Forests of Himalaya: Structure, Functioning, and Impact of Man

Abies pindrow aboveground Alnus nepalensis annual average banj oak forest bhabhar biomass Bole broadleaf forest camara canopy Cedrus deodara Central Himalaya Central Himalayan forests chir pine forest coarse woody debris crop Cupressus torulosa deciduous deciduous species decomposition density deodar early successional Eastern Himalaya ecosystem evergreen evergreen species farm forest fodder foliage forest sites forest stands forest types forest zone growth ha¨¹ ha¹ yr¹ herbs Indian indicates input kcal kg ha¹ Kharsu oak Kumaun lanuginosa leaf litter leaf mass leaves litter fall lower Mixed oak moisture net primary production nitrogen nutrient oak forest occur pine mixed Pinus roxburghii plantations population primary productivity Quercus floribunda Quercus leucotrichophora Quercus semecarpifolia rainfall rainy season ranges Rawat region retranslocation Rhododendron arboreum Rianj oak root sal forest seed germination seedlings semecarpifolia senescence Shorea robusta shrubs soil Table temperature tree species Twig Upadhyay uptake values vegetation weight