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The second chief proceeding of the conference was the reading of the titles of set papers by the secretary. Instead of having these papers read and discussed by the few present at the annual meeting the secretary proposed a departure from usual programs, and merely announced that a number of papers, which are already prepared or in process of preparation, will be published later in the year for more detailed and elaborate study by the members of the society at a time when they can much more easily appropriate the practical values of the papers for their schoolroom work. To this end the secretary secured promises of a number of papers which are critical reviews and digests of the several fields to which they address themselves. The specific aim of these papers is to enable the busy teacher to become acquainted with the results of the scattered studies along numerous and different lines of child-study. The following titles were announced:

"The Doctrine of Interest in Modern Pedagogy," by Dr. Joseph S. Taylor, editor of the New York Teachers' Magazine.

Reading for Children," by Dr. Sherman Williams, Glens Falls, N. Y.

"Fatigue Among School Children," by Prof. Will S. Monroe, State Normal School of Westfield, Mass.

"Mind Training ia the Primary School," by Dr. Edward Thorndike, Western Reserve University, Ohio.

"A Few Studies of the Physical Side of the Kindergarten," by Miss Luella Palmer, New York City. "Child Study in Mothers' Clubs," by Dr. Miriam E. Wheeler, Brooklyn, N. Y.

The secretary hopes to be able to promise a few additional papers to treat of the different phases of the childstudy movement. These papers will be printed during the year and distributed among the members of the society.

The society sent telegraphic greetings to the National Child-Study Meeting in connection with the National Educational Association at Los Angeles, Cal.

The election of officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows:

Principal Albert Shiels, Mt. Vernon, N. Y., president. Superintendent H. E. Reed, Little Falls, N. Y., vice

president.

Prof. Edward F. Buchner, New York University, New York City, secretary-treasurer.

The annual meeting of 1900 will be held at the time of the annual meeting of the State Teachers' Association at the Thousand Islands, N. Y.

Membership in the society is open to all persons who are interested in promoting the study of children and the dissemination of thought and knowledge which shall tend toward the betterment of the pupil-child. The membership fee is 50 cents, payable annually to the secretary

treasurer.

At the beginning of his paper, given in the Educational Current, on "Naughty Children," Prof. Elmer Brown says: "Whether a child is really naughty or not, in any given instance, depends on the point of view. The most of us can remember times when we were called naughty by censorious elders, although to ourselves we were nothing of the sort. If our command of language had been equal to the tumult of our feelings, we would have said that we were deeply injured; we were engaged in the endless battle for human. rights, and our elders were arrayed against us."

This reminds us of the little girl who was required to ask God's forgiveness for something she had done, and, on being asked if she had told Him how naughty she had been, replied: "Yes, I told Him all about it, and He said, 'Oh, pshaw, Liza Jane, you're not so worse. There's lots of grown folks do badder'n that.'"

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Every subject has to stand up and vouch for its own utility."-Frederick Spencer,

EVENTS IN EDUCATIONAL HISTORY.

1803-Land grant by United States government for Ohio public schools.

1805-New York second state to establish common school fund.

1806-First evening school, Bristol, England.

1809-Ohio State University.

1809-University of Berlin founded with freedom of teaching. 1814-Norwegian Storthing first interests itself in education. 1815-Compulsory education in Prussia.

1817-First institution for deaf-mute instruction in United

States.

1820-School books furnished free in Philadelphia schools. 1824-Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, first in United States.

1825-Braille system of printing for the blind. 1829-Froebel's "Education of Man" appeared. 1833-Universal education law, France.

1833 First aid to schools by British Parliament. 1834-Common schools in Pennsylvania.

1835-Sewing taught in Boston schools.

1836-Mount Holyoke College.

1837-Horace Mann becomes secretary of Massachusetts Board of Education.

1837-First school of design in England.

1838-First normal school in United States, Lexington,

Mass.

1840 First kindergarten, near Rudolstadt.
1840-Text-book reforms in the United States.
1842-Universal free education in Sweden.
1844-Entire Bible printed for the blind.

1849 First woman to receive medical degree.
1853-Antioch College; coeducation.

1857-National Teachers' Association organized; afterwards became National Educational Association.

1861-Vassar College founded.

1863 First cooking-school, London.

1867-Department of Education established in United States.

1868--First laboratory instruction in mechanics, Imperial Technical School, Russia.

1870-Union College of Law, first woman graduate.
1870-Elementary educational act, England.
1872-University extension, Cambridge, England.
1873-Kindergartens in United States, at St. Louis.
1874-First Chautauqua Assembly.

1876-Manual-training schools established, Sweden.
1878 University of London admits women.
1879 Manual training in St. Louis schools.

1880-Cooking taught in Boston public schools.

1881-First trades schools in United States, at New York. 1882--Compulsory education in France.--Chicago Tribune.

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EXPANSION.

Bessie, I've told you more than forty times never to do that again."

"Why, mamma, you've only told me twice."

"Yes, that's the way it goes," said the matter-of-fact playmate, Josie. "If we expand our mammas say it is awful. But they do it all the time.”

"Building committees and city governments should remember that schoolhouses are to be used for generations, and should build with greater thoroughness and stability, not forgetting that a little larger original outlay means future economy in repairs."-Supt. Gordon A. Southworth, Somerville, Mass.

3

Our Motto.

THE EDUCATIONAL CURRENT.

EDITED BY CLARA KERN BAYLISS.

GIVE

IVE us country clubhouses. In place of the eight or ten schools in each township, with enrollments ranging from six to sixty, each with meager apparatus and library of a halfdozen books, let us have one central graded school, with a building of eight or ten rooms, one of which shall be reading-room for parents as well as children; light the building well; put up sheds for horses and render country-life attractive by making the school the center of intellectual and social life for the community.

NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION AT LOS ANGELES.

BELIEVING that nothing can better voice the current

thought in educational matters than the speeches and papers of those who took part in the National Educational Association at Los Angeles, we devote almost the entire space of this department in the September and October issues to extracts from these addresses.

To Fit Him to Elect.

IN

N his paper on "Secondary Schools," Mr. Chas. H. Keyes of Holyoke, Mass., says: "Mental power is the result of intense effort. Intense effort is always born of interest. Interest always attaches to the work of our choice rather than to the assigned task. Other things being equal, greatest power will result from teaching a pupil the subjects of his choice and aptitude-not those for which he has seemingly neither liking nor capacity.

"Must not the ideal high school cease to prescribe any but the essential tool of progress? If its business is to give the pupil four years of opportunity to make the most of himself,' in a high sense of the expression, must it not

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