembly shall pass such penal laws as they may deem expedient to suppress the evil practice of duelling.

48. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to regulate by law the cases in which deductions shall be made from the salaries of public officers, for neglect of duty in their official capacities, and the amount of such deductions.

49. It shall be the duty of the General Assembly to require the several counties of this State to make adequate provision for the maintenance of the poor.

50. The General Assembly shall not have power to authorize any municipal corporation to pass any laws inconsistent with the general laws of this State.

51. In the event of annexation of any foreign territory to this State, the General Assembly shall enact laws extending to the inhabitants of the acquired territory all the rights and privileges which may be required by the terms of the acquisition, anything in this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding. 52. The General Assembly shall not tax the property, real or personal, of the State, counties, or other municipal corporations, or cemeteries; nor lots in incorporated cities or towns, or within one mile of any city or town, to the extent of one acre, nor lots one mile or more distant from such cities or towns, to the extent

ARTICLE XI.

Taxation.

1. All taxes levied on property in this State, shall be assessed in exact proportion to the value of such property: Provided, however, The General Assembly may levy a poll tax not to exceed one dollar and fifty cents on each poll, which shall be applied exclusively in aid of the public school fund, in the county so paying the same.

2. No power to levy taxes shall be delegated to individuals or private corporations.

3. After the ratification of this Constitution, no new debt shall be created against, or incurred by, this State or its authority, except to repel invasion, or suppress insurrection, and then only by a concurrence of two-thirds of the members of each house of the General Assembly, and the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered on the journals; and any act creating or incurring any new debt against this State, except as herein provided for, shall be absolutely void: Provided, The Governor may be authorized to negotiate temporary loans, never to exceed one hundred thousand dollars, to meet deficiencies in the treasury; and until the same is paid, no new loan shall be negotiated: Provided, further, That this section shall not be so construed as to prevent the issuance of bonds in adjustment of the existing State indebtedness.

4. The General Assembly shall not have the power to levy, in any one year, a greater rate of taxation than three-fourths of one per centum on the value of the taxable property within this State.

5. No county in this State shall be authorized to levy a larger rate of taxation, in any one year, on the value of the taxable property therein than one-half one per centum: Provided, That to pay debts existing at the ratification of this Constitution, an additional rate of one-fourth of one per centum may be levied and collected, which shall be exclusively appropriated to the payment of such debts, or the interest thereon: Provided, further, That to any debt or liability now existing against any county, incurred for the erection of the necessary public buildings, or other ordinary county purposes, or that may hereafter be created for the erection of the necessary public

buildings or bridges, any county may levy and collect such special taxes as may have been or may hereafter be authorized by law, which taxes so levied and collected shall be applied exclusively to the purposes for which the same shall have been levied and collected.

6. The property of private torporations, associations and individuals of this State, shall forever be taxed at the same rate: Provided, This section shall not apply to institutions or enterprises devoted exclusively to religious, educational or charitable purposes.

7. No city, town or municipal corporation, other than provided for in this article, shall levy or collect a larger rate of taxation, in any one year, on the property thereof, than onehalf of one per centum of the value of such property, assessed for State taxation during the preceding year: Provided, That for the payment of debts existing at the time of the notification of this Constitution, and the interests thereon, an additional rate of one per centum may be collected, to be applied exclusively to such indebtedness: And, provided, This section shall not apply to the city of Mobile, which city may, until the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine, levy a tax not to exceed the rate of one per centum, and from and after that time a tax not to exceed the rate of three-fourths of one per centum to pay the expenses of the city government, and may also, until the first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine, levy a tax not to exceed the rate of one per centum, and from and after that time, a tax not to exceed the rate of three-fourths of one per centum, to pay the existing indebtedness of said city and the interest thereon.

8. At the first session of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution, the salaries of the following officers shall be reduced at least twenty-five per centum, viz: Governor, Secretary of State, State Auditor, State Treasurer, Attorney-General, Superintendent of Education, Judges of the Supreme and Circuit Courts, and Chancellors; and after said. reduction the General Assembly shall not have the power to increase the same except by a vote of a majority of all the members elected to each house, taken by yeas and nays, and entered on the journals: Provided, This section shall not apply to any of said officers now in office.