carpenters work, of some ten foot high, and six foot broad, and the spaces between of the same dimension with the breadth of the arch. Over the arches, let there be an entire hedg, over every arch a little turret, with a belly, enough to receive a cage of birds; and over every space between the arches, some other little figure, with broad plates of round coloured glasse, gilt, for the sunne, to play upon. But this hedge I entend to be, raised upon a bancke, not steepe, but gently slope, of some six foot, set all with flowers. Also I understand, that this square of the garden, should not be the whole. breadth of the ground, but to leave, on either side, ground enough, for diversity of side alleys: unto which, the two covert alleys of the greene, may deliver you. But there must be, no alleys with hedges, at either end, of this great inclosure: not at the hither end, for letting your prospect upon this faire hedge from the greene; nor at the further end, for letting your prospect from the hedge, through the arches, upon the heath.

For the ordering of the ground, within the great hedge, I leave it to variety of device; advising neverthelesse, that whatsoever forme you cast it into, first it be not too busie, or full of worke. Wherein I, for my part, doe not like images cut out in Juniper, or other garden stuffe: they be for children. Little low hedges, round, like welts, with some pretty pyramides, I like well: and in some places, faire columnes upon frames of carpenters worke. I would also, have the alleys, spacious and faire. You may have closer alleys upon the side grounds, but none in the maine garden. I wish also, in the very middle, a faire mount, with three ascents, and alleys, enough for foure to walke a breast; which I would have to be perfect circles, without any bulwarkes, or imbosments; and the whole mount, to be thirty foot high; and some fine banquetting house, 1 with some chimneys neatly cast, and without soo much glasse.

For fountaines, they are a great beauty, and refreshment; but pooles marre all, and make the garden unwholsome, and full of flies, and frogs. Fountaines I intend to be of two natures: the one, that sprinckleth or spouteth water; the other a faire receipt of water, of some thirty or forty foot square, but without fish, or slime, or

1 Vgl. oben.

mud. For the first, the ornaments of images gilt,2 or of marble, which are in use, doe well: but the maine matter is, so to convey the water, as it never stay, either in the bowles, or in the cesterne; ... As for the other kinde of fountaine, which we may call a bathing poole, it may admit much curiosity, and beauty; wherewith we will not trouble ourselves: as, that the bottome be finely paved, and with images; the sides likewise; and withall embellished with coloured glasse, and such things of lustre; encompassed also, with fine railes of low statua's. But the maine point is the same, which we mentioned, in the former kinde of fountaine; which is, that the water be in perpetuall motion, fed by a water higher than the poole, and delivered into it by faire spouts, and then discharged away under ground, by some equalitie of bores, that it stay little. And for fine devices of arching water without spilling, and making it rise in severall formes, (of feathers, drinking glasses, canopies, and the like) they be pretty things to looke on, but nothing to health and sweetnesse. For the heath, which was the third part of our plot, I wish it to be framed, as much as may be, to a naturall wildnesse. Trees I would have none in it; but some thickets, made onely of Sweet-briar, and Honny-suckle, and some wilde vine amongst; and the ground set with violets, straw-berries, and prime-roses. For these are sweet, and prosper in the shade. And these to be in the heath, here and there, not in any order. I like also little heaps, in the nature of mole-hils, (such as are in wilde heaths) to be set, some with wilde thyme; some with pincks; some with germander, that gives a good flower to the eye; some with periwinckle; some with violets; some with straw-berries; some with couslips; some with daisies; some with red-roses; some with Lilium Convallium; 4 some with sweet-Williams red; some with Beares-foot; and the like low flowers, being withal sweet, and sightly. Part of which heapes, to be with standards, of little bushes, prickt upon their top, and part without. The standards to be roses; iuniper; holly; beare-berries (but here and there, because of the smell of their blossome); red currans ;

2 D. i. also polychrom, wie die Statuen at Aldgate's (Ben Jonson).

3 Canopy, Baldachin.

4 Maiblume.

'I sent the lillies given to me.' (Lord Byron).

goose-berries; rose-mary; bayes; sweet-briar; and such like. But these standards, to be kept with cutting, that they grow not out of

course.

For the side grounds, you are to fill them with varietie of alleys, private, to give a full shade; some of them, wheresoever the sun be. You are to frame some of them likewise for shelter, that when the wind blows sharpe, you may walke, as in a gallery. And those alleys must be likewise hedged, at both ends, to keepe out the wind; and these closer alleys, must bee ever finely gravelled, and no grasse, because of going wet. In many of these alleys likewise, you are to set fruit-trees of all sorts; as well upon the walles, as in ranges. And this would be generally observed, that the borders, wherin you plant your fruit-trees, be faire and large, and low, and not steepe; and set with fine flowers, but thin and sparingly, lest they deceive the trees. At the end of both the side grounds, I would have a mount of some pretty height, leaving the wall of the enclosure brest high, to looke abroad into the fields.

For the maine garden, I doe not deny, but there should be some faire alleys, ranged on both sides, with fruit trees; and some pretty tufts of fruit trees, and arbours with seats, set in some decent order; but these to be, by no meanes, set too thicke; but to leave the maine garden, so as it be not close, but the aire open and free. For as for shade, I would have you rest, upon the alleys of the side grounds, there to walke, if you be disposed, in the heat of the yeare, or day; but to make account, that the maine garden, is for the more temperate parts of the yeare; and in the heat of summer, for the morning, and the evening, or over-cast days.

For aviaries, I like them not, except they be of that largenesse, as they may be turffed, and have living plants, and bushes, set in them; that the birds may have more scope, and naturall neastling, and that no foulenesse appeare, in the floare of the aviary. So I have made a platforme of a princely garden, partly by precept, partly by drawing, not a modell, but some generall lines of it; and in this I have spared for no cost. But it is nothing, for great princes, that for the most part, taking advice with workmen, with no lesse cost, set their things together; and sometimes adde statua's, and such things, for state, and magnificence, but nothing to the true pleasure of a garden.'

Anmerkung. Vielfach erinnert der von Lord Bacon entworfene Garten an Rubens' Gemälde des Liebesgartens und an die Gärten der Renaissance überhaupt. Man vergleiche das schöne Werk von P. Tuckermann, Kaiserl. Post-Baurat, Die Gartenkunst der italienischen Renaissancezeit, Berlin 1884.

Zusatz. S. 89: Die Kunst Bäume zu pfropfen,* auf welche grofses Gewicht gelegt wurde: 'our scions, put in wild and savage stock, spirt up so suddenly into the clouds, and overlook their grafters.' H. 5 ÌII, 5, 9. Und Shallow sagt zu Falstaff: 'Nay, you shall see mine orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat a last year's pippin of my own graffing, with a dish of caraways, and so forth." H. 4 B. V, 3. Man sieht, der käufliche elende Shallow hatte doch eine gute Seite: er kultivierte seinen Garten selbst.

Vgl. S. 94: die Irrgärten. Zu ihnen treten die Spring Gardens (Nares, Gloss): 'A Spring-Garden seems to have meant a garden where concealed springs were made to spout jets of water upon their visitors. 'Like a spring-garden, shoot his scornful blood Into their eyes durst come to tread on him.'

(B. & Fl. Four Plays in One I.)

'Arbour, a bower made of branches of trees (Corruption of harbour; E.) Milton has arbour, P. L. V. 378, IX. 216; arbour. IV. 626. Shak. describes an arbour as being within an orchard; 2 Henry IV. V, 3. 2. In Sidney's Arcadia, bk i is described ‘a fine close arbor, [made] of trees whose branches were lovingly interbraced one with the other.' In Sir T. More's Works, p. 177 e, we read of 'sitting in an arbor', which was in the gardine. a. There is no doubt that this word is, however, a corruption of harbour, a shelter, place of shelter, which lost its initial h through confusion with the M. E. herbere, a garden of herbs or flowers, O. F. herbier, Lat. herbarium.' (Skeat.)

Vgl. ferner Ben Jonson (Neptune's Triumph, 1624):

"The goodly bole being got

To certain cubits height, from every side

The boughs decline, which taking root afresh,

Spring up new boles, and these spring new, and newer,

Till the whole tree becomes a porticus

Or orched arbor, able to receive

A numerous troop.'

Anmerkung. Wir sagen z. B. der botanische Garten von Kew, englisch: The Botanical Gardens of Kew. Weshalb der Plural im Englischen? Vgl. S. 91: Adjoining to the houses on all sides lie the gardens. Und Lord Bacon verlangt verschiedene, der Jahreszeit entsprechend zu kultivierende Gärten am Hause. Daher: The Gardens of the Palace, cf. The Old Dram. p. 56. (Ford, The Broken Heart II, 3.)

*Diese Kunst des Pfropfens, stammt aus dem Orient, vgl. Victor Hehn, Kulturpflanzen, 4. Aufl., Berlin 1883, S. 350.

Ein kleiner Beitrag

zur vergleichenden

Syntax des Englischen und Deutschen.

Von

Julius Zupitza.

Wenn bei einem Wort, bei welchem sowohl im Englischen wie im Deutschen gewöhnlich gefragt wird: „,wohin?", zu einer allgemeineren durch eine präpositionelle Fügung ausgedrückten Ortsbestimmung oder einem eine Ortsbestimmung in sich schliefsenden persönlichen Dativ eine genauere Ortsbestimmung hinzutritt, so steht die letztere im Deutschen regelmäfsig auf die Frage: „wohin?", im Englischen aber auf die Frage: wo?" Ich ordne die englischen Beispiele, die ich sämtlich aus Prosaikern der Jetztzeit entnehme, nach den einzelnen regierenden Wörtern.

I. to go.

1. I must jump into the carriage again. I've no time to lose; I must go to Hawkins at the factory (= in die Fabrik), Eliot, Felix Holt I, 266 (Tauchnitz). 2. You can make all your preparations at Fellside. I have seen Messrs. Rigby and Rider, and your own particular ally, Rigby, will go to you at Fellside (nach Fellside) whenever you want him, Braddon, Phantom Fortune, Stereotyped Edition, London 1884, S. 13. 3. When in London, I first went to Edward Chapman, at 193 Piccadilly (nach Nummer 193 P.), Trollope, Autobiography 137 (Tauchnitz). 4. Though it was Mrs. Prime's custom to go to church at Baslehurst (nach Baslehurst;