General System Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications |
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Page 39
... closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are considered to be isolated from their environment . Thus , physical chemistry tells us about the reactions , their rates , and the ...
... closed and open systems . Conven- tional physics deals only with closed systems , i.e. , systems which are considered to be isolated from their environment . Thus , physical chemistry tells us about the reactions , their rates , and the ...
Page 125
... closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A closed system must , according to the second principle , eventually attain a time - independent state of equilibrium , defined by maximum entropy and minimum free energy ...
... closed systems only and does not define the steady state . A closed system must , according to the second principle , eventually attain a time - independent state of equilibrium , defined by maximum entropy and minimum free energy ...
Page 159
... closed systems must eventually attain a time - independent state of chemical and thermodynamic equilibrium ; in contrast , open systems may attain , under certain conditions , a time - independent state which is called a steady state ...
... closed systems must eventually attain a time - independent state of chemical and thermodynamic equilibrium ; in contrast , open systems may attain , under certain conditions , a time - independent state which is called a steady state ...
Contents
Introduction | 3 |
The Meaning of General System Theory | 30 |
Information and Entropy | 41 |
Copyright | |
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allometric animal appears applied approach aspects atoms basic Bertalanffy biological catabolism causality cell characteristics chemical classical classical physics closed systems complex components concept consideration considered constant contrast cultural cybernetics decision theory defined differential equations dynamic dynamical system theory editor elements energy entities entropy equifinality equilibrium essentially evolution example experience expressed fact feedback fields formulation functions game theory growth curves homeostasis important increase individual information theory interaction isomorphic kinetics language laws living organism living systems Lotka Ludwig von Bertalanffy machine means mechanisms mechanistic mental metabolic rate modern nature open systems organismic phenomena philosophy physics physiological present principle problems processes Psychiatry psychology psychophysical quantitative reaction reality regulations relations robot Schizophrenia scientific sense similar so-called social sciences sociology specific steady structure symbolic teleology theoretical theory of open thermodynamics tion universe variables vitalistic weight whole world picture York