house where James was in service. Entering into conversation with him, they discovered they were all from Dumaine, in the county of Wexford; and the Irishmen were convinced that the servant was James Annesley, the son and heir of Lord Altham. They volunteered to go back to Ireland, and testify to what they had discovered; and this they did, appearing as witnesses at the trial which followed the heir's return. It is also said that James was a great singer; and, when he was confined in the log jail at Columbia, the neighbors frequently visited the prison to listen to him. The events of his life furnished the groundwork for Guy Mannering,' Roderick Random,' and 'Florence Macarthy,' popular novels in their day. James, it would appear, was a man of no particular talent, and easily discouraged. After his heirship had been substantiated, he permitted his uncle, who had so greatly wronged and persecuted him, to remain in possession of his title. He married twice, had sons and daughters by both wives,-none of his sons, however, surviving him,—and died at the age of forty-five, the last of his line. The descendants of the wicked uncle inherited the title and estates." 1

6

Iron and its products are extensively manufactured here; and, in its various branches, about a thousand men are employed. There is also a manufactory of agricultural implements, an oil refinery, two planing-mills, and many other branches of industry. Population 6,461.

MARIETTA, 84 miles, extends along the bank of the Susquehanna two miles, and the scenery is very beautiful. It was incorporated as a borough in 1812.

The old Donegal Presbyterian Church, built in 1740, lies near the bounds of this borough. This was the parent of all the Scotch-Irish churches along the Susquehanna. An early historian says, "All this region was famous in early times, especially during the Revolution, for the convivial and sprightly spirit characteristic of the Irish. Fiddling, dancing and carousing, or what were then known as hup-sesaws, were as common as eating and drinking."

Marietta has six iron furnaces, a rolling-mill, a manufactory

1 Sipes's Pennsylvania Railroad, p. 103.

of enamelled and hollow ware, a foundery, two saw and planing mills, and does a large business in lumber. There are four ironmines worked in the vicinity. Near Marietta, on the opposite side of the river, is "Wild-cat Glen," a romantic spot, now made use of by the Masonic fraternity as a summer resort.

HARRISBURG, 105 miles, is the capital of Pennsylvania. "It was originally settled by emigrants from the north of Ireland, an enterprising and daring race, who for many years defended the frontier against the Indians, and were conspicuous in many of the scenes of border warfare." Most of these emigrants were Presbyterians: their ministers were generally men of great learning and ability. They early founded schools, prominent among which was the "Log College," first established by William Tennant, near Philadelphia, in 1726. It consisted of a log-cabin, about fifty feet square, near Mr. Tennant's house; and he was the only instructor.

That eminent preacher, George Whitefield, when in America, visited this college, and in his journal says, "The place wherein the young men study, now is called, in contempt, 'The College.' To me it seemed to resemble the school of the old prophets; for their habitations were mean. From this despised place, seven or eight worthy ministers of Jesus have lately been sent forth more are almost ready to be sent; and the foundation is now laying for the instruction of many others."

An early historian says of these same Scotch-Irish pioneers, "Having neither silver nor gold to give in founding institutions for the intellectual, moral, and religious improvement of the people, they gave what they had,—their time, labor, talents, and learning. They planted and watered, and under God their work prospered, the fruits of which were gathered and enjoyed not only in their own day, but by generations then unborn."

Harrisburg is beautifully situated in a rich territory, highly cultivated, abounding in iron ore, and covered with manufactories. The scenery in every direction is exceedingly fine. The first settlement was made about 1725, by John Harris, an Englishman, who fixed his habitation on the bank of the river; and here a son was born to him in 1726. He is said to have

been the first white child born in Pennsylvania west of the Conewago Hills. He was named for his father, John Harris, inherited his estate, and became the founder of Harrisburg.

According to the Rev. Col. Elder, John Harris, sen., was the first person who introduced the plough on the Susquehanna. By industry and frugality, he acquired a large property. He was well known throughout the Province; and his house was often visited by all classes of people, passing through the valley of the river. One day a band of Indians came to his house. They were all intoxicated, and wanted more rum, which he refused; and thereupon they seized, and bound him to a tree, intending to burn him. While they were kindling the fire, another band of Indians came up; and, after a fight between them, Harris was released uninjured. As a remembrancer of this event, he directed in his will that he should be buried at the foot of this tree. He died in 1748. His direction was carried out; and his remains and those of his children repose there.

John Harris, jun., accumulated much wealth, and in 1775 loaned the government three thousand pounds. When the town of Harrisburg was laid out, in 1785, he conveyed to commissioners, whom he named, four acres of ground on Capital Hill," in trust, for public use, and such public purposes as the legislature shall hereafter direct." He did this because he believed Harrisburg would be the Capital of Pennsylvania at some future time. He died in 1791.

In 1808 Harrisburg was incorporated as a borough; and the 21st of February, 1810, its founder's dream was realized by its being made the capital of the State.

In the late rebellion, when the advance portion of Lee's army reached the Susquehanna, opposite Harrisburg, the most intense excitement prevailed in the city, as it was supposed that the object of the invasion was to attack the capital of the State. The Pennsylvania archives were hastily packed, and transported to a place of safety; but, a retrograde movement having been made by the rebels, the capital remained safe without the shedding of blood.

The Capitol buildings are of plain red brick, without any

external ornament; and they occupy a fine position, surrounded by ornamental grounds, overlooking the Susquehanna and its delightful scenery. The interior of the buildings is well arranged the halls for the Senate and House are very convenient. The most splendid room is occupied as the State Library,

vania, well preserved, hang sUSQUEHANNA, NEAR HARRISBURG. in the executive department.

The walls are decorated with old curiosities and quaint documents, among which are ancient English charters, treaties between William Penn and others with the Indians, with the marks or hieroglyphics of these aborigines. In the old arsenal, a number of obsolete arms are to be seen, and near it a marble shaft, surmounted by a winged angel, erected in honor of Pennsylvania volunteers who fell in the Mexican war.

The city contains fifteen church edifices, representing all the religious denominations. It has an academy, a female seminary, and an excellent system of common schools, in which are five thousand pupils. The new Masonic Hall is one of the finest buildings in the State outside of Philadelphia and Pittsburg.

Manufacturing of all kinds is largely carried on here; the city being admirably located for this purpose, from the fact that the splendid railroad system radiates from it to every point of the compass, reaching the great anthracite and bituminous coal-mines, the rich veins of iron ore in the adjacent counties, and the fine agricultural country. Population 23,104.