1. Rights, etc., to continue.

2. All laws to remain in force until they expire by limitation.

3. Fines, etc., to enure to State. 4. Recognizances to remain valid. 5. Salaries of officers.

6. Apportionment of Senators and

Assemblymen.

7. Territorial

sumed.

indebtedness

8. Term of State officers.

9. Term of Senators.

10. Term of Senators fixed.

11. Term of Assemblymen.

12. Sessions of the Legislature.

as

Section

16. Salaries of district judges.
17. Salaries may be changed.
18. State officers to qualify.

19. The judges of the Supreme and District Courts shall qualify. 20. All officers of State and District Courts shall be commissioned by the Governor.

21. County, town and village officers.

22. Vacancies may be filled by the Governor.

23. Cases transferred.

24. For the first three years after the adoption of this Constitution the Legislature shall not levy a tax for State purposes. 25. Counties consolidated.

13. County officers continued in of- 26. Publication of debates, etc.

fice.

14. Territorial officers continued in

office until time of qualifica

tion of State officers.

15. Terms of court determined.

ARTICLE XVIII.

Right of Suffrage.

1. The right of suffrage.

PRELIMINARY ACTION.

1. Whereas, The act of Congress, approved March twentyfirst, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-four, "To enable the people of the territory of Nevada to form a Constitution and State government, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the original States," requires that the members of the Convention for framing such Constitution shall, after organization, on behalf of the people of said territory, adopt the Constitution of the United States; therefore, be it

2. Resolved, That the members of this Convention, elected by the authority of the aforesaid enabling act of Congress, assembled in Carson City, the capital of said territory of Nevada, and immediately subsequent to its organization, do adopt, on behalf of the people of said territory, the Constitution of the United States.

ORDINANCE.

3. In obedience to the requirements of an Act of the Congress of the United States, approved March twenty-first, A. D. eighteen hundred and sixty-four, to enable the people of Nevada to form a Constitution and State government, this convention, elected and convened in obedience to said enabling act, do

ordain as follows-and this ordinance shall be irrevocable, without the consent of the United States and the people of the State of Nevada:

First. There shall be in this State neither slavery nor invol untary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment for crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.

Second. That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall be secured, and no inhabitant of said State shall ever be molested, in person or property, on account of his or her mode of religious worship.

Third. That the people inhabiting said territory do agree, and declare, that they forever disclaim all right and title to the unappropriated public lands lying within said territory, and that the same shall be and remain at the sole and entire disposition of the United States; and that lands belonging to citizens of the United States, residing without the said State, shall never be taxed higher than the land belonging to residents thereof; and that no taxes shall be imposed by said State on lands or property therein belonging to, or which may hereafter be purchased by the United States.

PREAMBLE.

4. We, the people of the State of Nevada, grateful to Almighty God for our freedom, in order to secure its blessings, insure domestic tranquility, and form a more perfect government, do establish this

ARTICLE I.

Declaration of Rights.

Section 1. All men are, by nature, free and equal, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty; acquiring, possessing, and protecting property, and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.

Sec. 2. All political power is inherent in the people. Government is instituted for the protection, security, and benefit of the people; and they have the right to alter or reform the same whenever the public good may require it. But the paramount allegiance of every citizen is due to the Federal Government, in the exercise of all its constitutional powers, as the same have been, or may be, defined by the Supreme Court of the United States, and no power exists in the people of this or any other State of the Federal Union to dissolve their connection

therewith, or perform any act tending to impair, subvert, or resist the supreme authority of the government of the United States. The Constitution of the United States confers full power on the Federal Government to maintain and perpetuate its existence, and whensoever any portion of the States, or people thereof, attempt to secede from the Federal Union, or forcibly resist the execution of its laws, the Federal Government may, by warrant of the Constitution, employ armed force in compelling obedience to its authority.

law;

Sec. 3. The right of trial by jury shall be secured to all, and remain inviolate forever; but a jury trial may be waived by the parties in all civil cases, in the manner to be prescribed by and in civil cases, if three-fourths of the jurors agree upon a verdict, it shall stand and have the same force and effect as a verdict by the whole jury: Provided, The Legislature, by a law passed by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each branch thereof, may require a unanimous verdict, notwithstanding this provision.

Sec. 4. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed in this State; and no person shall be rendered incompetent to be a witness on account of his opinions on matters of his religious belief; but the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent with the peace or safety of this State.

Sec. 5. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require its suspension.

Sec. 6. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed; nor shall cruel or unusual punishments be inflicted; nor shall witnesses be unreasonably detained.

Sec. 7. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties; unless, for capital offenses, when the proof is evident or the presumption great.

Sec. 8. No person shall be tried for a capital or other infamous crime (except in cases of impeachment, and in cases of the militia when in actual service, and the land and naval forces in time of war, or which this State may keep, with the consent of Congress, in time of peace, and in cases of petit larceny, under the regulations of the Legislature), except on pre

sentiment or indictment of a grand jury, and in any trial, in any court whatever, the party accused shall be allowed to appear and defend in person, and with counsel, as in civil actions. No person shall be subject to be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense; nor shall he be compelled, in any criminal case, to be a witness against himself; nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation having been first taken or secured, except in cases of war, riot, fire, or great public peril, in which case compensation shall be afterward made.

Sec. 9. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and publish his sentiment on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech or of the press. In all criminal prosecutions, and civil actions for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury, and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was published with good motives, and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted or exonerated.

Sec. 10. The people shall have the right freely to assemble together to consult for the common good, to instruct their representatives, and to petition the Legislature for redress or griev

ances.

Sec. 11. The military shall be subordinate to the civil power. No standing army shall be maintained by this State in time of peace, and in time of war no appropriation for a standing army shall be for a longer time than two years.

Sec. 12. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, except in the manner to be prescribed by law.

Sec. 13. Representation shall be apportioned according to population.

Sec. 14. The privilege of the debtor to enjoy the necessary comforts of life shall be recognized by wholesome laws, exempting a reasonable amount of property from seizure or sale for payment of any debts or liabilities hereafter contracted; and there shall be no imprisonment for debt, except in cases of fraud, libel, or slander, and no person shall be imprisoned for a militia fine in time of peace.