proposed during the same session, under the same or any other title, without the consent of two-thirds of the House by which the same was rejected.

Par. XIV. No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly, and it shall, in every instance, so appear on the journal.

Par. XV. All special or local bills shall originate in the House of Representatives. The speaker of the House of Repre sentatives shall, within five days from the organization of the General Assembly, appoint a committee consisting of one from each Congressional district, whose duty it shall be to consider and consolidate all special and local bills, on the same subject, and report the same to the House; and no special or local bill shall be read or considered by the House until the same has been reported by said committee, unless by a two-thirds vote. And no bill shall be considered or reported to the House, by said committee, unless the same shall have been laid before it within fifteen days after the organization of the General Assembly, except by a two-thirds vote.

Par. XVI. No local or special bill shall be passed, unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter, or thing to be affected, may be situated, which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly, and in the manner to be prescribed by law. The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such act shall be passed.

Par. XVII. No law, or section of the Code, shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title, or to the number of the section of the Code, but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed, as well as the alteration to be made.

Par. XVIII. The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies, except banking, insurance, railroad, canal, navigation, express and telegraph companies; nor to make or change election precincts; nor to establish bridges or ferries; nor to change names of legitimate children; but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts.

Par. XIX. The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances, from the payment thereof, either before or after judgment thereon, unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer. Par. XX. The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities.

Par. XXI. Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of two-thirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution, the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal.

Par. XXII. The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution, and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State.

Par. XXIII. No provision in this Constitution, for a twothirds' vote of both houses of the General Assembly, shall be construed to wave the necessity for the signature of the Governor, as in any other case, except in the case of the two-thirds' vote required to override the veto, and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly.

Par. XXIV. Neither house shall adjourn for more than three days, or to any other place, without the consent of the other; and in case of a disagreement between the two houses on a question of adjournment, the Governor may adjourn either or both of them.

Section VIII.

Paragraph I. The officers of the two houses, other than the President and Speaker, shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives, and such assistants as they may appoint; but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session, nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session. The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties.

Section IX.

Paragraph I. The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars, and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled, by the nearest practicable route, in going to and returning from the Capital; but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day.

Section X.

Paragraph L. All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce, and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives. When the Senate and House of Rep resentatives unite for the purpose of elections, they shall meet in the Representative Hall, and the President of the Senate shall, in such cases, preside and declare the result.

Section XI.

Paragraph I. All property of the wife at the time of her marriage, and all property given to, inherited or acquired by her, shall remain her separate property, and not be liable for the debts of her husband.

Section XII.

Paragraph I. All life insurance companies now doing business in this State, or which may desire or establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia, chartered by other States of the Union, or foreign States, shall show that they have deposited with the Comptroller-General of the State in which they are chartered, or of this State, the Insurance Commissioners. or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it, not less than one hundred thousand dollars, in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash, subject to his order, as a guarantee fund for the security of policy-holders.

Par. II. When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited, the Comptroller-General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State, upon paying the fees required by law.

Par. III. All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia, or which may hereafter be chartered by the State,

shall, before doing business, deposit with the Comptroller-General of the State of Georgia, or with some strong corporation, which may be approved by the Comptroller-General, one hundred thousand dollars, in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash, to be subject to his order, as a guarantee fund for the security of the policy-holders of the company making such deposit, all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid, when due, to the company so depositing. Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the Comptroller-General, whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company.

Par. IV. The General Assembly shall, from time to time, enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State, whether chartered by this State or otherwise, to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State, to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies.

Par. V. The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State, or doing business therein, under proper penalties, to make semi-annual reports to the Governor, and print the same, at their own expense, for the information and protection of the people.

ARTICLE IV.

Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation.

Section I.

Paragraph I. The right of taxation is a sovereign right, inalienable, indestructible, is the life of the State, and rightfully belongs to the people, in all republican governments, and neither the General Assembly, nor any, nor all other departments of the government established by this Constitution, shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give, grant, limit, or restrain this right; and all laws, grants, contracts, and all other acts whatsoever, by said government, or any department thereof, to effect any of these purposes, shall be, and are hereby, declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever; and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of, and revocable by, the State, notwithstanding any gift, grant, or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly.

Section II.

Paragraph I. The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs, preventing unjust discriminations, and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs, are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly, whose duty it shall be to pass laws, from time to time, to regulate freight and passenger tariffs, to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of the State, and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates, and enforce the same by adequate penalties.

Par. II. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged, nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies, and subjecting them to public use, the same as property of individuals; and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged, nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals, or the general wellbeing of the State.

Par. III. The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing, nor alter or amend the same, nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation, except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution; and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State, or any special law for its benefit, accepted thereby, shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution: Provided, That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road.

Par. IV. The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corporation to buy shares, or stock, in any other corporation in this State, or elsewhere, or to make any contract, or agreement whatever, with any such corporation, which may have the effect, or be intended to have the effect, to defeat or lessen competition in their respective businesses, or to encourage monopoly; and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void.

Par. V. No railroad company shall give, or pay, any rebate, or bonus in the nature thereof, directly or indirectly, or do any