UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION, ST. LOUIS, 1904 Chlef of Department HOWARD J. ROGERS, Albany, N. Y. MONOGRAPHS ON EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES I 2 EDITED BY NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER President of Columbia University in the City of New York EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION - ANDREW 3 ELEMENTARY EDUCATION-WILLIAM T. HARRIS, United States Commissioner of Education, Washington, D. C. 4 SECONDARY EDUCATION-ELMER ELLSWORTH BROWN, Professor of Education in the University of California, Berkeley, California 5 THE AMERICAN COLLEGE- ANDREW FLEMING WEST, Professor of Latin in Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 6 THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY-EDWARD DELAVAN PERRY, Jay Professor of Greek in Columbia University, New York 7 8 EDUCATION OF WOMEN-M. CAREY THOMAS, President of Bryn Mawr TRAINING OF TEACHERS-B. A. HINSDALE, Professor of the Science and 9 SCHOOL ARCHITECTURE AND HYGIENE GILBERT B. MORRISON, Principal of the Manual Training High School, Kansas City, Missouri IO PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION-JAMES RUSSELL PARSONS, Director of the College and High School Departments, University of the State of New York, Albany, New York II SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING EDUCATION - T. C. MENDENHALL, President of the Technological Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts 12 AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION-CHARLES W. DABNEY, President of the 13 COMMERCIAL EDUCATION-EDMUND J. JAMES, Professor of Public Administration in the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 14 ART AND INDUSTRIAL EDUCATION-ISAAC EDWARDS CLARKE, Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 15 EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVES EDWARD ELLIS ALLEN, Principal of the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, Overbrook, Pennsylvania 16 SUMMER SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITY EXTENSION-GEORGE E. VINCENT, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Chicago; Principal of Chautauqua 17 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS- JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL, Professor of Psychology in Columbia University, New York 18 EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO-BOOKER T. WASHINGTON, Principal of the Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee, Alabama 19 EDUCATION OF THE INDIAN-WILLIAM N. HAILMANN, Superintendent of Schools, Dayton, Ohio 20 EDUCATION THROUGH THE AGENCY OF THE SEVERAL RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS-DR. W. H. LARRABEE, Plainfield, N. J. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER President of Columbia University in the City of New York 17 SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS BY JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL Professor of Psychology in Columbia University, New York THIS MONOGRAPH IS PRINTED FOR LIMITED DISTRIBUTION BY THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION COMPANY SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES AND ASSOCIATIONS The educational activity of a nation is not confined to its schools. Societies, journals, museums, laboratories and other institutions devoted to the advancement and diffusion of knowledge are an important part of the educational system of the United States. These agencies are on the one hand for the use of those who teach, and thus represent the most advanced educational work. On the other hand they extend the range of education widely among the people. The rapid development of the United States, its large area and scattered centers of culture, have in some respects favored and in other respects retarded the institutions with which we are concerned. They, however, show great activity and great progress, and the present review will indicate that they need not shun comparison with the similar institutions of the other great nations of the world. SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES The National academy of sciences, corresponding to the Academy of sciences of Paris or the Royal society of London, was incorporated by act of congress in 1863. By the terms of this act the academy, whenever called upon by any department of the government, is required to investigate and report upon scientific questions. Thus a report has recently been presented to the department of the interior on a policy for the forested lands of the United States, and other reports have furnished the basis for important legislation. As a matter of fact the academy has not been as frequently employed by the government as was originally intended or as sound policy dictates. Established like our schools of agriculture and the mechanic arts when the country was involved in a great civil war, the academy represents a forward movement the importance of which can scarcely be |