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Section

21. Reports of State officers. 22. Great seal of Illinois. 23. Fees and salaries. 24. Definition of "office." 25. Oath of civil officers.

ARTICLE VI.
Judicial Department.

1. Courts established.

2. Supreme Court.-Jurisdiction. 3. Qualifications of a Supreme Judge.

4. Terms of the Supreme Court. 5. Grand divisions.-Districts. 6. Election of Supreme Judges. 7. Salaries of the Supreme Judges. 8. Appeals and writs of error. 9. Reporter.

10. Clerks of the Supreme Court. 11. Appellate courts authorized. 12. Circuit courts.-Jurisdiction. 13. Judicial circuits.

14. Time of holding Circuit Courts. 15. Judges.-Increase.

16. Salaries of the Circuit judges. 17. Qualifications of judges

county commissioners.

and

18. County judges.-County clerks. 19. Appeals from county courts. 20. Probate courts authorized. 21. Justices of the peace and constables.

22. State's attorney in each county. 23. Cook County Courts of Record. 24. Chief justice.-Power of judges. 25. Salaries of the judges.

26. Criminal Court of Cook county. 27. Clerks of Cook County Court. 28. Justices in Chicago.

29. Uniformity in the courts. 30. Removal of any judge.

31. Judges to make written reports. 32. Terms of office.-Filling vacan

cies.

33. Process.- Prosecutions.--Population.

ARTICLE VII.
Suffrage.

1. Qualification of voters.

2. All voting to be by ballot.

3. Privileges of electors.

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PREAMBLE.

We, the people of the State of Illinois - grateful to Almighty God for the civil, political and religious liberty which He hath so long permitted us to enjoy, and looking to Him for a blessing upon our endeavors to secure and transmit the same unimpaired to succeeding generations — in order to form a more perfect government, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the State of Illinois.

ARTICLE I.
Boundaries.

The boundaries and jurisdiction of the State shall be as follows, to wit: Beginning at the mouth of the Wabash river; thence up the same and with the line of Indiana to the northwest corner of said State; thence east with the line of the same State to the middle of Lake Michigan; thence north along the middle of said lake to north latitude forty-two degrees and thirty minutes; thence west to the middle of the Mississippi river, and thence down along the middle of that river to its confluence with the Ohio river, and thence up the latter river along its northwestern shore to the place of beginning: Provided, that this State shall exercise such jurisdiction upon the Ohio river as she is now entitled to, or such as may hereafter be agreed upon by this State and the State of Kentucky.

ARTICLE II.

Bill of Rights.

Section 1. All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights. Among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights and the protection of property, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Sec. 2. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.

Sec. 3. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination, shall forever be guaranteed; and no person shall be denied any civil or political right,

privilege or capacity on account of his religious opinions; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be construed to dispense with oaths or affirmations, excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of the State. No person shall be required to attend or support any ministry or place of worship against his consent, nor shall any preference be given by law to any religious denomination or mode of worship.

Sec. 4. Every person may freely speak, write and publish on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty; and in all trials for libel, both civil and criminal, the truth, when published with good motives and for justifiable ends, shall be a sufficient defense.

Sec. 5. The right of trial by jury, as heretofore enjoyed, shall remain inviolate; but the trial of civil cases before justices of the peace, by a jury of less than twelve men, may be authorized by law.

Sec. 6. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue without probable cause, supported by affidavit, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. Sec. 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or the presumption great; and the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.

Sec. 8. No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense, unless on indictment of a grand jury, except in cases in which the punishment is by fine, or imprisonment otherwise than in the penitentiary, in cases of impeachment, and in cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger: Provided, That the grand jury may be abolished by law in all cases.

Sec. 9. In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall have the right to appear and defend in person and by counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation, and to have a copy thereof; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have process to compel the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a

speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district in which the offense is alleged to have been committed.

Sec. 10. No person shall be compelled in any criminal case to give evidence against himself, or be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense.

Sec. 11. All penalties shall be proportioned to the nature of the offense; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate; nor shall any person be transported out of the State for any offense committed within the same.

Sec. 12. No person shall be imprisoned for debt, unless upon refusal to deliver up his estate for the benefit of his creditors, in such manner as shall be prescribed by law; or in cases where there is strong presumption of fraud.

Sec. 13. Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public use without just compensation. Such compensation, when not made by the State, shall be ascertained by a jury, as shall be prescribed by law. The fee of land taken for railroad tracks, without consent of the owners thereof, shall remain in such owners, subject to the use for which it is taken.

Sec. 14. No ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or making any irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities, shall be passed.

Sec. 15. The military shall be in strict subordination to the

civil power.

Sec. 16. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war except in the manner prescribed by law.

Sec. 17. The people have the right to assemble in a peaceable manner to consult for the common good, to make known their opinions to their representatives, and to apply for redress of grievances.

Sec. 18. All elections shall be free and equal.

Sec. 19. Every person ought to find a certain remedy in the laws for all injuries and wrongs which he may receive in his person, property, or reputation; he ought to obtain, by law, right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it, completely and without denial, promptly and without delay.

Sec. 20. A frequent recurrence to the fundamental principles of civil government is absolutely necessary to preserve the blessings of liberty.

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