General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 41
... theory of open systems , the apparent contradiction between entropy and evolution disappears . In all irreversible processes , entropy must increase . Therefore , the change of entropy in closed systems is always positive ; order is ...
... theory of open systems , the apparent contradiction between entropy and evolution disappears . In all irreversible processes , entropy must increase . Therefore , the change of entropy in closed systems is always positive ; order is ...
Page 149
... open system theory ( Chapter 7 ) . Not only the cell , organism , etc. , may be considered as open system , but also higher integrations , such as biocoenoses , etc. ( cf. Beier , 1962 , 1965 ) . The open - system model is particularly ...
... open system theory ( Chapter 7 ) . Not only the cell , organism , etc. , may be considered as open system , but also higher integrations , such as biocoenoses , etc. ( cf. Beier , 1962 , 1965 ) . The open - system model is particularly ...
Page 160
... open systems . If we take a look at changes of open systems in time , we also find remarkable characteristics . Such changes may occur because the living system initially is in an unstable state and tends toward a steady state ; such ...
... open systems . If we take a look at changes of open systems in time , we also find remarkable characteristics . Such changes may occur because the living system initially is in an unstable state and tends toward a steady state ; such ...
Contents
Introduction | 3 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 30 |
Information and Entropy | 41 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animal appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components concept consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic dynamical system theory editor elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory growth curves homeostasis important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological present principle problems processes Psychiatry psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations robot Schizophrenia scientific sense similar so-called social sciences sociology specific steady structure symbolic teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe variables vitalistic weight whole world picture York