habitat of the African population of the borough, and hence its name. Its dusky denizens seem to have been mostly emancipated slaves, of whom there was a considerable influx about the year 1828. On the Champion farm, about one mile from the Statehouse, grew an immense oak tree, which was one of the wonders of the borough vicinage. It was nearly six feet in diameter just above the ground, and when cut down in 1839 produced 305 fencerails and ten and a half cords of firewood. In its immediate vicinity grew several other oaks nearly as large.

Peters's Run took its name from Tunis Peters, Junior, who removed from Pickaway County to Columbus in 1830, established a large tannery in the vicinity of the Run, and built his dwelling at the spot which now forms the southeast corner of High and Beck streets. Mr. Peters, at his own expense, erected of brick, on Mound Street, a Baptist Church building, which was torn away when the street came to be graded some years later. His descendants are now prominent in the manufacturing and other business interests of Columbus.

The forest occupying the present area of City Park took from its owner, Francis Stewart, the name of Stewart's Grove.

The Harbor Road was so called because the pilferers of the borough, and later of the city, usually harbored in that vicinity. People who missed things went there to look for them. The thoroughfare is now known as Cleveland Avenue.

Friend Street, now Main, was so named because in its early settlement the people who belonged to the Society of Friends, commonly called Quakers, were partial to it.

The woods cast of the borough were very dense, and abounded in wild game, of which more will be said in another place. Among the open spaces of the borough was a pasture field, of mostly solid ground, extending from the present location of the Penitentiary to the Broad Street Bridge.

A group of cabins on the corner of Spring and Fourth streets took the name of "Jonesburgh" from that of its proprietor, David Jones, who owned a very large tract of land in the Spring Street region, east of High. On this ground Jones erected, ultimately, a score or more of small tenements which he rented mostly to German families after the people of that nationality began to arrive. One of his tenants was Jimmy Uncles, an eccentric character, somewhat intemperate, who was in perpetual contention with the proprietary lord of the swamp. During one of their quarrels, Uncles placed an old wooden pump stock in position, pointing from his window, and declared his purpose to bombard “King David's dominions.” Thenceforward "King David Jones" was one of the colloquialisms of the borough. On another occasion, when sued by Jones before a Justice of the Peace for the collection of some claim, Uncles put in a counterclaim for services to the plaintiff in "reading and expounding the Scriptures."

The first German immigrant who settled in the borough was Christian Heyl, the circumstances of whose advent have already been narrated. In the year 1800 Mr. Heyl, then a boy of thirteen, accompanied his parents in their emigration from Germany to the United States. So contrary were the winds that the ship in which they sailed spent twentythree weeks, or nearly half a year, in making the voyage from Bremen to Baltimore. Among the borough settlers of German origin or descent who came after Mr. Heyl, were David W. Deshler in 1817, the Roeder family in

1820, John Otstot in 1824, George Kraus in 1829, the Studer, Knies, Hunt, Lichtenegger and Eberly families in 1831; Peter Ambos, Benedict Ritter, Otto Zirkel, and the Krumm, Jacobs and Reinhard families, in 1832, the Lohrer, Zettler and Hinderer families, Louis Hoster and Leonhard Beck in 1833, and the Siebert and Erlenbusch families, Joseph Schneider, Henry Roedter, Fritz Beck, Conrad Heinmiller and the Rickly and Esswein brothers in 1834. After the opening of the canal to Columbus, the German immigrants were landed at the wharf by boatloads. Among the arrivals of that period were the Moehl, Pausch, Neufang, Machold, Zehnacker, Lauer, Moersch, Schultz, and Schweinsberger families, Professor Jueksch, Doctor Schenck, G. J. Mayer, Louis Silbernagel, Adam Luckhaupt, John Knopf, Esquire J. P. Brück, Louis Lindemann, John Burkhard, George Kreitlein, George Schreyer, Moritz Becker, Joseph Engler, Joseph Weitgenannt, the Koetz brothers, Casper Miller, John Blenkner, and John G. Bickel.

A considerable influx of Welsh people took place nearly contemporary with that of the Germans. Among the earlier arrivals of Welsh settlers were those of John O., Richard and William Jones, Thomas Cadwallader and Morgan Powell. A census of the borough taken during the last week of April, 1829, makes the following exhibit:

Of the total population, as shown by these figures, one hundred and sixty persons were of African descent.

The census of 1830, taken by Robert Ware, shows a total population of 2438, of whom 1343 were males, 1095 females, and 216, male and female, of African descent.

The county seat was removed to Columbus from Franklinton in 1824, at which time the Common Pleas judges were Gustavus Swan, President, and Edward Livingston, Samuel G. Flenniken and Arora Buttles, Associates. A. I. McDowell was the Clerk and Robert Brotherton the Sheriff. From 1824 until 1840 the county courts were held in the United States Court building, but the county offices, in the meantime, were lodged for several years in hired rooms until a building, already mentioned, was erected for their temporary accommodation, on the Capitol Square, by the County.

1.

2.

3.

NOTES.

The National Intelligencer, quoted in the Freeman's Chronicle of August 5, 1814.

Address before the Franklin County Pioneer Association June 1, 1867.

Before the Franklin County Pioneer Association June 3, 1871.

4. Sunday Morning News, March 30, 1890.

5. Most of the information here given as to the German pioneers of Columbus has been derived from a paper read by the Hon. Henry Olnhausen before the Humboldt Society in February, 1889.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE BOROUGH TAVERNS AND COFFEEHOUSES.

Innkeeping in the time of the borough period of Columbus was something more than a business; it was almost a profession. Although it required no special training, like the pursuit of the law, or of medicine, it did both require and develop special traits and qualifications. To be a successful landlord, or landlady, as the innkeepers were called, was a worthy ambition in the public opinion of the time, and enlisted the best endeavors of many of the best people. Not a few who undertook it failed, and not a few who succeeded in it became affluent, acquired extensive social influence, and stepped from it into stations of important public trust. At the political center of the State, where the resources of a new community were strained to provide for a large official and transient population, the opportunities and emoluments of this business were particularly attractive, and Columbus consequently possessed, in its early period, a larger proportion of inns, or, as they were more commonly called, taverns, than any other class of establishments.

The first or pioneer tavern of the borough began its career some time during the year 1813 under the management of an original settler named Volney Payne. It was kept in a twostory brick building erected for the purpose by John Collett on the second lot south of State Street, west side of High. Its sign in 1816 was The Lion and The Eagle. From 1814 the house was kept successively by Payne, Collett, John McElvain and again Collett, until 1817 or 1818, when it was purchased by Robert Russell, who had an appropriate emblem painted on its sign and called it The Globe. In company with Doctor Goodale, Mr. Russell, familiarly known in the borough as "Uncle Bob," had originally come to Franklin County from Lancaster in 1805, tracing his way through the woods by the "blazed trees." He settled first in Franklinton, followed merchandizing for ten years, removed to Circleville, then returned to Columbus and purchased Collett's establishment as above stated. Under his mangement The Globe came to be considered one of the best taverns west of the Alleghanies. After an interval of some years during which the estab lishment was conducted by Mr. Robinson, Russell resumed its control, which he retained until 1847, after which the building was occupied successively by F. C. Sessions's drygoods store, B. & C. Ortman's shoestore, and the jewelry store of Buck & Brown. Its present successor is the Johnson Building. In 1850 Mr. Russell, having lost his wife by cholera, removed to a farm near Tiffin.

The Columbus Inn, at which the Borough Council held its first sittings, was opened in 1815 by David S. Broderick in a frame building at the southeast corner

of High and Town.' This was the beginning of the establishment afterwards widely known as the City House, and also, for a time, as Robinson's tavern, under the proprietorship of Mrs. Robinson & Son. During the spring of 1818 Mr. Broderick retired, and was succeeded by James B. Gardiner, who emblazoned his sign with a blooming rosetree, and the legend: "The wilderness shall blossom rose."

as the

Of the final fate of the old Columbus Inn, and of its earlier history, the following mention is made, under date of April 4, 1854, in the Ohio State Journal:

Yesterday, the workmen commenced, at the corner of High and Town streets, in removing the venerable old twostory white frames formerly known as the City Hotel. This building is classic in the early annals of Columbus, and many reminiscences of bygone years are associated with it. At an early day, David S. Broderick, father of the late Colonel John C. Broderick, did the honors of host there. He was succeeded by the facetious "Cokeley," who not only entertained his guests with provant, for which he was an expert caterer, but abundantly amused them with his overflowing wit and humor. After him came Mr. James Robinson, Mr. Samuel Barr, Colonel [P. H.] Olmsted, and we know not how many others. . . . For several years past it [the building] has served as a sort of makeshift, and been temporarily occupied by provision men, hucksters, and mechanic shops until better apartments could be obtained.

In the same connection we are told that Mr. D. W. Deshler, proprietor of the premises, is about to erect thereon a spacious and beautiful block of business houses.

The White Horse Tavern was established at an early date, on the present site of the Odd Fellows' building, by Isaiah Voris, of Franklinton. Its name was emblematically represented on its sign by the picture of a white horse led by a hostler dressed in green. It was a one-and-a-half-story frame in front, with a long narrow annex to the rear, supplemented by a commodious barn, which occupied the entire rear portion of its grounds. An upstairs veranda, with which the rooms on that floor communicated, opened upon the ample dooryard, and furnished a pleasant lounging place in summer. The dining room was ranged with long tables, and warmed from a great open fireplace, out of which, in winter time, the burning logs snapped their sparks cheerily while the guests gossiped around it, seated upon sturdy oaken armchairs. In December, 1829, David Brooks became its landlord, and made it one of the favorite hostelries of the borough. Mr. Brooks seems to have resumed its management, after an interval, in 1837. It was then known as the Eagle Hotel.

The Swan Tavern, which had its origin, already chronicled, in the bakery of its proprietor, Christian Heyl, was kept in a frame building which yet stands, on the corner of High Street, east side, and Cherry Alley. On its sign was painted at one time a white, at another a golden swan. Members of the General Assemby were fond of stopping with Mr. Heyl, who provided royally both for them and for the horses from which they dismounted before his door. During its later career the Swan Tavern became widely known as the Franklin House, of which name, although at different times adopted by its rivals, it was the original and proper owner. In the spring of 1841 Colonel Andrew McElvain bought the establishment of Judge Heyl, and became its managing host Its location is described in an advertisement of that period as "pleasant and commanding, . . . a few rods north of