SUBDIVISION 5. Excessive damages-Passion or prejudice, 1 Cal. 33, 363, 410; 2 Cal. 326; 5 Cal. 410; 6 Cal. 228, 681; 23 Cal. 196; 24 Cal. 513; 25 Cal. 460; 36 Cal. 463, 590; 41 Cal. 364; 42 Cal. 215; 44 Cal. 45; 45 Cal. 337; 53 Cal. 11; Siemers v. Eisen, March 24th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 248. Reduction enforced. 4 Cal. 381; 8 Cal. 294; 14 Cal. 419; 19 Cal. 28; 20 Cal. 196; 36 Cal. 462; 46 Cal. 323; 48 Cal. 131; 50 Cal. 243. Damages too small, 33 Cal. 522; 46 Cal. 26. Objection too late, 14 Cal. 194; 41 Cal. 472,515. Damages generally-Civil Code, secs. 3281-3360. Damages in various cases-Amendment, 6 Cal. 413; 14 Cal. 117: appeal, frivolous, on, sec. 957: averring, see COMPLAINT, sec. 426n: bond, indemnity, on, sec. 6397: conversion, sec. 667n: death, for causing, sec. 377: detainer, unlawful, see FORCIBLE ENTRY: ejectment, secs. 740, 741: embezzling estate, secs. 1458-1560: executor, fraudulently selling realty, sec. 1572: exemplary, see SEDUCTION: forcible entry, secs. 735, 1174: forfeiture, secs. 1174, 1179: libel or slander, sec. 461: liquidated, sec. 1572: mandamus on, sec. 1095: nuisance, sec. 731: penal, secs. 732,733, 735, 1174, 145860, 1572: replevin, see CONVERSION: seduction, sec. 374: special, see AVERRING: striking out, see AMENDMENT: treble, see PENAL: trespass as to timber, secs. 733, 734: usurpation of office, sec. 807: waste, secs. 732, 746. SUBDIVISION 6. Insufficient evidence-Substantial conflict, no interference, 1 Cal. 132; 4 Cal. 102; 8 Cal. 443; 9 Cal. 16; 12 Cal. 426; 17 Cal. 612; 21 Cal. 178; 23 Cal. 193; 24 Cal. 419; 27 Cal. 228; 29 Cal. 492; 30 Cal. 662; 32 Cal. 102, 530, 558; 33 Cal. 202, 650; 36 Cal. 151; 37 Cal. 40, 59; 38 Cal. 78; 44 Cal. 104; 46 Cal. 580; 47 Cal. 76, 267, 585; 48 Cal. 114, 535, 646; 49 Cal. 90, 152, 253, 274, 585; 50 Cal. 304; 51 Cal. 172; 52 Cal. 568; 53 Cal. 577; Butler . Beach, May 26th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 445; Forbes v. McDonald, Jan. 29th, 1880, (Sharpstein, J., concurring) 4 Pac. C. L. J. 501; DuBrutz v. Jessop, Feb. 3rd, 1880, 4 Pac. C. L. J. 506; Williams v. Hill, March 17th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 184; Williams v. Hartford F. Ins. Co. March 29th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 227; Lá Soc. Fr. d'Ep. etc. v. Beard, March 31st, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 273; Green v. Chandler, April 22nd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 387; Witherby v. Thomas, May 1st, 1880; 5 Pac. C. L. J. 343; De La Guerra v. Newhall, May 15th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 413; Wakefield v. Bouton, July 20, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 574; Myers v. Spooner, July 8th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 612. Verdict, conclusiveness of, 1 Cal. 337; 5 Cal. 84; 10 Cal. 446, 508; 12 Cal. 27, 402; 15 Cal. 162; 23 Cal. 219; 24 Cal. 419; 38 Cal. 78; 48 Cal. 647: but where depositions, see 33 Cal. 60; 48 Cal. 546; 50 Cal. 168. Other decision, finality of, decision of fact only, 49 Cal. 42: findings of jury, 14 Cal. 387: report of referee, 1 Cal. 362; 5 Cal. 228; 13 Cal. 620; 20 Cal. 520; 22 Cal. 471; 25 Cal. 175; 49 Cal. 173: and as to review of, see 19 Cal. 607: findings of court, 1 Cal. 180, 186, 373; 3 Cal. 284; 14 Cal. 194; 16 Cal. 73; 23 Cal. 58; 24 Cal. 338; 26 Cal. 514; 33 Cal. 356: 34 Cal. 516; 35 Cal. 129, 646; 36 Cal. 208; 40 Cal. 165, 386; 41 Cal. 519; 42 Cal. 298, 358; 44 Cal. 43; 48 Cal. 346: 52 Cal. 568. Supporting evidence, sufficiency of, 9 Cal. 94; 13 Cal. 643; 15 Cal. 36; 16 Cal. 76; 20 Cal. 83; 21 Cal. 400; 25 Cal. 437; 29 Cal. 164; 34 Cal. 506; 39 Cal. 389, 565, 687; 40 Cal. 639; 44 Cal. 3, 200; 46 Cal. 385, 576; 47 Cal. 98, 265; 48 Cal. 100, 335, 632; 49 Cal. 294, 374; 50 Cal. 222, 631; 52 Cal. 455; 53 Cal. 303: utter insufficiency, 12 Cal. 88; 20 Cal. 48: 23 Cal. 539; 28 Cal. 175; 41 Cal. 571; 48 Cal. 118; 49 Cal. 374. Abuse of discretion, requisite, 4 Cal. 104, 288; 16 Cal. 392; 17 Cal. 92; 21 Cal. 413; 22 Cal. 248; 23 Cal. 124; 28 Cal. 535; 29 Cal. 615; 32 Cal. 332; 39 Cal. 407; 41 Cal. 467; 44 Cal. 139; 46 Cal. 408; 48 Cal. 536; 49 Cal. 586; 50 Cal. 187. Review, mode of, under Code, 49 Cal. 42; 50 Cal. 508: before Code, 2 Cal. 120; 13 Cal. 598; 14 Cal. 415; 26 Cal. 595; 27 Cal. 68, 470; 29 Cal. 390; 30 Cal. 280; 32 Cal. 450; 33 Cal. 542; 40 Cal. 628; 42 Cal. 439; 45 Cal. 247: specifying particulars, sec. 648 and note, sec. 659n; 35 Cal. 30, 218; 39 Cal. 24; 47 Cal. 18; 49 Cal. 294, 340, 425, 523; 50 Cal. 187; 51 Cal. 198, 219, 554. Against law-39 Cal. 24; 40 Cal. 543; 49 Cal. 46. SUBDIVISION 7. Errors in law-What constitute, see following subheads: Evidence, admission or rejection of, 1 Cal. 92, 231; 16 Cal. 392; 20 Cal. 437; 21 Cal. 215; 22 Cal. 185, 255; 25 Cal. 61; 26 Cal. 310; 38 Cal. 278; 46 Cal. 29; 47 Cal. 93, 485; 53 Cal. 436; Noe v. Splivalo, Feb. 26th, 1880; Donnelly' v. Curran, March 18th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 215; Williams v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co. March 29th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 227; Estate of Toomes, April 17th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 286; Witherby v. Thomas, May 1st, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 343; People v. Smallmans, May 15th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J.475; Tracy v. Colby, June 11th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 534; Tracy v. Craig, June 22nd, 1880; People, etc. v. Brite, June 12th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 616. Instructions, as to, 1 Cal. 353; 2 Cal. 385; 5 Cal. 342, 478; 8 Cal. 341; 9 Cal. 565; 13 Cal. 42, 58; 22 Cal. 42; 25 Cal. 230; 32 Cal. 131; 47 Cal. 93, 96; 50 Cal. 235, 285, 482; 52 Cal. 315, 465, 611; 53 Cal. 40, 630, 693, 706, 720; People v. Wong Ah Ngow, Feb. 10th, 1880, 4 Pac. C. L. J. 552; Black v. Sprague, March 6th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 92; Watson v. Da mon, March 6th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 97; People v. Ah Chung, March 22nd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 218; Williams v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co. March 29th, 1830,5 Pac. C. L. J. 227; McFadden v. Mitchell, April 22nd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 334; People v. Smallmans, May 15th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 475; People v. Kennedy, May 24th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 418; Sargent v. Linden G. Mg. Co. May 25th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 404; People v. Miles, May 26th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 420. Findings, sec. 633n; 47 Cal. 20; 51 Cal. 626; 52 Cal. 73; Kelly v. McKibben, Feb. 21st, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 38. Judg ment, 50 Cal. 258. Various particulars, Sherman v. McCarthy, March 3rd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 58. Affirmative showing necessary, 2 Cal. 145; 3 Cal. 381; 5 Cal. 319, 409; 23 Cal. 385; 26 Cal. 149, 393; 31 Cal. 238; 39 Cal. 690; 47 Cal. 416; 48 Cal. 191, 537; 50 Cal. 166; 51 Cal. 222: specifying particulars, see sec. 659, subds. 3, 4, and notes; also, 10 Cal. 298; 25 Cal. 478; 37 Cal. 263; 47 Cal. 18: exceptions, sec. 646n: abuse of discrétion requisite, 16 Cal. 357; 49 Cal. 32, 233, 425; 52 Cal. 277; 53 Cal. 50, and see DISCRETION under New trial, note, supra. Prejudicial, inust be, 2 Cal. 145, 381; 12 Cal. 383; 14 Cal. 39; 15 Cal. 304; 17 Cal. 294; 18 Cal. 416, 629; 21 Cal. 280; 22 Cal. 255; 23 Cal. 15, 404, 468; 24 Cal. 339; 25 Cal. 460, 504; 26 Cal. 129, 149, 455; 28 Cal. 188, 406; 29 Cal. 615, 644; 30 Cal. 394, 425; 32 Cal. 102; 33 Cal. 230, 290, 647; 34 Cal. 176, 248, 321; 35 Cal. 129, 302, 679; 39 Cal. 625; 44 Cal. 182, 195; 45 Cal. 287, 379, 522; 46 Cal. 248; 47 Cal. 30, 388, 535; 48 Cal. 93, 152, 410, 433; 40 Cal. 6, 263, 374, 388, 577, 632; 50 Cal. 129, 137, 166, 176, 195, 289, 624; 51 Cal. 180, 198; 52 Cal. 171; 53 Cal. 491, 574; Hansen v. Martin, March 18th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 193; People v. Ah Chung, March 22nd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 218; Siemers v. Eisen, March 24th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 248; Forsyth v. Bower, April 27th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 337; Wetherby v. Thomas, May 1st, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 343; Chester v. Bower, May 29th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 450: injury presumed from error shown, 14 Cal. 19, 91; 15 Cal. 63; 17 Cal. 37, 166; 18 Cal. 187; 25 Cal. 167, 230; 28 Cal. 540; 30 Cal. 394; 39 Cal. 609; 40 Cal. 249; 47 Cal. 103, 119; 50 Cal. 628; 51 Cal. 222. § 658. When the application is made for a cause mentioned in the first, second, third, and fourth subdivisions of the last section, it must be made upon affidavits; for any other cause it may be made, at the option of the moving party, either upon the minutes of the court, or a bill of exceptions, or a statement of the case, prepared as hereinafter provided. [In effect July 1st, 1874.] Effect of Code on section-47 Cal. 58. Mode of application-affidavits, on, sec. 659, subd. 1: minutes of court, on, sec. 659, subd. 4: bill of exceptions on, sec. 659, subd. 2: statement of case, on, sec. 659, subd. 3. § 659. The party intending to move for a new trial must, within ten days after the verdict of the jury, if the action were tried by a jury, or after notice of the decision of the court or referee, if the action were tried without a jury, file with the clerk and serve upon the adverse party a notice of his intention, designating the grounds upon which the motion will be made, and whether the same will be made upon affidavits or the minutes of the court, or a bill of exceptions, or a statement of the case: 1. If the motion is to be made upon affidavits, the moving party must, within ten days after serving the notice, or such further time as the court in which the action is pending, or a judge thereof, may allow, file such affidavits with the clerk, and serve a copy upon the adverse party, who shall have ten days to file counter affidavits, a copy of which must be served upon the moving party. 2. If the motion is to be made upon a bill of exceptions, and no bill has already been settled as hereinbefore provided, the moving party shall have the same time after service of the notice to prepare and obtain a settlement of a bill of exceptions as is provided after the entry of judgment, or after receiving notice of such entry by sec. 650, and the bill shall be prepared and settled in a similar manner. If a bill of exceptions has been already settled and filed, when the notice of motion is given, such bill shall be used on the motion. 3. If the motion is to be made upon a statement of the case, the moving party inust, within ten days after service of the notice, or such further time as the court in which the action is pending, or the judge thereof, may allow, prepare a draft of the statement, and serve the same, or a copy thereof, upon the adverse party. If such proposed statement be not agreed to by the adverse party, he must, within ten days thereafter, prepare amendments thereto, and serve the same, or a copy thereof, upon the moving party. If the amendments be adopted, the statement shall be amended accordingly, and then presented to the judge who tried or heard the cause, for settlement, or be delivered to the clerk of the court for the judge. If not adopted, the proposed statement and amendments shall, within ten days thereafter, be presented by the moving party to the judge, upon five days' notice to the adverse party, or delivered to the clerk of the court for the judge; and thereupon the same proceedings for the settlement of the statement shall be taken by the parties, and clerk, and judge, as are required for the settlement of bills of exception by sec. 650. If the action was heard by a referee, the same proceedings shall be had for the settlement of the statement by him as are required by that section for the settlement of bills of exception by a referee. If no amendments are served within the time des ignated, or, if served, are allowed, the proposed statement and amendments, if any, may be presented to the judge or referee, for settlement, without notice to the adverse party. When the notice of the motion designates, as the ground of the motion, the insufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict or other decision, the statement shall specify the particulars in which such evidence is alleged to be insufficient. When the notice designates, as the ground of the motion, errors in law occurring at the trial, and excepted to by the moving party, the statement shall specify the particular errors upon which the party will rely. If no such specifications be made, the statement shall be disregarded on the hearing of the motion. It is the duty of the judge or referee, in settling the statement, to strike out of it all redundant and useless matter, and to make the statement truly represent the case, notwithstanding the assent of the parties to such redundant or useless matter, or to any inaccurate statement. When settled, the statement shall be signed by the judge or referee, with his certificate to the effect that the same is allowed, and shall then be filed with the clerk. 4. When the motion is to be made upon the minutes of the court, and the ground of the motion is the insufficiency of the evidence to justify the verdict or other decision, the notice of motion must specify the particulars in which the evidence is alleged to be insufficient; and, if the ground of the motion be errors in law occurring at the trial, and excepted to by the moving party, the notice must specify the particular errors upon which the party will rely. If the notice do not contain the specifications here indicated, when the motion is made on the minutes of the court, the motion must be denied. [In effect July 1st, 1874.] Within ten days-see NOTICE OF MOTION, infra. Notice of decision-30 Cal. 123; 33 Cal. 208; 43 Cal. 320; 50 Cal. 375: meaning of "decision," see 49 Cal. 565. Notice of motion for new trial-Written, must be, 24 Cal. 354, 364. Abandonment, 19 Cal. 602. Waiver, 9 Cal. 76; 23 Cal. 151; 41 Cal. 619; 43 Cal. 485; 52 Cal. 664. Filing and serving of papers, generally, sec. 1010 et seq. initiates proceedings, 47 Cal. 58. Time for, mandatory, 9 Cal. 67; 15 Cal. 313; 24 Cal. 354; 45 Cal. 654; 4) Cal. 105, 552; 50 Cal. 370: extension of time, sec. 1054: excepting to court commissioner's report, sec. 259, subd. 2. Designating grounds, see SPECIFYING PARTICULARS, note, infra. Proceedings, limited time for -11 Cal. 132; 27 Cal. 491; 28 Cal. 262; 43 Cal. 320, 482; 50 Cal. 370; 52 Cal. 664: extensions of time, sec. 1054; 41 Cal. 515; 43 Cal. 320. Specifying particulars-27 Cal. 415; 28 Cal. 312; 30 Cal. 229; 32 Cal. 302, 639; 34 Cal. 90, 624: 36 Cal. 117; 37 Cal. 263, 381; 38 Cal. 201, 278; 39 Cal. 253, 700; 40 Cal. 77, 639; 41 Cal. 298; 42 Cal. 439; 43 Cal. 274, 398; 44 Cal. 210, 246, 284; 46 Cal. 3, 33, 530; 47 Cal. 19, 416; 48 Cal. 614; 49 Cal. 42, 146, 166, 340, 524; 50 Cal. 120, 187; 51 Cal. 221; Rider v. Edgar, Feb. 6th, 1880, 4 Pac. C. L. J. 545; Preston v. Hearst, March 16th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 128; Thompson v. Patterson, April 23rd, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 390. SUBDIVISION 1. Affidavits-time for filing, see PROCEEDINGS, LIMITED TIME FOR, note, supra: further time, sec. 1054: filing, etc., of papers, sec. 1010 et seq.: indorsement, 43 Cal. 542. SUBDIVISION 2. Bill of exceptions-settlement, requisites, etc., see sec. 650n, secs. 649-653: filed before signed, 49 Cal. 585: specifying particulars, see note, supra. SUBDIVISION 3. Statement-preparation and settlement of, 44 Cal. 210; 50 Cal. 120; and compare sec. 650 and notes: engrossed statement, incorporating amendments, 23 Cal. 461; Smith v. Davis, May 19th, 1880, 5 Pac. C. L. J. 449: judge's certificate, sec. 661n; 13 Cal. 170; 44 Cal. 246; and compare, 14 Cal. 194: clerk's duty, 13 Cal. 170; 40 Cal. 142: mistake as to, 42 Cal. 236; 44 Cal. 210: omission in, 34 Cal. 506: striking out, improper, 42 Cal. 110: time for filing, 47 Cal. 164; 51 Cal. 172; and see PROCEEDINGS, supra: specifying particulars, see note, supra: reserving objection, 43 Cal. 320. SUBDIVISION 4. Minutes of court-motion on, sec. 660: specifying particulars, see note, supra. § 660. The application for a new trial shall be heard at the earliest practicable period after notice of the motion, if the motion is to be heard upon the minutes of the court, and in other cases, after the affidavits, bill of exceptions, or statement, as the case may be, are filed, and may be brought to a hearing upon motion of either party. On such hearing reference may be had in all cases to the pleadings and orders of the court on file, and when the motion is made on the minutes, reference may also be had to any depositions, documentary evidence, and phonographic report of the testimony on file. [In effect July 1st, 1874.] Earliest practicable period-diligence required, 27 Cal. 413; 32 Cal. 655; 45 Cal. 669: discretion of court, 37 Cal. 236; 39 Cal. 434; 44 Cal. 389: waiver, 47 Cal. 645. Brought to a hearing-see WAIVER, under preceding note. Hearing-Arguments on, 28 Cal. 99; 47 Cal. 163; 49 Cal. 46. Premature order on, 41 Cal. 331; 42 Cal. 218, 362. Dismissal on motion, 48 Cal. 646. § 661. The judgment roll and the affidavits, or bill of exceptions, or statement, as the case may be, used on the hearing, with a copy of the order made, shall constitute the record to be used on appeal from the order granting or refusing a new trial, unless the motion be made on the minutes of the court, and in that case the judgment roll and a statement to be subsequently prepared, with a copy of the order, shall constitute the record on appeal. Such subsequent statement shall be proposed by the party appealing, or intending to appeal, within ten days after the entry of the order, or such further time as the court in |