Art. 6. No person shall be compelled to give evidence against himself in a criminal case or in any proceeding that may subject him to criminal prosecution, except where otherwise provided in this Constitution, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

Art. 7. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury, except that, in cases where the penalty is not necessarily imprisonment at hard labor or death, the General Assembly may provide for the trial thereof by a jury less than twelve in numebr: Provided, That the accused in every instance shall be tried in the parish wherein the offense shall have been committed, except in cases of change of venue.

Art. 8. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, to be confronted with the witnesses against him, to have' compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to defend himself, and to have the assistance of counsel and to have the right to challenge jurors peremptorily, the number of challenges to be fixed by statute.

Art. 9. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines be imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses where the proof is evident or the presumption great, or unless after conviction for any crime or offense punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor.

Art. 10. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

Art. 11. All courts shall be open, and every person for injury done him in his rights, lands, goods, person or reputation shall have adequate remedy by due process of law and justice administered without denial or unreasonable delay.

Art. 12. The military shall be in subordination to the civil power.

Art. 13. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to deny or impair other rights of the people not herein expressed.

DISTRIBUTION OF POWERS.

Art. 14. The powers of the government of the State of Louisiana shall be divided into three distinct departments, and each of them be confided to a separate body of magistracy, to wit: Those which are legislative to one, those which are executive to another, and those which are judicial to another.

Art. 15. No one of these departments, nor any person or collection of persons holding office in one of them, shall exercise power properly belonging to either of the others, except in the instances hereinafter expressly directed or permitted.

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT.

Apportionment.

Art. 16. Representation in the House of Representatives shall be equal and uniform, and shall be regulated and ascer tained by the total population. Each parish shall have at least one Representative. The first enumeration to be made by the State authorities under this Constitution, shall be made in the year eighteen hundred and ninety, and subsequent enumerations shall be made every tenth year thereafter, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law, for the purpose of ascertaining the total population and the number of qualified electors in each parish and election district. At its first regular session after each enumeration the General Assembly shall apportion the representation among the several parishes and election districts on the basis of the total population as aforesaid. A representa tive number shall be fixed, and each parish and election district shall have as many Representatives as the aggregate number of its population will entitle it to, and an additional Representative for any fraction exceeding one-half the representative number. The number of Representatives shall not be more than ninety-eight nor less than seventy.

Art. 17. The General Assembly, in every year in which they shall apportion representation in the House of Representatives, shall divide the State into Senatorial districts. No parish shall be divided in the formation of a Senatorial district, the parish of Orleans excepted. Whenever a new parish shall be created it shall be attached to the Senatorial district from which most of its territory was taken, or to another contiguous district, at the discretion of the General Assembly, but shall not be attached

to more than one district. The number of Senators shall not be more than thirty-six nor less than twenty-four, and they shall be apportioned among the Senatorial districts according to the total population contained in the several districts.

Art. 18. Until an enumeration shall be made in accordance with articles 16 and 17, the State shall be divided into the fol lowing Senatorial districts, with the number of Senators hereinafter designated to each district:

The First Senatorial district shall be composed of the eighth and ninth wards of Orleans, and of the parishes of St. Bernard and Plaquemines, and shall elect two Senators.

The Second district shall be composed of the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh wards of Orleans, and shall elect two Senators.

The Third district shall be composed of the third ward of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator.

The Fourth district shall be composed of the second and fifteenth wards (Orleans right bank) of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator.

The Fifth district shall be composed of the first and tenth wards of Orleans, and shall elect one Senator.

The Sixth district shall be composed of the eleventh, twelfth, thirteen, fourteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth wards of Orleans, and shall elect two Senators.

The Seventh district shall be composed of the parishes of Jefferson, St. Charles and St. John the Baptist, and shall elect one Senator.

The Eighth district shall be composed of the parishes of St. James and Ascension, and shall elect one Senator.

The Ninth district shall be composed of the parishes of Terrebonne, Lafourche and Assumption, and shall elect two Senators. The Tenth district shall be composed of the parishes of St. Mary, Vermilion, Cameron and Calcasieu, and shall elect two Senators.

The Eleventh district shall be composed of the parishes of St. Martin, Iberia, and Lafayette, and shall elect one Senator.

The Twelfth district shall be composed of the parish of St. Landry, and shall elect two Senators.

The Thirteenth district shall be composed of the parishes of Avoyelles and Pointe Coupee, and shall elect one Senator.

The Fourteenth district shall be composed of the parishes of Iberville and West Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator.

The Fifteenth district shall be composed of the parishes of East and West Feliciana, and shall elect one Senator.

The Sixteenth district shall be composed of the parish of East Baton Rouge, and shall elect one Senator.

The Seventeenth district shall be composed of the parishes of St. Helena, Livingston, Tangipahoa, Washington and St. Tam many, and shall elect one Senator.

The Eighteenth district shall be composed of the parishes of Rapides and Vernon, and shall elect one Senator.

The Nineteenth district shall be composed of the parishes of Natchitoches, Sabine, De Soto and Red River, and shall elect two Senators.

The Twentieth district shall be composed of the parish of Caddo, and shall elect one Senator.

The Twenty-first district shall be composed of the parishes of Bossier, Webster, Bienville and Claiborne, and shall elect two Senators.

The Twenty-second district shall be composed of the parishes of Union, Morehouse, Lincoln and West Carroll, and shall elect two Senators.

The Twenty-third district shall be composed of the parishes of Ouachita, Richland, Caldwell, Franklin and Jackson, and shall elect two Senators.

The Twenty-fourth district shall be composed of the parishes of Catahoula, Winn and Grant, and shall elect one Senator.

The Twenty-fifth district shall be composed of the parishes of East Carroll and Madison, and shall elect one Senator.

The Twenty-sixth district shall be composed of the parishes of Tensas and Concordia, and shall elect one Senator.

Thirty-six (36) Senators in all.

And the Representatives shall be apportioned among the parishes and representative districts as follows:

For the parish of Orleans

First Representative district, first ward, one Representative. Second Representative district, second ward, two Representatives.

Third Representative district, third ward, three Representatives.

Fourth Representative district, fourth ward, one Representative.

Fifth Representative district, fifth ward, two Representatives. Sixth Representative district, sixth ward, one Representative. Seventh Representative district, seventh ward, two Represen tatives.

Eighth Representative district, eighth ward, one Representative.

Ninth Representative district, ninth ward, two Representatives.

Tenth Representative district, tenth ward, two Representatives.

Eleventh Representative district, eleventh ward, two Representatives.

Twelfth Representative district, twelfth ward, one Representative.

Thirteenth Representative district, thirteenth and fourteenth wards, one Representative.

Fourteenth Representative district, sixteenth and seventeenth wards, one Representative.

Fifteenth Representative district, fifteenth ward, one Representative.

The parishes of Ascension, West Baton Rouge, Bienville, Bossier, Calcasieu, Caldwell, Cameron, East Carroll, West Carroll, Catahola, Concordia, West Feliciana, Franklin, Grant, Iberia, Jackson, Jefferson, Lafayette, Lincoln, Livingston, Morehouse, Ouachita, Plaquemines, Pointe Coupee, Red River, Richland, Sabine, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. Helena, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Martin, St. Tammany, Tangipahoa, Union, Vermilion, Vernon, Washington, Webster and Winn, each one Representative.

The parishes of Assumption, Avoyelles, East Baton Rouge, Caddo, Claiborne, De Sota, East Feliciana, Iberville, Lafourche, Madison, Natchitoches, Rapides, St. Mary, Tensas, Terrebonne, each two Representatives.

The parish of St. Landry, four Representatives.

This apportionment of Senators and Representatives shall not be changed or altered in any manner until after the enumeration shall have been taken by the State in eighteen hundred and ninety, in accordance with the provisions of articles 16 and 17.