Practical Marine EngineeringWilliam F. Durand was Professor of Marine Engineering at Cornell University. This book was designated to provide help for the operative or practical engineer of its time and covers every aspect of naval engineering. Reprint of the first edition (1901). |
Contents
CHAPTER I | 1 |
7 | 24 |
CHAPTER II | 31 |
Briquettes and Artificial Fuel | 41 |
CHAPTER III | 47 |
1 The Scotch Boiler | 50 |
3 Direct Tubular Boiler Locomotive Type | 51 |
5 The Flue Boiler | 52 |
Crank Valve Gear | 393 |
Valve Setting | 405 |
Steam Engine Indicators | 429 |
CHAPTER IX | 438 |
SECTION PAGE 3 Steam | 444 |
4 Total Heat in a Substance | 450 |
5 Latent Heat in Passing from Ice to Water | 452 |
Steam Boiler Economy | 453 |
6 WaterTube Boilers | 53 |
7 Relative Advantages of Different Types of Boilers | 56 |
Riveted Joints | 67 |
Materials and Construction | 86 |
Introductory | 93 |
Common Sizes and Dimensions of Scotch Boilers | 110 |
6 Common Proportions for Scotch Boilers | 112 |
8 Western River Boat or Flue Boilers | 113 |
Boiler Mountings and Fire Room Fittings | 115 |
2 Muffler | 118 |
4 DryPipe or Internal Steam Pipe | 120 |
5 Feed Check Valve and Internal Feed Pipe | 121 |
6 Surface and Bottom Blows | 122 |
7 Steam Gauges | 124 |
Water Gauge and Cocks | 125 |
9 Hydrokineter | 127 |
11 Boiler Saddles | 128 |
12 Boiler Lagging | 129 |
Boiler Design in Accordance with the Rules of the U S Board of Supervising Inspectors of Steam Vessels | 138 |
CHAPTER IV | 154 |
Description of Principal Parts of a Marine Engine | 165 |
2 Columns | 168 |
3 BedPlates | 172 |
4 Engine Seating | 174 |
5 Pistons | 175 |
6 PistonRods | 179 |
7 Crossheads | 180 |
8 ConnectingRods | 184 |
9 Crank Shafts | 185 |
Western River Practice | 204 |
The Steam Turbine | 207 |
Engine Fittings | 209 |
2 Main Stop Valve | 212 |
3 Cylinder Drain Gear and Relief Valves | 215 |
SECTION PAGE 4 Starting Valves | 216 |
5 Reversing Gear | 217 |
6 Turning Gear | 220 |
8 Reheaters | 225 |
10 Counter Gear | 227 |
11 Lagging | 228 |
Piping | 237 |
2 Expansion Joint | 239 |
3 Globe Angle and Straightway Valves | 240 |
CHAPTER V | 241 |
Condensers | 243 |
Air Pumps | 245 |
Feed Pumps and Injectors | 251 |
Feed Heaters | 255 |
Filters | 260 |
Evaporators | 261 |
Direct Acting Pumps | 263 |
Blowers or Fans | 267 |
Ash Ejectors | 269 |
General Arrangement of Machinery | 271 |
CHAPTER VI | 273 |
2 Fire Room Routine | 277 |
3 Emergencies and Casualties | 287 |
EngineRoom Routine and Management | 298 |
2 Routine Operation | 301 |
3 Minor Emergencies and Troubles | 304 |
Boiler Corrosion | 308 |
Boiler Scale | 319 |
Boiler Overhauling and Repairs | 328 |
2 Leakage from the Joints of Boiler Mountings | 333 |
5 Patches | 336 |
7 Blisters and Laminations | 337 |
8 Tubes | 338 |
91 Leakage About Stays and Braces | 339 |
1 Split in FeedPipe | 341 |
1 Cylinders | 342 |
2 Pin Joints and Bearings | 343 |
3 Crosshead Guides | 345 |
4 Crosshead Marks | 346 |
SECTION PAGE | 347 |
Spare Parts | 356 |
Valve Diagram | 369 |
Stephenson Link Valve Gear | 380 |
BraemmeMarshall Gear | 386 |
2 Evaporation Per Pound of Coal | 455 |
3 Evaporation Per Pound of Combustible | 459 |
Steam Engine Economy | 460 |
2 Relation of Expansion to Economy | 469 |
3 Economy of the Actual Engine | 471 |
Coal Consumption and Related Problems | 472 |
The Lever Safety Valve and the Safety Valve Problem | 476 |
The Boiler Brace Problem | 480 |
Strength of Boilers | 486 |
Loss by Blow Off | 489 |
Gain by Feed Water Heating | 491 |
The Proportions of Cylinders for Multiple Expansion Engines | 492 |
Clearance and Its Determination | 494 |
The Effect of Clearance in Modifying the Apparent Expansion 69 Engine Constant | 496 |
Indicated Thrust | 498 |
Reduced Mean Effective Pressure | 499 |
Pressure on Main Guides | 502 |
Force Required to Move a Slide Valve | 503 |
Amount of Condensing Water Required | 504 |
Work Done by Pumps | 505 |
Discharge of Steam Through an Orifice | 507 |
Computing Weights of Parts of Machinery | 508 |
2 Approximations and Short Cuts | 509 |
CHAPTER X | 514 |
Screw Propeller | 517 |
2 Varieties of Propellers | 523 |
3 Materials | 526 |
Paddle Wheels | 529 |
Powering Ships | 534 |
Reduction of Power When Towing or When Vessel is Fast | 537 |
Trial Trips | 539 |
Special Conditions for Speed Trials | 544 |
CHAPTER XI | 545 |
Refrigeration by Freezing Mixtures | 546 |
Refrigeration by Vaporization and Expansion | 547 |
Principal Features of Ammonia Refrigerating Apparatus | 549 |
Refrigeration by the Expansion of a Compressed Gas | 553 |
Principal Features of Compressed Air Refrigerating Apparatus | 554 |
Operation and Care of Refrigerating Machinery | 556 |
SECTION | 579 |
2 Reduction of a Mixed Number to an Improper Fraction | 583 |
I | 586 |
10 Complex Fractions | 591 |
12 | 594 |
Compound Numbers | 599 |
Duodecimals | 605 |
SECTION PAGE 2 Compound Proportion | 610 |
Evolution and Involution | 612 |
2 To Extract the Square Root | 613 |
3 To Extract the Cube Root | 615 |
Mathematical Signs Symbols and Operations | 616 |
Geometry and Mensuration | 621 |
2 Rectangle | 622 |
4 Trapezoid | 623 |
6 RightAngled Triangle | 624 |
7 Trapezium | 625 |
9 Irregular Figures | 626 |
11 Circular Ring or Annulus | 628 |
13 Segment of Circle | 629 |
15 Figures With an Irregular Contour | 630 |
16 Prism | 633 |
17 Cylinder | 634 |
18 Any Solid with a Constant Section Parallel to the Base Either Right or Oblique | 635 |
21 General Pyramid | 636 |
22 Right Circular Cone | 637 |
24 Frustum of Right Pyramid | 638 |
25 Frustum of General Pyramid | 639 |
27 Frustum of General Cone | 640 |
30 Volume Generated by Any Area Revolving About an Axis | 641 |
Problems in Geometry | 642 |
2 To Bisect the Distance Between Two Points | 643 |
6 To Bisect a Given Arc or Angle | 644 |
9 To Construct a Square Equivalent in Area to a Given Rectangle | 645 |
13 To Construct an Ellipse | 646 |
14 To Construct any Regular Polygon | 647 |
15 To Develop the Surface of a Cylinder | 648 |
Common terms and phrases
adjustment amount angle arrangement bearing bolts bottom braces brass carbon cast iron cent coal cock combustion chamber condenser condition connected corrosion crank crosshead cut-off cylinder decrease diagram diameter distance draft drum excentric exhaust expansion feed pump fire fire-room fire-tube boilers fitted flanges force funnel furnace gauge head heater heating surface hence holes increase Indicator Card joint latter length less lever lubrication Marine Engineering Fig mean effective pressure means metal motion moving necessary opening operation piston piston-rod pitch port pounds proper readily result revolutions per minute rings rivets safety valves scale screw shaft shell ship shown in Fig side slide square inch steam pipe steam pressure steel strength of plate stroke stuffing box substance surface condenser temperature tensile strength thickness tion tubes usually valve gear vapor various water-tube boilers wrought iron