AMENDMENT 14."

SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

SECTION 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

The fourteenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 37 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on the 16th of June, 1866, at the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated July 28, 1868, by the legislatures of the following States: Connecticut, June 30, 1866; New Hampshire, July 7, 1866; Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, Sept. 11, 1866 (withdrew her consent to the ratification in April, 1868); Oregon, Sept. 19, 1866 (withdrew her consent to the ratification Oct. 15, 1868); Vermont, Nov. 9, 1866; New York, Jan. 10, 1867; Ohio, Jan. 11, 1867 (withdrew her consent to the ratification in January, 1868); Illinois, Jan. 15, 1867; West Virginia, Jan. 16, 1867; Kansas, Jan. 18, 1867; Maine, Jan. 19, 1867; Nevada, Jan. 22, 1867; Missouri, Jan. 26, 1867; Indiana, Jan. 29, 1867; Minnesota, Feb. 1, 1867; Rhode Island, Feb. 7, 1867; Wisconsin, Feb. 13, 1867; Pennsylvania, Feb. 13, 1867; Michigan, Feb. 15, 1867; Massachusetts, Mar. 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, Apr. 3, 1868; Arkansas, Apr. 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; North Carolina, July 4, 1868; Louisiana, July 9, 1868; South Carolina, July 9, 1868; Alabama, July 13, 1868; Georgia, July 21, 1868.

The State of Virginia ratified this amendment on the 8th of October, 1889, subsequent to the date of the proclamation of the Secretary of State, having theretofore rejected it.

North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia had rejected the amendment prior to the dates of ratification noted.

The States of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Texas rejected this amendment.

12703°-S. Doc. 157, 68-1-6

SECTION 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

SECTION 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. SECTION 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

AMENDMENT 15.

SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United

• The fifteenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 37 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on the 27th of February, 1869, at the first session of the Forty-first Congress; and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated Mar. 30, 1870, by the legislatures of the following States: Nevada, Mar. 1, 1869; West Virginia, Mar. 3, 1869; North Carolina, Mar. 5, 1869; Louisiana, Mar. 5, 1869; Illinois, Mar. 5, 1869; Michigan, Mar. 8, 1869; Wisconsin, Mar. 9, 1869; Massachusetts, Mar. 12, 1869; Maine, Mar. 12, 1869; South Carolina, Mar. 16, 1869; Pennsylvania, Mar. 26, 1869; Arkansas, Mar. 30, 1869; New York, Apr. 14, 1869 (withdrew her consent to the ratification Jan. 5, 1870); Indiana, May 14, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 15, 1869; New Hampshire, July 7, 1869; Virginia, Oct. 8, 1869; Vermont, Oct. 21, 1869; Alabama, Nov. 24, 1869; Missouri, Jan. 10, 1870; Mississippi, Jan. 17, 1870; Rhode Island, Jan. 18, 1870; Kansas, Jan. 19, 1870; Ohio, Jan. 27, 1870 (Ohio had previously rejected the amendment May 4, 1869); Georgia, Feb. 2, 1870; Iowa, Feb. 3, 1870; Nebraska, Feb. 17, 1870; Texas, Feb. 18, 1870; Minnesota, Feb. 19, 1870.

The State of New Jersey ratified this amendment on the 21st of February, 1871, subsequent to the date of the proclamation of the Secretary of State (New Jersey had previously rejected the amendment).

The States of California, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Oregon, and Tennessee rejected this amendment.

States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

AMENDMENT 16."

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

AMENDMENT 17.8

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one

'The sixteenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 48 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on July 12, 1909, at the first session of the Sixty-first Congress, and was ratified according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated February 25, 1913, by the legislatures of the following States: Alabama, Aug. 17, 1909; Kentucky, Feb. 8, 1910; South Carolina, Feb. 23, 1910; Illinois, Mar. 1, 1910; Mississippi, Mar. 11, 1910; Oklahoma, Mar. 14, 1910; Maryland, Apr. 8, 1910; Georgia, Aug. 3, 1910; Texas, Aug. 17, 1910; Ohio, Jan. 19, 1911; Idaho, Jan. 20, 1911; Oregon, Jan. 23, 1911; Washington, Jan. 26, 1911; California, Jan. 31, 1911; Montana, Jan. 31, 1911; Indiana, Feb. 6, 1911; Nevada, Feb. 8, 1911; Nebraska, Feb. 11, 1911; North Carolina, Feb. 11, 1911; Colorado, Feb. 20, 1911; North Dakota, Feb. 21, 1911; Michigan, Feb. 23, 1911; Iowa, Feb. 27, 1911; Kansas, Mar. 6, 1911; Missouri, Mar. 16, 1911; Maine, Mar. 31, 1911; Tennessee, Apr. 11, 1911; Arkansas, Apr. 22, 1911; Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; South Dakota, Feb. 3, 1912; Arizona, Apr. 9, 1912; Minnesota, June 12, 1912; Louisiana, July 1, 1912; Delaware, Feb. 3, 1913; Wyoming, Feb. 3, 1913; New Jersey, Feb. 5, 1913; New Mexico, Feb. 5, 1913.

The States of Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah rejected this amendment. The following States ratified this amendment subsequent to date of the proclamation of the Secretary of State, as follows: Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and West Virginia.

The seventeenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 48 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on 16th day of May, 1912, at the second session of the Sixty-second Congress, and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated May 31, 1913, by the legislatures of the following States: Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, Jan. 15, 1913; Kansas, Jan. 17, 1913; Oregon, Jan. 23, 1913; North Carolina, Jan. 25, 1913; California, Jan. 28, 1913; Michigan, Jan. 28, 1913; Idaho, Jan. 31, 1913; West Virginia, Feb. 4, 1913; Nebraska, Feb. 5, 1913; Iowa, Feb. 6, 1913; Montana, Feb. 7, 1913; Texas, Feb. 7, 1913; Washington, Feb. 7, 1913; Wyoming, Feb. 11, 1913; Colorado, Feb. 13, 1913; Illinois, Feb. 13, 1913; North Dakota, Feb. 18, 1913; Nevada, Feb. 19, 1913; Vermont, Feb. 19, 1913; Maine, Feb. 20, 1913; New Hampshire, Feb. 21, 1913; Oklahoma, Feb. 24, 1913; Ohio, Feb. 25, 1913; South Dakota, Feb. 27, 1913; Indiana, Mar. 6, 1913; Missouri, Mar. 7, 1913; New Mexico, Mar. 15, 1913; New Jersey, Mar. 18, 1913; Tennessee, Apr. 1, 1913; Arkansas, Apr. 14, 1913; Connecticut, Apr. 15, 1913; Penn. sylvania, Apr. 15, 1913; Wisconsin, May 9, 1913.

vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

AMENDMENT 18.

SECTION 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

SEC. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

SEC. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

The eighteenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 48 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on 17th day of December, 1917, at the second session of the Sixty-fifth Congress, and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Acting Secretary of State dated Jan. 29, 1919, by the legislatures of the following States: Mississippi, Jan. 8, 1918; Virginia, Jan. 11, 1918; Kentucky, Jan. 16, 1918; North Dakota, Jan. 28, 1918; South Carolina, Feb. 12, 1918; Montana, Feb. 20, 1918; Texas, Mar. 4, 1918; Maryland, Mar. 12, 1918; South Dakota, Mar. 22, 1918; Delaware, Mar. 26, 1918; Massachusetts, Apr. 2, 1918; Arizona, May 23, 1918; Georgia, July 2, 1918; Louisiana, Aug. 9, 1918; Florida, Dec. 3, 1918; Michigan, Jan. 2, 1919; Oklahoma, Jan. 7, 1919; Ohio, Jan. 7, 1919; Idaho, Jan. 8, 1919; Maine, Jan. 8, 1919; West Virginia, Jan. 9, 1919; Washington, Jan. 13, 1919; California, Jan. 13, 1919; Illinois, Jan. 14, 1919; Indiana, Jan. 14, 1919; Kansas, Jan. 14, 1919; Tennessee, Jan. 14, 1919; Arkansas, Jan. 14, 1919; New Hampshire, Jan. 15, 1919; Colorado, Jan. 15, 1919; Alabama, Jan. 15, 1919; Oregon, Jan. 15, 1919; Nebraska, Jan. 16, 1919; North Carolina, Jan. 16, 1919; Utah, Jan. 16, 1919; Minnesota, Jan. 17, 1919; Wyoming, Jan. 17, 1919; Wisconsin, Jan. 17, 1919; Missouri, Jan. 17, 1919; Nevada, Jan. 17, 1919; New Mexico, Jan. 22, 1919; Iowa, Jan. 27, 1919; Vermont, Jan. 29, 1919; New York, Jan. 29, 1919; Pennsylvania, Feb. 26, 1919.

AMENDMENT 19.10

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

1 The nineteenth amendment was submitted to the legislatures of the several States, there being then 48 States, by a resolution of Congress passed on 5th day of June, 1919, at the first session of the Sixty-sixth Congress, and was ratified, according to a proclamation of the Secretary of State dated Aug. 26, 1920, by the legislatures of the following States: Illinois, June 10, 1919; Michigan, June 10, 1919; Wisconsin, June 11, 1919; Ohio, June 16, 1919; Kansas, June 16, 1919; New York, June 16, 1919; Massachusetts, June 25, 1919; Pennsylvania, June 27, 1919; Texas, June 28, 1919; Iowa, July 2, 1919; Missouri, July 3, 1919; Arkansas, July 28, 1919; Nebraska, Aug. 2, 1919; Montana, Aug. 2, 1919; Minnesota, Sept. 8, 1919; New Hampshire, Sept. 10, 1919; Utah, Oct. 2, 1919; California, Nov. 1, 1919; Maine, Nov. 5, 1919; South Dakota, Dec. 4, 1919; North Dakota, Dec. 5, 1919; Colorado, Dec. 15, 1919; Rhode Island, Jan. 6, 1920; Oregon, Jan. 13, 1920; Indiana, Jan. 16, 1920; Kentucky, Jan. 19, 1920; Wyoming, Jan. 27, 1920; Nevada, Feb. 7, 1920; Idaho, Feb. 11, 1920; Arizona, Feb. 12, 1920; New Jersey, Feb. 17, 1920; New Mexico, Feb. 21, 1920; Oklahoma, Feb. 28, 1920; West Virginia, Mar. 13, 1920; Washington, Mar. 22, 1920; Tennessee, Aug. 24, 1920; Connecticut, Sept. 14, 1920; Vermont, Feb. 8, 1921. The States of Alabama, Virginia, and Maryland rejected this amendment.